Xinhua All Media+｜ Looking at the New Achievements of Artificial Intelligence Development from the Humanoid robot contest

    On March 13th, the humanoid robot contest officially kicked off in Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone.

    The competition is set around the humanoid robot track in the work of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology to unveil the future industrial innovation tasks in 2023. The participating units cover domestic head enterprises, universities and research institutes in the fields of humanoid robots, core components, algorithm software, inspection and testing.    

    Reporter: Sun Lei.

    Reporter: Chen Muqiao

    Produced by Audio and Video Department of Xinhua News Agency

Junyi Digital： The net repayment of financing for three consecutive days totaled 7.3009 million yuan (03

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Global Right Watch ｜ AI Fake News, Fixed-point Cyber Storm, Zombie Water Army： The Combination of Hindu Right Wing and High Technology

On January 22nd, The Wire, an Indian media, published a heavy and long investigation report, revealing that the ruling party of Indian Prime Minister Modi, the Bharatiya Janata Party, and Internet companies jointly developed and put into use an APP called "Tek Fog" to manipulate public opinion and crack down on political opponents by digital means.

Indian TV reported Tek Fog.

According to the report, in mid-2020, The Wire editorial department found a clue that a former employee of the IT department of the Bharatiya Janata Party broke the news that the Bharatiya Janata Party used this APP called Tek Fog to create momentum for right-wing politics and promote cyber violence. According to the report, through clues, the investigative reporter verified that this program called "Tek Fog" did exist. This mobile APP has many functions. Including the ability to automatically generate virtual phone numbers and email addresses, and then use the same terminal to register, log in and operate many social platform accounts such as Twitter, Facebook and Instagram, and generate a lot of similar information in a short time to achieve the effect of "washing the version" on social platforms.

The report mentioned that this APP has unified deployment and KPI indicators. Grass-roots operators will receive uniform labels at regular intervals-often the hottest political topic. Then they have to generate a copy related to the tag through the APP-support the Bharatiya Janata Party, or attack the opponents of the Bharatiya Janata Party, and then publish the copy, forward and share it on platforms such as Twitter, thus "hijacking" the hot search keywords of these platforms. For example, in the report, on May 4, 2020, the Bharatiya Janata Party launched a publicity campaign against the labor group, claiming that the largest opposition party, the Indian National Congress Party, was "anti-labor" and set a key word-"# Congress Party is anti-labor". This keyword was quickly forwarded by about 1,700 accounts and got more than 50,000 main tweets and retweets.

The survey report also found that the APP "Tek Fog" has a huge database of online users. Among them, the public figures on the Internet in India are divided into many categories-such as journalists, social media experts, religious leaders, movie stars, students … Different people are also labeled with different labels, such as gender, political orientation, religion, language and so on. According to the deployment, the operator can select groups with different labels to send public opinion messages on a large scale-for example, insulting words are put on anti-Modi female journalists in a certain period of time, and inflammatory words are put on certain groups of people in a certain period of time.

After this high-tech "public opinion war" weapon was exposed, the Modi government and its political parties have not commented so far. Many media have expressed great concern. For example, the French newspaper Le Monde called it creating a "toxic media environment"; Pakistan’s Dawn newspaper commented that this "encourages the ideology of hatred"; Bloomberg believes that this is the embodiment of India’s "political war escalation."

All these serve the political goals of the Bharatiya Janata Party: Since winning the election in 2014, Indian Prime Minister Modi and his ruling Bharatiya Janata Party have been committed to pursuing the political agenda of "Hindu nationalism", that is, the "transformation" plan of India, which is a mixture of identity politics and sectarian politics, with the aim of transforming India from a secular country with multiple religions and ethnic groups into a religious country ruled by a "Hindu nation" and pursuing the "dharma rule" of Hinduism.

For this long-sought political goal, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government has carried out a series of controversial domestic policies, which has continuously promoted Hindu nationalism at the symbolic and practical levels. For example, in October 2019, Modi’s government abolished the autonomous status given to Indian-controlled Kashmir in the Indian Constitution; In November of the same year, Hindu nationalist groups won the lawsuit surrounding the former site of Babri Mosque in Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, and obtained court permission to build the Hindu Rama Temple on the site of the mosque demolished by Hindu militants in 1992. The following year, Modi personally came to lay the foundation stone for the new temple. From the second half of 2019 to the first half of 2020, Modi took advantage of the epidemic to launch the National Identity Act (CAA), which regarded many groups other than Hindus as "non-nationals", which triggered a series of protests, especially in Delhi, which caused ethnic conflicts between Hindus and Muslims who killed many people. In addition, during the Modi government’s administration, all parts of India also ushered in the climax of "social policy" to restrict the slaughter of cattle and the consumption of beef. A large number of Mughal city names have also been changed to "Hindu" names in these years.

In this series of operations, the Indian media ecology under the Bharatiya Janata Party is increasingly beneficial to Modi. In 2015, NDTV, which is famous for its anti-Modi, was rectified for national security and tax reasons; In 2019, the Indian government temporarily stopped buying advertisements in the biggest media-The Times of India, The Hindu and Telegraph, which was interpreted as a way to pressure these media that rely heavily on government advertising to change their reporting tendency.

At the same time, the online propaganda power of Bharatiya Janata Party has been expanding: on the one hand, the right-wing parent organization of Bharatiya Janata Party, the National Volunteer Service Corps (RSS), used its peripheral social organizations such as the All India Student Union (ABVP) and the World Hindu Lent (VHP) to launch propaganda, and besieged social forces opposed to Hindu right-wing politics on the grounds of "anti-state" since Modi came to power. In 2016, in line with the accusation of the Ministry of the Interior on the "incitement crime" of the left-wing students of Nehru University, they launched a network encirclement and suppression of Nida; Over the years, they have been besieging famous non-Hindu Bollywood actors, including Aamir Hussain Khan. The last time was in October 2021, Aamir Hussain Khan was regarded as an "anti-Indian" and was cursed to "go back to Pakistan" for posting a tweet calling for environmental protection and public morality during Hindu Diwali and not to set off fireworks on the road. Although many people in the society ridiculed these cyber violence as the work of Modi’s "Bhakt" (devout believers), there is obviously a special organization and coordination work behind it. The Bharatiya Janata Party even appointed Tajinder Pal Singh Bagga as the spokesman of the Bharatiya Janata Party in Delhi. This gentleman is famous for violently humiliating anti-Indian people in various languages on the Internet. To some extent, the Indian Party gave him a post as a reward for his "public opinion firepower".

On April 3, 2021, in Buer, Saunal, India, Indian Prime Minister Modi held a rally during the parliamentary election campaign in West Bengal, and supporters of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) wore Modi’s mask.

The latest investigation report on the "TekFog" app confirms the real existence of these public opinion techniques. It can even be seen that the Bharatiya Janata Party’s public opinion offensive has "evolved" into a more high-tech approach, and it has skillfully cooperated with large enterprises, no longer relying entirely on the rumors of "sea tactics" and "network water army".

In The Wire’s investigation, the reporter found that the operation of this APP was suspected to involve two companies.

One is Persistent Systems, a joint venture between India and the United States. The company advertised that its founder Anand Bundhit had returned to India from Silicon Valley out of patriotism. The company itself has received many overseas investments including Twitter. Its main business is in the United States, with revenue exceeding $500 million per year. Since 2015, this company has won several information engineering bids. For example, in 2018, the Indian Ministry of Health and Family Welfare chose them to develop a personal health data system covering ten states. The Wire’s investigation found through informants that the company’s intranet has "Tek Fog" operating project documents. Although its spokesman said that "Tek Fog" has nothing to do with the company.

Another company is the popular local social platform "ShareChat" in India. This is the largest non-English social media in India at present. It claims to have nearly 200 million potential users in more than 14 languages in second and third tier cities. The Wire survey found that "Tek Fog" system can manipulate a large number of fake accounts on ShareChat and publish a large number of so-called "community content" in Hindi, Marathi and other languages, among which there are a lot of hate speech. Many similar remarks were first published on ShareChat, and then moved to other social platforms. Although ShareChat’s operation team denies its relationship with TekFog, in recent years, its team has repeatedly expressed its willingness to attract political parties to its own platform-bringing traffic and spreading political information.

In addition, the investigation team also found that Tek Fog can "hijack" some deactivated accounts of other social media. For example, its operators will secretly "hijack" accounts by posting videos with Trojans to some WhatsApp (Facebook’s communication software) accounts. After users of these accounts log out or change their mobile phones, they will use this account to post fake news and various public opinion propaganda information to their friends.

What is even more surprising is that in India, a populous country with a large labor reserve, the technology of "Tek Fog" is very intelligent. The investigation team found that the news generation function of artificial intelligence (even with American artificial intelligence news technology such as OpenAI or more advanced CTRL) may be added to the operation of this APP: automatically generate news pages with modified titles and contents that look unusually "real". For example, a news report that "communication software encourages right-wing extremism" can be changed to the title and content of "communication software encourages left-wing terrorism" and then pushed in large quantities. The information receiver who doesn’t pay close attention can’t see that this is fake news at all.

Further investigation by The Wire found that the "Tek Fog" APP and its operation team participated in many language violence incidents on the Internet in recent years. And many of its functions are specially designed for this kind of "cyber bullying". It can push insulting language generated around certain keywords for specific groups-for example, when its operators need to insult female journalists according to the deployment, they will select the tag combination of women and journalists in the list, and then the system will automatically appear words such as "Pakistani guy", "tits" and "randi", which can quickly generate large-scale push of insulting content. For example, according to The Wire reporter’s statistics, in May 2021, of the 4.6 million social media messages targeted at 280 most famous female journalists in India, more than 800,000 (more than 18%) were pushed by Tek Fog. Moreover, this software played an important role in the stigma of "bringing virus into India" against Muslims in 2020 and the ethnic violence in Delhi.

The media’s revelation of Tek Fog may be just the tip of the iceberg, but it makes people see the efficient combination of the right-wing religious nationalism politics of the Bharatiya Janata Party, high-tech enterprises and even the Internet platform. Many functions of Tek Fog are built on the GoogleSheet service provided by Google. The technology platform suspected of supporting its operation accepted the investment from Twitter. In recent years, many reports have pointed out that the Bharatiya Janata Party and the National Volunteer Service Corps are developing their own organizations and teams in India’s electronic technology industry. In IT companies in Bangalore and other places, there are volunteer service groups similar to "fellowship" that regularly carry out activities to combine the daily life of the emerging middle class. With the continuous consolidation of Modi’s government position, Internet companies supported by financial capital have also formed alliances with Modi’s government’s political interests-"Persistant Systems" and "ShareChat" are both such examples-Modi’s government has helped Indian local Internet companies to crack down on foreign competitors and let the former occupy more markets. Local Internet companies help Modi government attract foreign investment into India, and at the same time help Modi’s political party to crack down on opponents and consolidate its ruling position with their own technology.

However, even if media reports point out that such an APP exists, Modi and his political forces can completely ignore it-as long as these public opinions do not hurt their votes, they will not pose a real blow to them. In the Pegasus monitoring software scandal in 2021, Modi’s government was exposed to use the monitoring system of Israeli companies to monitor opposition politicians and social people who were dissatisfied with its governance. At that time, Indian society was in an uproar, but the Modi government did not say much, and this incident did not make Modi’s administration encounter a crisis.

The Wire’s two-year investigation report on Tek Fog also reminds us that in recent years, people regard the extreme right wing or alternative right wing in Europe and America as a serious phenomenon and the most "cutting-edge" political issue. But what people may not realize is that in the former "third world" countries like India, the combination of technology and right-wing politics is actually more radical. In such an environment, once the combination of capital and technology and right-wing politics is not checked and stopped, its social and practical impact may be even more amazing.

What does it take to drink a mouthful of mineral water？ The reporter explored the only source of mineral water in Shenzhen.

Shenzhen News Network September 5, 2023(Shenzhen Evening News reporter Wu Jie intern Tan Jia Chen Siyi/Wen Yan Wen Ting/photo) In the early morning, it was drizzling, and there were seven wells scattered at the foot of Lion Mountain in Baoan District, Shenzhen. With the intermittent sound of rain, the water in the well is slowly flowing to a production workshop of mineral water source. After 14 processes, such as coarse filtration, fine filtration and inspection, cans of bottled water were loaded on transport vehicles and sent to thousands of households in Shenzhen.

Recently, a reporter walked into Shenzhen Yiliquan Beverage Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Yili") late at night to visit the only mineral water source with mining license in Shenzhen (Qiniang Mountain Mineral Water Plant has been closed). In this factory area of 1.142 square kilometers, 90% is a water source protection area. The water source here belongs to metasilicic mineral water, and the metasilicic acid content is more than 40MG/L, which is 60% higher than the national standard. In this precious water source, a group of "water conservation people" have been silently guarding it.

Fully sealed transportation creates "safe water"

The factory produces over 120,000 tons of mineral water every year.

Chen Jiali, 50, is responsible for the exploitation and daily maintenance of seven wells in Yili Water Source Protection Area. In 2005, he was selected to join the water resources exploitation and conservation team. Since then, it has become Chen Jiali’s daily work for 18 years to record the water level, flow rate, conductivity, water temperature and other well operation parameters of each well, check the facilities and environmental sanitation of the well, adjust the water yield, inspect the water source and send water samples to the laboratory.

On September 4, Chen Jiali, wearing labor insurance shoes and a straw hat, walked on the road to the source of mineral water with a bunch of keys. After the rain, the soil was filled with faint fragrance, and the branches and leaves on both sides of the path were hung with rain. Standing at the entrance of the water source, a tall iron gate blocked the way. Chen Jiali said that only this key in his hand can open the front door in the whole factory. After opening two protection doors in succession, the reporter saw late at night that a locked well house came into view, which was one of the wells in the mineral water source.

What about water? Opening the last iron gate is different from the traditional well where the water is gurgling. There is no "shadow" of a drop of water in the well room, and no sound of water can be heard. "The process from the extraction to the transportation of mineral water is completely sealed. A 0.22um (micron) respirator is installed on the well, and even the air must be filtered before it can enter the well." Chen Jiali explained that there were no water pipes on the road from the water source to the factory, but all the water pipes were laid in special underground canals. These water sources will flow to the production workshop. After going through layers of procedures and strict inspection, they can be sent to people’s homes.

According to reports, at present, Yili Lion Mountain Factory is responsible for the production of bottled water, with a production line that produces more than 120,000 tons of mineral water every year. It is the water conservation personnel, water quality monitors, assembly workers, transport drivers and other grass-roots water guardians like Chen Jiali who jointly guard this mineral water source, so that citizens can drink "safe water".

Mineral water needs 20 years of natural purification of rock strata.

Water production goes through 14 processes and checks at different levels.

A high-quality and safe mineral water, which flows out of the mountain rocks and reaches the citizens, needs to go through many checkpoints. Wu Zhizhong, from Ji ‘an, Jiangxi Province, is the director of Yili. After graduating from university majoring in food, he has been engaged in the management of mineral water industry for 30 years. He is the gatekeeper of mineral water quality assurance.

Recently, the reporter came to the workshop of Yili Mineral Water Plant late at night to see that the assembly line was running slowly and the workers were making bottled water in an orderly way. There are 14 processes from disinfection inside and outside the empty barrel, washing with the cover removed, online monitoring of ozone content in mineral water, random sampling of water quality, filling of qualified mineral water … to the final laser scanning of the bar code of the barrel.

"We strictly control every process. Whether it is source water, process water, finished water, or the environmental sanitation of the production workshop, there are staff online monitoring at all times, just to ensure the same quality of each barrel of water. " Director Wu said.

Late at night, the reporter saw at the scene that the bottle body of each barrel of water has an "ID card". The public can know the specific production time of this barrel of water by scanning, so as to distinguish the authenticity. At the same time, the factory can also trace the source through this "ID card".

"After the surface water seeps into the ground, it will be purified by the rock strata in the long underground deep circulation to form mineral water, which takes about 20 years." Director Wu stood in front of a well, stroking ancient rocks, and told reporters late at night that among all kinds of water, natural mineral water is a scarce natural resource, and there are three main criteria for judging high-quality mineral water sources: first, the ecological environment is good, second, the water quality is excellent, and third, the water quantity is large.

In order to make good use of every drop of precious natural mineral water resources in the production process, Yili mineral water aims at green mines, and the recycling rate of mineral water is 100%, ensuring the sustainable development and utilization of drinking natural mineral water resources.

In Shenzhen, a rapidly developing modern city, the only mineral water source being mined is precious. "The ecological environment of the water source is the lifeline. Only when the local ecological environment is good can we embark on a sustainable development path." Director Wu said that in the future, he will patrol the water source with more water source guardians to ensure that the water source is not damaged by wildlife and human activities, so that citizens can drink high-quality natural "safe water".

Script killing： Top stream content creators earn tens of thousands of dollars a month, which will become normal entertainment in the future.

　　According to the interviewee, the "4D" screen script against the horizon kills the picture.

　　The "script killing" that arose in China at the end of 2016 has gone through three or four years. This emerging thing, which is called by the industry as "containing tens of billions of market scale and nearly 10 million consumers", has also attracted wide attention.

　　At the 3rd Chengdu (International) Digital Entertainment Expo (IGS Expo), which opened in Chengdu on October 1st, a number of domestic script-killing related practitioners gathered. Chengdu Business Daily-Red Star journalists talked with many people in the industry on the spot to get a glimpse of the new trends in the industry.

　　Some people say that script killing has ushered in the "3.0" era, and the content has not only been iteratively updated, but also the gameplay and scenes are more diverse.

　　Another phenomenon is that more and more C-end players have penetrated into the middle and upper reaches of the industry, and some players have become content creators. Someone revealed: "It is normal for top-stream content creators to earn tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands a month." There are also players who team up to change careers collectively, starting from the middle reaches of the industry and testing new ways of playing and new scenes.

　　Script killing entered the "3.0" era.

　　Content, gameplay, and scenes have been iterated.

　　"Script killing has entered the 3.0 era, and there have been iterations in the fields of script content and gameplay." At the event site, Lin Bo, the public relations director of the headquarters of Sanqian World Culture Media Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Sanqian World") told reporters. Sanqian World is a local enterprise in Chengdu, which was established in 2017. Its business system covers the entire industrial chain of offline story interactive games, involving content creation, script distribution, store management and other businesses.

　　Taking the 1.0 era three years ago as an example, Forestry Bo said that in terms of scripts, the basic conditions for composing a high-quality script in the 1.0 era are: a complete story composed of a reasonable case combined with complex character relationships. However, with more and more audiences and more mature markets, players are not simply satisfied with the needs of the script game form (that is, a pure reasoning game), and have higher requirements for the story content.

　　Diversification, upgrading and iteration are also the views of Liu Cong, co-founder of Inverse Vision. Inverse Vision is an industry service provider with independent research and development of the curtain system, mainly focusing on high-quality script content, upgrading the immersive space entertainment experience driven by technology, and serving the script killer.

　　The reporter experienced the "4D" curtain script killing against the horizon at the scene. It’s a closed space, with four walls forming a ring curtain. In the center of the space, there is an interactive desktop screen. When playing games, players sit around the table. As the story progresses, the table will show a functional picture to promote the story, and players can interact with it. The sound and LED light at the top will also change with the needs of the story link, reflecting the synchronization effect of sound, light and electricity.

　　"The player experience affects the direction of the industry, and upgrading the player’s game experience is our original intention to build this project." Liu Cong said that Inverse Vision is a new branch of the industry, which mainly cooperates with the content exporters in the script killing industry. Through the secondary curtain content creation of the high-quality script promoted by the issuer, it will be promoted to offline stores.

　　"The script has both content and form. It can combine all walks of life, such as cultural tourism, to revitalize young people’s cognition of traditional industries. It can also be combined with education and other industries to entertain and educate. " Forestry Bo believes that script killing is the starting point of offline immersive entertainment, and it can carry more scenes and play more functions in the future.

　　Immersive entertainment is also the starting point of the three thousand worlds. Three Thousand Worlds had previously cooperated with the relevant departments of Luodai ancient town, and created a 100-person-scale script killing project "The World in the Late Han Dynasty" in Luodai ancient town. Indoor, they also created a super immersive theater "Qing Ming", which is an experience mode that combines the form of desktop script killing with the characteristics of secret room games.

　　"This game can have multiple endings, and the player’s decision may affect the plot direction and even the ending. This model has also made ‘ Have a fever ’ Player ‘ Brush more ’ The possibility is more commercial than the traditional script. "

　　It is normal for top stream content creators to earn tens of thousands of dollars a month.

　　But excellent authors are hard to copy.

　　Forestry Bo believes that at present, script killing has formed a relatively perfect ecological system, that is, script creators, script publishers and offline stores have built up the upper, middle and lower reaches respectively. Script creators create scripts, script publishers distribute and promote scripts and sell them to offline stores, which then push scripts to players.

　　From the perspective of industrial chain, content creators are the bottom of the supply chain. At present, there are two business models of creators: one is "buyout", that is, paying the creators a fixed price; The other is "sharing", which gives the creator a certain proportion of the sales according to the transaction.

　　According to the average level in the industry, the current buyout purchase price is generally concentrated in the range of 0.7-15 thousand yuan, while the sharing ratio between the sharing method and the creator is 3: 7 to 5: 5. At present, the price of boxed scripts is in the range of 300-700 yuan, while the city-limited and exclusive price will reach 2,000-5,000 yuan.

　　Then, does the "script killing content creators with a monthly income of 100,000" circulating in the industry really exist?

　　"For the top flow, it is normal to enter tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands a month." Another industry insider, who did not want to be named, said that most top authors are the signboards of the corresponding issuers. "They may be able to produce a work that can make a profit of one or two million in a month." And some content creators who are good at business may also integrate creation and distribution, which is likely to develop into an industry leader.

　　On the other hand, from the perspective of cooperation mode, there are three ways of cooperation between 3000 World and content creators: collecting manuscripts from the society, signing up teams and cultivating fixed teams by themselves. As far as forestry blog is concerned, because of the low industry threshold, content creators are also emerging in large numbers.

　　So, will there be a surplus of scripts?

　　He denied the reporter’s statement. "At present, the market consumes scripts much faster than the output of scripts, and the market is still in short supply." The reason is that for the store, the script killing is basically a "one-time consumable", and the store needs to constantly "update". And this new speed in the world is basically 5-7 new scripts a month.

　　"But a top-stream content creator is hard to copy." He said that a good script must be both story-telling and game-playing, and a script should be popular, and the comprehensive factors are complex, and it cannot be discussed only by the content quality. Some people in the industry are trying to sort out the literacy and writing skills of a good script, and they are also considering whether they can form a template for mass production. But at present, these attempts have not been effective, because "no matter the quality or speed of creation, the creators are unstable." We all know that even if it is hot now ‘ Popular fried chicken ’ The next work may not guarantee the quality of this output. "

　　Players are infiltrating the middle and upper reaches of the industry.

　　In the future, script killing will become normal entertainment.

　　Another phenomenon observed by the reporter is that more and more C-end players and outsiders have also made their debut in groups and even penetrated into the middle and upper reaches of the industry.

　　In forestry blog’s view, players are the most important link in the whole industrial ecological chain and an "energy reserve pool". "A player may become an author, or a publisher may work closely with the author, or he may become a shopkeeper." Some of the content creators who cooperate with them are such players.

　　This phenomenon has also been confirmed in the team of Inverse Vision. Liu Cong’s team comes from all walks of life, such as directing, film and television, software and hardware technology development and so on. The founding team got to know each other because they loved to play scripts, and finally formed a group to "debut".

　　Regarding the future of the industry, both of them expressed optimism: "Relevant reports show that script killing is an offline consumption scene second only to sports and fitness and movies. It is foreseeable that script killing will become a standardized and normalized entertainment in the future." (Reporter Peng Xiangping)

How to distinguish between gambling machines and game machines？ Tampering with machine programs or committing crimes.

　　At the beginning of this year, the Ministry of Public Security deployed public security organs across the country to further crack down on illegal gambling activities, demanding that we should fight early, fight small, and fight constantly.

　　However, in some areas, driven by high profits, some lawless elements secretly gamble on their own under the guise of game machines. Due to the lack of sufficient discrimination against gambling, many game participants unconsciously fall into it.

　　So, as an ordinary consumer, how to distinguish between gambling machines and game machines? What are the social hazards of gambling game halls hidden in back streets and alleys? Recently, a reporter from the Legal Daily conducted an interview.

　　□ Our reporter Zhan Haifeng

　　Our correspondent Jia Weimin

　　Recently, in the corner of the garbage power plant in Fuling District, Chongqing, under the witness of dozens of people, more than 140 "game machines" were smashed and smashed.

　　These seemingly ordinary game machines actually have gambling functions similar to those of various gambling machines such as "turning machines" and "slot machines".

　　Carry out a full chain attack on gambling crimes

　　At about 3: 00 pm on June 5, less than an hour after receiving the report from the masses, Fuling police thundered and investigated a den suspected of using gambling game machines to carry out illegal and criminal activities in a back street and alley in the jurisdiction, arrested 8 gambling participants, provided 3 gambling conditions, confiscated 8 gambling machines, and gambled more than 1,000 yuan. The police imposed public security penalties on those involved in the case according to law.

　　Fuling District, located in the middle of Chongqing, has jurisdiction over 27 towns and streets, and is a typical mountainous county. With the help of the special geographical environment, the practitioners of gambling game machines are lucky enough to deal with the public security organs, showing the characteristics of employees breaking up into parts to escape the blow and gambling places of gambling game machines being scattered and hidden. Fuling police found in their work that the illegal activities of gambling game machines are low in cost and considerable in income, and many offenders still take risks despite being arrested many times.

　　The police realized that if they want to eradicate the gambling game machine soil, they must give a full chain blow to the gambling "interest chain" — — From the producers and sellers of gambling game machines to those who provide gambling venues for gambling game machine operators, employees and "gamblers", we must dig deep into the source, crack down on it according to law, and pursue it to the end.

　　In a case announced by Fuling police, Qiu Mou, a criminal suspect suspected of opening a casino, Chen Mou, who sells machines, Mei Mou, a waiter in charge of collecting fees and distributing points for "guests" in the casino, and Qin Mou, a gambler, were all dealt with by the police according to law. Afterwards, the police also dug up a den for refitting and producing gambling machines, and destroyed a gambling machine manufacturer, sales system and gambling gang in one fell swoop, completely destroying a gambling machine industry chain.

　　After the gambling machine was destroyed on the same day, Wang Duo, deputy detachment leader of Public Security Detachment of Fuling District Public Security Bureau, told reporters that this move strongly conveyed the firm determination of the police to eradicate the cancer of gambling game machines.

　　By playing early and playing small, the spread of gambling game machines was quickly curbed, and the motivation of the masses to report was also enhanced. According to statistics, more than 80% of the illegal and criminal activities of gambling game machines investigated and dealt with by Fuling police were reported by the masses, and more than 95% of them were investigated and dealt with shortly after the opening of casinos.

　　Tampering with machine programs or committing fraud.

　　What is the essential difference between gambling game machines and ordinary entertainment game machines? What crimes may be involved in opening a casino with a gambling machine for profit? The reporter interviewed Fuling police and experts and scholars in criminal law for this purpose.

　　When it comes to the identification object and principle, Wang Duo said that electronic game machines set in entertainment places for others’ entertainment are the identification objects of gambling game machines. There are three principles for identification: the electronic game machines allowed to enter the market in the Catalogue of Market Access Models for Game Amusement Machines by the Ministry of Culture, and the electronic game machine "Zhongfu Online" allowed to gamble are generally not identified as "having gambling function"; Electronic game machines that have not been admitted by the cultural department or have been included in the Guidance Catalogue of Electronic Game Machines with Gambling Function by the public security department are generally recognized as "having gambling function"; Access models or "Zhongfu Online" electronic game machines are used by units or individuals for gambling or gambling operations to realize gambling, and are recognized as "having gambling function".

　　For gambling crimes involving slot machines and fishing machines, in 2014, the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate and the Ministry of Public Security jointly issued the Opinions on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in Handling Casinos with Gambling Machines (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions), which stipulates that if it is difficult to determine whether it is a gambling machine, the judicial organ may entrust the public security organ at or above the prefecture level to issue an inspection report; The judicial organ shall make a determination according to the inspection report and the specific circumstances of the case; When necessary, the people’s court may notify the inspectors to appear in court to explain. At the same time, Article 1 of the Opinions stipulates that setting up electronic game facilities and equipment with gambling functions such as returning coins, points and steel balls, and taking valuables such as cash and securities as prizes, or giving others valuables such as cash and securities to organize gambling activities in the form of repurchasing prizes, shall be deemed as "opening a casino" as stipulated in the second paragraph of Article 303 of the Criminal Law.

　　Ding Shengming, an associate professor of criminal law at Southwest University of Political Science and Law, believes that game machines and gambling machines are not exclusive, and gambling machines are conceptually a kind of game machines. As for the question of which game machines constitute gambling machines, referring to the normative documents in some areas, it can be generally considered that game machines that meet one of the following conditions should be regarded as gambling machines: those with the functions of withdrawing points, gaining points and adding points; Having the function of returning money, or having the functions of recharging, rebate, rebate, etc. with the same nature as returning money; Having the function of withdrawing steel balls; Having the function of selecting odds and making big bets with small odds.

　　Ding Shengming said that according to the Opinions and the relevant provisions of China’s Public Security Administration Punishment Law, the act of setting up game equipment such as slot machines and fishing machines belongs to the act of "opening a casino". If the circumstances are minor, it can be punished according to the Public Security Administration Punishment Law. If the circumstances are serious, it constitutes the crime of opening a casino.

　　Gong Jie, a teacher of chongqing technology and business university Law School, believes that the criminalization of gambling in China’s criminal law is not a one-size-fits-all model, but selective, and not all types of gambling are completely criminalized, which can be confirmed from the legislative provisions. Specifically, China’s criminal law only stipulates that gambling in groups or gambling as a profession for the purpose of making profits constitutes a gambling crime. In addition, it is stipulated that opening a casino constitutes the crime of opening a casino.

　　"It can be said that the criminal legislation of gambling crimes in China mainly targets the organizers of gambling activities, gamblers who open casinos and people who gamble." Gong Jie said.

　　In addition, Ding Shengming introduced that although the current normative documents identify the crimes related to setting up slot machines and fishing machines as the crime of opening casinos, in fact, the relevant criminals have basically tampered with the procedures of these machines and can artificially set the winning rate. Criminals often set the winning rate to be very high at first, so that guests can taste the sweetness and invest more chips, and then gradually increase the difficulty and reduce the winning rate, thus obtaining high profits.

　　"Gambling is essentially a random probability event. It is an event that can improve the winning rate through skills, but it cannot be manipulated. From this point of view, setting up slot machines and fishing machines that have tampered with the program is more in line with the characteristics of fraud. " Ding Sheng said.

　　The complexity of gambling machine identification affects law enforcement

　　Talking about the harm of gambling to individuals and society, Lin Mao, a lecturer of Jiangnan University Law School who studies sociology of law, believes that from the perspective of micro-individual development, gambling is a manifestation of individual’s deviation from self and social understanding. Gambling machine addicts, mainly young people, pin their lives on virtual games and try to realize the value of life through the profit of virtual games, which seriously damages individual mental health. The obstacle of interaction between individuals and real people in real life caused by online virtual interaction has become a common problem in the era of Internet machines. In addition, gambling itself destroys people’s willpower, and online gambling machines do endless harm to individuals and society. Gambling machine players are addicted to the game for a long time and ignore the interaction and communication with the people around them in the real world. In the face of the personal safety danger brought by gambling, they lack sufficient self-protection and social and family support, and lose their basic emotional ties. Such individuals are prone to extreme behavior when facing debts caused by gambling, which leads to social problems such as deviance and anomie, and undermines social stability and harmony.

　　Regarding the problems existing in law enforcement and judicature in cracking down on gambling, Gong Jie believes that the discussion on this issue in relevant theoretical research needs to be further deepened, providing necessary theoretical support for legislation, justice and law enforcement by public security organs. Ding Shengming also admitted that in the current judicial practice, gambling machine criminal gangs often do not adopt centralized delivery, but decentralized delivery and unattended. As a result, it is difficult for law enforcement agencies to investigate and deal with it, and most of them are subject to administrative punishment according to the Public Security Administration Punishment Law. In addition, due to the absence of detailed rules, the identification standards of gambling machines are complex and lack of clear operational standards, which also affects law enforcement activities to some extent.

　　"Therefore, law enforcement agencies should focus on cracking down on areas with high incidence of gambling machine crimes, especially focusing on destroying criminal gangs behind gambling machines. At the same time, relevant departments should formulate clear and detailed rules, such as stipulating the identification standards of gambling machines through normative documents, so that the law enforcement activities of law enforcement agencies can be based on evidence. " Ding Shengming said.

　　In this regard, Gong Jie also has similar views. He said that joint law enforcement should be organized to strengthen comprehensive management. The departments of industry and commerce, culture and public security should take the form of joint law enforcement, organize special inspections of gambling places where gambling machines may exist, such as game halls, teahouses and street shops, and intensify inspections. Investigate and deal with unlicensed operations, illegal operations, placing gambling machines, etc. in strict accordance with the law, focusing on investigating and dealing with possible darkrooms in game rooms and gambling game machines that may have switching functions.

　　In addition, Ding Shengming also suggested that relevant departments should strengthen legal education, so that ordinary people can realize the nature and harm of gambling machines, and realize that gambling machines are not ordinary game machines but a gambling trap, thus cutting off the breeding ground of gambling machine crimes at the root of consumption.

The color of ancient Chinese costumes was greatly appreciated. Which dynasty did you pick the most popular color？

No.3388 Cultural Industry Review

The blue word cultural industry reviews above the point pay attention to and star the standard.

China has great etiquette, so it is called summer; The beauty of the service seal is called China. From the color aesthetic orientation of traditional clothing in past dynasties, we can also see the cultural connotation of Chinese nation. The simplicity and naturalness of costumes in the Han dynasty were popular in Xuan, Chi, White and Green. In the Tang dynasty, the costumes were wrongly painted with gold, which was popular in crimson, crimson, bright yellow and turquoise; In Song Dynasty, the costumes were graceful and elegant, and were popular in light red, pearl white, light blue and light yellow. In the Yuan Dynasty, the costumes were golden and colorful, and they were popular in gold, Mongolian blue, grayish brown and green. Ming Dynasty costumes were luxurious and dignified, popular with scarlet, sapphire blue, grape purple and grass green; In the Qing Dynasty, the costumes were in full bloom, and apricot yellow, vermilion, azure and pale blue were popular. I can’t wait. Come and enjoy the popular colors of costumes in various dynasties with the writing! A big wave of beautiful costume pictures and color palette rushes to you!

author　| Laishipu

read and edit　| Min Lu (Assistant Research Fellow, Sanchuan Huiwen Tourism Research Institute)

edit　| Chen Hongwei

source　| Guochao Museum

The text is 6605 words | Estimated reading time is 17 minutes.

Chinese clothes are the epitome of Chinese civilization.

The color of traditional clothing is influenced by the theory of yin-yang and five elements, which can be divided into two parts.Blue, red, black, white and yellowFive colors. Different colors advocated by different dynasties reflect their dynasty characteristics.

The President selected the six most representative dynasties in ancient China:Han, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, analyzed their popular clothing colors.

Let’s take a look at what these popular colors have with the introduction of the president ~

　

the Han Dynasty/the Han nationality/Chinese (language)/man

Features: simple and natural

Popular colors: Xuan, Red, White and Green.

In 206 BC, the Han Dynasty was founded.

Influenced by the Taoist technique of Huang Lao advocated in the early Han Dynasty and Confucianism advocated in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and later, the costumes of the Han Dynasty pursued the "essential beauty" of one integrated mass.

△ Eastern Han mural

The clothing colors in Han Dynasty are mainly monochrome and monochromatic, and they advocate dim colors, which are dignified, simple and natural.

Clothing in the Han Dynasty carries the idea of "rule by courtesy and orthodoxy", and the fabric dyeing follows the belief of Yin and Yang and the five elements, and it is noble in dark color and vulgar in light color.

Fashion colors in this period are dark black, red, green and white with low lightness.

　

△ Fuxi map in the tomb of Buqianqiu

　black

After the Han dynasty destroyed Qin, according to the theory of five elements, it took the meaning that Qin destroyed Zhou and water overcame fire, and advocated water virtue.

Shuide is dark black. In the early Han Dynasty, dark black was the noblest color.

△ Han dynasty straight clothes

In the Book of Changes, the source of China culture, dark black was elevated to the status of "Heaven" and was the mother of all colors.

In Taoist thought, this theory was further developed:

Thousands of worlds originated from "Tao", and "Tao" showed the color of black, so the colorful of thousands of worlds grew out of black.

△ Eastern Han mural

Since the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, considering the five emperors in ancient times, the order of dynasty change was five elements, so the water virtue was changed to fire virtue, and the red color was taken as the top service.

Therefore, red became the most popular color in the Han Dynasty.

Therefore, the dresses of the Han Dynasty showed the characteristics of alternating red and mysterious.

Red also pinned the Han people’s desire for enlightenment and immortality.

The emperors of the Han Dynasty were keen to seek immortality, and imitating immortals with costumes was the most typical form of expression.

Immortal costumes pay equal attention to inflammation and red, and show awe-inspiring and inviolable momentum.

Nobles in the Han Dynasty like to wear red clothes, trying to imitate the charm of immortals.

△ Han dynasty skirt

white

In the Han Dynasty, white was a color that civilians could wear, and it was also the most commonly used color in clothing collocation.

　

It is natural, unpolished, with the most extreme simplicity and simplicity.

△ Han Xizai’s "Night Banquet Map" Part

White, as the most common popular color in the Han Dynasty, can best represent the ordinary people’s perception and understanding of life in the Han Dynasty.

It not only presents the beauty of the color of the costumes in the Han Dynasty, but also reveals the unique gentleness, gentleness, tolerance and atmosphere of the people in the Han Dynasty.

　

△ Han Dynasty winding clothes

　

green

Nearly half of the figures in Han Dynasty murals, both men and women, were dressed in green clothes, which reflected the popularity of green in Han Dynasty.

△ Han Dynasty murals

There is a poem in The Book of Songs, which says, "I am a green girl, and I am in my heart.". "Gnome" is the collar, and "green Gnome" refers to "the man in green clothes", which shows that the green shirt is the representative of a beautiful image in people’s minds.

△ Han Dynasty murals

In the Han Dynasty, the status of green is second only to red and mysterious, and it is also a color available to civilians, so it gradually became the popular color of clothing in the Han Dynasty.

In addition, green has a sense of peace visually, which accords with the charm of "purity" and "inaction" advocated in the study of Huang Lao advocated by Han Dynasty, and also accords with the beauty of "golden mean" in Confucianism.

△ Han Dynasty clothes

Tang Dynasty

　

Features: wrongly painted gold

Popular colors: crimson, crimson, bright yellow and turquoise.

Tang Dynasty’s clothing style is luxurious and elegant, with bright and bright colors, delicate and complicated patterns, and they like to use bright and contrasting colors to match, which embodies the characteristics of the inclusive and open era in Tang Dynasty.

In the Tang Dynasty, scarlet, bright yellow, crimson purple and turquoise were the most popular clothing colors.

△ Zhou Fang’s "Flower Lady’s Picture"

bright red

If the dynasty had color, Datang must be a delicate and charming color with red flowers and green willows.

Crimson is the most popular color in the Tang Dynasty, and it is often matched with the intermediate green, forming a huge contrast.

Women in this era pursue individuality, just as none of us want to bump shirts today.

△ Tang Zhangxuan’s "Mrs. Guo You Chuntu" part

Crimson color appears as the main color in the clothing of the Tang Dynasty, which is charming and dazzling. The warm color reflects the prosperity of the prosperous Tang Dynasty and is unforgettable at first sight.

△ Zhou Fang’s "Flower Lady’s Picture" Part

△ Zhou Fang’s "Flower Lady’s Picture" Part

dark reddish purple

Purple has always been the exclusive color of the nobility.

It is gorgeous, bright, pleasing to the eye, elegant and unconventional at the same time. It is loved by noble women in the Tang Dynasty and is often used in clothing collocation.

△ Princess Yongtai’s Tomb Mural

In the Tang Dynasty, crimson purple was often used to match with various colors.

In Zhou Fang’s "Picture of a Lady with Flowers", your daughter is dressed in a long red dress and covered with a purple-brown gauze blouse; It was draped in vermilion with a blue and white curly grass pattern. Purple shirt, red skirt and vermilion silk, balanced echo.

△ Zhou Fang’s "Flower Lady’s Picture" Part

bright yellow

In chromatography, yellow has the highest brightness, which is the color of the sun as the basis of life. It is bright and popular for a while.

In women’s clothing, it is the main color, with red, pink white, dark green, sapphire blue and other colors as harmony, which has the beauty of grandeur and blooming flowers.

△ Zhou Fang’s "Flower Lady’s Picture" Part

Pure and bright yellow is also respected by Buddhism, which is the sacred color of Buddhism. It is believed that it has the power to expel evil and is used by cassock.

In the period of Emperor Gaozong in the Tang Dynasty, it was considered that yellow was similar to the sun, and the sun was the symbol of the emperor. It was forbidden for officials and people to wear yellow, and ochre was designated as the special color for the emperor’s uniform.

dark green

Turquoise, as a popular color in clothing collocation in the Tang Dynasty, is often matched with scarlet, vermilion and white, and the colors contrast with each other and complement each other.

Turquoise, with its unique bright and fresh color expression, shows the vitality and vigor of the Tang Dynasty.

△ Tang Zhangxuan (biography) "Dao Lian Tu" (Song copy)

This three-color female figurine of Tang Dynasty, whose dress is mainly blue, green and yellow, is bright and natural in overall color.

△ Tang Sancai glazed pottery female figurines

the Song Dynasty; a surname

　

Features: graceful and elegant

Popular colors: light red, pearl white, light blue and light yellow.

The color characteristics of costumes in the Song Dynasty are simple and elegant, emphasizing the true colors and taking elegance as the priority.

The colors are on the high side, the purity is low, the application of contrast color is less, the colors are not as bright as before, and the color collocation is very harmonious.

Pale red, pearl white, light blue and light yellow are the favorite colors of Song people.

　light red

In Song Dynasty, the concept of "keeping justice and eliminating human desires" was emphasized, which suppressed human personality and restricted the color of clothing to the extreme.

In Song Dynasty, the colors of costumes were formal and conservative, and the colors were elegant and quiet. Even when using the most gorgeous red, they often used light red.

Ouyang Jiong once described a woman wearing a pomegranate skirt in He Ming Dynasty, which shows the graceful beauty: recalling the first meeting between flowers, the tea is half covered, and the makeup face is lightly turned. Pomegranate nepotism, so the delicate jade fingers are secretly twisted, double phoenix gold thread.

Song people don’t pursue the colorful flowers in the Tang Dynasty, but like to pursue changes in the same color system, and they prefer the elegance of white.

Besides pure white, I also like moon white, blue white, pearl white and pink white.

As Ge Zhaoguang said: "The Zhao and Song Dynasties are like the moonlight that can’t reach the full moon on the eighth day of the seventh day."

White is pure and moist, like moonlight and Song Dynasty.

Song people pay attention to "inner saints" in their costumes, and see their thoughts in details.

Song Renzong often wears a white round neck robe when he is in court. But it is not pure white, and it uses the color of silk thread to weave different patterns, making white rich in layers.

　

People often use "rubbing blue shirts and apricot skirts" to describe the temperament of Ya Song.

At the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, Margaret Lide of Britain also called China "a country wearing blue robes", which reminded people of the sentence in the Book of Songs that "blue will be adopted in the end".

These four words are so peaceful and simple, but they are flying like a clean and blue dream.

Light blue was very popular in the Song Dynasty, and it was the closest to a modest gentleman like jade. The natural beauty of simplicity, gentleness and idleness was rich and radiant.

Praise simplicity and elegance, and follow the path of all things.

△ "Song Renzong’s Back Sitting"

Song Taizu and Zhao Kuangyin planned the mutiny in Chen Qiao, added a yellow robe and founded the Northern Song Dynasty.

"Yellow robe" or "yellow dress" is regarded as a symbol of the emperor’s power, and the history and service records of Song Dynasty stipulate that ochre yellow and light yellow are the emperor’s special clothing colors.

Light yellow is used in women’s clothing, which naturally brings a little pride and beauty of a good family.

In Li Qingzhao’s ci, girls who "stop swinging and adjust their delicate hands carelessly", "see guests coming in, socks slip away" and "lean back against the door and smell their plums" should wear such a light yellow dress.

　

Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368)

　

Features: Gold and color are in harmony.

Popular colors: gold, Mongolian blue, grayish brown and emerald green.

The Yuan Dynasty is the most special era in ancient Chinese costumes, because it was a political power established by nomadic people in the northern grassland.

In the use of color, the Yuan Dynasty advocated nature aesthetically, and the popular colors were mainly gold, Mongolian blue, grayish brown and emerald green.

In the 13th century, Genghis Khan led Mongolian fighters and swept Europe and Asia with thunderous momentum.

Mongolian plateau gathers jewelry from all directions, gathers talents from all directions, and collects Chinese and foreign technology. Mongolian costumes have begun a new era of luxury and richness.

"Old clothes are inlaid with precious stones and pierced with gold ornaments" (The History of World Conquerors: Feini Zhi), which is characterized by elegance and jewels.

△ Yuanzu hunting map

In the Yuan Dynasty, the dignitaries loved weaving brocade and advocated using gold in their clothes to show their wealth and status.

The north is cold and short of water, and the surrounding colors are monotonous. Only the golden color like the sun’s rays brings a glimmer of life to people living in the local area.

△ Nashi braided robe in the period of ilhan State

Blue, called "Huhe" in Mongolian, is the color representing the Mongolians.

In the minds of Mongolians, blue symbolizes eternity, faithfulness and loyalty.

Early Mongolians liked blue and white, which is why blue-and-white blue-and-white porcelain flourished in the Yuan Dynasty.

△ Yuan Yan weaves the mandala after the Emperor.

In the primitive beliefs of Mongolians, they worship nature and the blue sky.

They believe that blue represents natural scenery, mountains and rivers, and symbolizes prosperity, beauty and verve.

Dark blue is the main color of men’s Mongolian robes.

Light blue and light blue Mongolian robes will also become the first choice for women in summer.

The Yuan Dynasty was a political power established by nomadic people, and animal fur was often used in costumes, so the colors were mostly gray taupe.

In addition, due to the strict grade requirements for clothing colors in the Yuan Dynasty, people are forbidden to wear bright colors such as brown yellow, willow green, red and white flashing colors, cockscomb purple, gardenia red and carmine.

Forced to be helpless, the color of folk costumes can only develop to taupe. Common colors are silver brown, tea brown, lilac brown and so on.

Green is a very special color. It is neither cool nor warm, and it belongs to the middle color.

As a nomadic people, Mongolians live by water and grass, advocating nature and respecting grasslands. As the main color of grassland, green has a special position in the minds of Mongolian people.

Therefore, green often appears as the main color of Mongolian robes.

In a place with four distinct seasons, seeing green is like seeing a rich grassland, giving people a sense of security, calmness and comfort.

Green environment means plenty of food and water, so the love for green has always been in the blood of Mongolian people.

bright

　

Features: luxurious and dignified

Popular colors: red, sapphire blue, grape purple, grass green.

In the Ming Dynasty, the Confucian moral thought of "propriety, music, benevolence and righteousness" was advocated, and the five colors were combined with "benevolence, virtue and goodness" and set as positive colors, which was a symbol of inferiority and rank.

Red, sapphire blue, grape purple and grass green are the most popular colors in Ming Dynasty.

△ Drawing a police map in the Ming Dynasty (partially) originated from "A General History of Clothing in China"

Clothing in Ming Dynasty inherited from Zhou and Han Dynasties and inherited from Tang and Song Dynasties. It has distinctive Chinese cultural characteristics and is a model of Chinese clothing, which has a wide and far-reaching influence on the clothing and aesthetics of later generations and neighboring countries.

The overall characteristics of Ming dynasty costumes are: paying attention to color matching, luxurious and dignified style, and strong sense of color layering.

In the Ming dynasty, fire was the king of the world, and the color was still red. As a positive color, red had a lofty position.

Red is a warm, impulsive and powerful color with the lowest frequency, longer wavelength and good diffraction ability in the visible spectrum.

　

△ Ming Dynasty big red dark flower yarn embroidered Yunhe square robe

　

In the visual sense, red has a strong spatial penetration ability, which is more eye-catching, and its color is like blood, which will form a visual sense of approaching.

The widespread use of red in the royal family shows the supremacy of the feudal ruling class.

△ Ming Dynasty big red makeup yarn cloud shoulder sleeve flying fish pattern gown (partial)

　

In the Ming Dynasty, the colors of the royal and noble costumes were bright and luxurious, mainly with high saturation colors such as big red, gold, yellow and crow green.

　

Since the Ming Dynasty, big red, as a symbol of life, enthusiasm, nobility and celebration, also known as China Red, has really penetrated into the context of Chinese culture.

△ Ming Xie Huan "Apricot Garden Elegant Collection"

In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the power of the ruling class was constantly weakened, people’s thoughts were gradually liberated, dyeing technology and dyes were developed unprecedentedly, and the colors of clothing were more gorgeous and bright, and there was a constant violation of color.

People began to use high-purity bright colors, among which blue with high saturation was particularly popular.

　

△ Ming Dynasty blue peony, miscellaneous treasure pattern, dark flower, silk weaving, gold makeup, Kirin filling women’s coat

In Chou Ying’s painting "The Map of Southern Metropolis" in the Ming Dynasty, scarlet and sapphire blue are the most conspicuous, and they set off each other and complement each other.

This painting also embodies the characteristics of colorful costumes in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.

　

△ Ming Chou Ying’s "Nandu Fanhui Volume"

　

The colors of folk costumes are mainly plain and elegant, and the colors commonly used by civilians are purple, green and light pink.

Purple is a combination of the coldest and warmest colors, which has a neutralization effect in clothing collocation. Therefore, purple is often the main color in civilian clothing, among which grape purple is the most popular.

In "A Beautiful Picture of a Thousand Years", the depiction of women’s clothing boldly adopts grape purple, lake green and other colors.

The strong color contrast highlights the strong "female consciousness" and the desire to break through the tradition and express themselves.

　

△ Ming Anonymous "The Beautiful Picture of a Thousand Years"

Green is a common color for civilians in all dynasties. With the development of spinning and dyeing technology, the saturation and brightness of green in Ming Dynasty costumes are higher, which makes them look fresh and bright.

In the Ming dynasty, dignitaries also liked to use cyan, green, red, black and gold as the main auxiliary colors.

Green with high saturation, as a popular color in Ming Dynasty, can best reflect the working people’s love for life and tenacious vitality in this period.

△ "Entering the Map" (partially) originated from "General History of China Clothing"

clean

Features: A hundred flowers blossom.

Popular colors: apricot yellow, vermilion, azure and pale blue.

　

The Qing Dynasty is an era with the greatest change in the history of Chinese clothing.

On the basis of retaining the traditional elements of the national costume, the costumes of the Qing Dynasty absorbed the elements of the Han nationality, forming a unique costume culture in the Qing Dynasty.

The popular colors of clothing in Qing Dynasty are apricot yellow, vermilion, azure and cyan.

In Chinese traditional culture, yellow, as a neutral color, is the first in Baise.

In Qing Dynasty, yellow was regarded as the sunshine color, which was bright and warm, and it was also considered as the golden color, which was both rare and precious.

△ During the Kangxi period, bright yellow satin embroidered colorful clouds, golden dragon mink inlaid with dragon skin and men’s robes.

Except bright yellow for emperors and queens, other yellows were widely used in Qing dynasty costumes.

　

△ During the Jiaqing period, a bright yellow gauze embroidered with colorful clouds, bats, gold dragons and women’s robes were placed in the court.

Different shades of yellow, or dignified, or delicate, or expensive, or lovely, are the warmest and brightest colors in Qing Dynasty costumes.

　

In the Qing dynasty, from the royal family to the common people, they all liked red and blue clothes the most.

True red is exclusive to emperors and queens, and other red colors are commonly used in clothing.

　

△ During the Jiaqing period, the red satin embroidered colorful clouds and the golden dragon pattern dyed the silver mouse leather-trimmed man with a robe.

In the costume culture of the Qing Dynasty, red represents happiness, solemnity, auspiciousness and happiness, and is also a symbol of identity.

△ During the Kangxi period, the red brocade was connected with the stone blue inch python, and the satin was clipped to the skirt.

Girls in the Qing Dynasty are happy in red.

Young women’s clothes are mostly pink and silvery red, while older women are happy with vermilion and scarlet.

　

　

Cyan is one of the important colors of Qing Dynasty costumes, which is between blue and green, and has the characteristics of crispness and cleverness.

The common color of civilian women’s clothing is cyan, and the color tone varies with age and occasion.

Blue symbolizes solemnity, strength and hope.

Traditional cyan has a unique artistic charm, which includes pink cyan, holly, bean cyan, azure and so on. These colors are widely used in Qing Dynasty costumes.

　

In the world of color aesthetics in Qing dynasty, blue is especially simple and elegant.

Among the blues, the lighter blue is called stealing basket, the heavier blue is called prison, the heavier blue is cyan, and the deepest blue is ultramarine.

△ During the Qianlong period, sapphire blue satin embroidered colorful clouds and golden dragon pattern men wore robes.

"Stealing baskets" comes from the color of the autumn sky.

This color, neither strong nor light, is like a girl’s grief, and it is a common color in young women’s clothing.

China was called Huaxia in ancient times, and it was named after its gorgeous clothes.

Looking at the leopard in the tube, we can also see the clothing aesthetics of each dynasty from it.

Natural, gorgeous, elegant, and elegant ….. all have their own charms.

Clothing culture is like a rhythmic life. By understanding its beating, we can grasp the pulse of the times.

The costume color of the Chinese nation, like Chinese and Chinese characters, has always flowed in the blood of the Chinese people and become a part of the cultural genes of the Chinese nation.

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Struggle for a century, set sail for a new journey ｜ ＂The masses take the initiative＂ and break into a new road of well-off society in an all-round way-Guanghan story, one of the birthplaces of rural

　　Guanghan City, Deyang City, Sichuan Province is one of the birthplaces of rural reform in China.

　　On the road of continuous exploration of reform and development, modern agriculture here is in the ascendant, and modern industries are constantly falling behind, keeping forging ahead.

　　And look at today’s comprehensive well-off Guanghan experimental field, which branches are competing to spit?

　　— — Liberate yourself from the ridge of the field

　　"In a word, hungry!" Ye Changli, a 71-year-old man from Liangshuijing Community, Jinyu Town, Guanghan City, said. More than 40 years ago, when he was a commune accountant, he shook his head when talking about the absolute egalitarianism of "big pot rice". If you don’t work hard, you will be hungry! "

　　At that time, farmers had no autonomy, so they had to listen to the instructions from above, missed the farming season and reduced production continuously. Guanghan has been a granary of Tianfu since ancient times, but local farmers are sallow and emaciated with hunger.　　

　　"Poverty is not socialism. At that time, the village party branch was under great pressure and called the members to grab the fields that the contracting commune ignored." Ye Changli recalled.

　　The ridge is about one meter wide and can grow some crops. Ye Changli caught four ridges and planted soybeans and peppers. For fear of being labeled as "capitalist tail", he worked in the dark early in the morning and was afraid to speak when he met acquaintances.

　　Beans were abundant, and he pushed tofu for the baby behind closed doors for the first time. Son Ye Wanjian licked the bowl and said, "It would be great to eat tofu every day!"

　　In October 1976, the Party Central Committee smashed the Gang of Four in one fell swoop. When the news came, people were jubilant, and grass-roots party committees were emboldened to lead the masses to reform together.

　　In 1977, the second squad of the fifth brigade of Guanghan Xigao Commune was divided into three operation groups, with joint production contracting and responsibility assigned to each group. As soon as the system was changed, the harvest soared from 220 thousand Jin to 430 thousand Jin. In 1978, Guanghan County Committee started a pilot project of production responsibility system in Goldfish Commune, which increased rice production by 5.2 million Jin!

　　In 1980, Guanghan was the first to take off the brand of People’s Commune.　

In April 1980, Xiangyang people officially took down the brand of "People’s Commune" and resumed the organizational system of "Xiangyang Township People’s Government". (Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Qiangang)

　　— — Upgrade the connection between farmers and land.

　　From land contracting to the rise of township enterprises, and then to the withdrawal of counties to set up cities and build development zones, Guanghan has been continuously reforming and developing for 40 years, especially farmers have experienced "land concentration, decentralization and re-concentration" and insisted on seeking truth from facts and keeping pace with the times.

　　Ye Changli, an old man, said that the "tide of working" that arose after the reform and opening up has driven farmers to work to earn money. His son Ye Wanjian is one of them. He works in the decoration industry in Chengdu and Deyang, earning four or five thousand yuan a month.

　　The income of migrant workers greatly exceeds that of farming, and some farmland has no race. Ye Changli is worried that "what does no one eat when farming?"

　　This is also the concern of party branches in various villages. In the Spring Festival of 2012, the Party branch of Shangyu Village in Jinyu Town invited Wu Daihua, a talented person who returned to his hometown, to be virtuous: "Don’t go, let’s transfer the land and do it!"

　　This year, Wu Daihua, who traveled all over the world and was well informed, was 50 years old. "Let’s try to transfer 120 mu of land first," he thought. The local government subsidized seed fertilizer to large grain growers, and he made a net profit of 100 thousand yuan when he settled accounts at the harvest that year!

　　"I earn a lot of money, and contractors earn a little money with 800 yuan transfer fee per mu, and the land is not abandoned. It’s really happy! So I expanded my scale year by year. " Wu Daihua said, "Now it’s all a phone call. The whole agricultural chain, such as seedling raising, water release, transplanting, management, harvesting, drying, warehousing and sales, has achieved door-to-door service, and agricultural insurance and protective price acquisition are at the bottom. Which farmer is not happy?"

　　When the land is concentrated, the small field becomes a big field. With Jinyu Town as the core, radiation has driven more than 100,000 mu of high-yield farmland around.

　　"It’s not unusual for drones to do farm work!" Wang Yi, secretary of the Party Committee of Jinyu Town, proudly said, "The connection between farmers and land has been upgraded. Ownership, contracting rights and management rights are separated. Machines work in the fields, and people pay dividends according to their shares, without delaying their work. The existing farmers’ deposits in our town are 1.55 billion yuan, and only 50 million yuan has been added in the first three months of this year! "

　　As a pilot county for the reform of rural collective property rights system in China, Guanghan completed the asset verification of 179 villages and 2,342 village groups in 2018, and 42 village groups completed the quantification of shares and issued 7,023 share certificates.

　　Courtyard coffee, homestay, country hot pot and other formats relying on rural assets are booming, people are famous, the scenery changes with the pace, villages are scattered in fields, small courtyards, bamboo forests and flowing water are everywhere … … Nowadays, in Guanghan, the demonstration of farming culture in the new era is taking shape.

　　— — Planning the frontier of a new era

　　In recent years, the CPC Central Committee has made major decisions such as the comprehensive innovation and reform pilot zone and the twin-city economic circle in Chengdu-Chongqing area. Guanghan stands in the heart of Sichuan’s "Deyang Mianyang" plain area and shoulders heavy responsibilities.

　　Here, the road network is dense, the logistics is developed, and it is around the clock.

　　The bullet train takes only 18 minutes from Chengdu East Station to Guanghan. Adjacent to Chengdu Qingbaijiang Railway Port, Central European trains run through Eurasia; In Asia No.1 Warehouse of JD.COM Park in Guanghan Industrial Development Zone, 60,000 packages … …

　　Here, science and technology are smart, people work hard and strive for the first place.

　　The export scale of "Guanghan-made" onshore oil drilling rig ranks among the top in China, and a number of equipment enterprises support domestic large aircraft; "Guanghan made" grain and oil has become a brand, and it has become the high-end oil for hot pot; A group of experts went deep into the farmhouse and wrote their papers on the rice fields; The pig farm adopts the intelligent system of "pig face recognition", and the insurance company has one-click remote counting and one-click insurance & HELIP; …　　

On the opening day of Sichuan International Aviation and Aerospace Exhibition in 2019, at Guanghan Airport in Deyang City, the British aerial fireworks display team flew over the audience. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Damon)

　　Facing the future, we plan the frontier and seize the opportunity.

　　Walking into the Civil Aviation Flight Academy of China in Guanghan, lean guys are training on the roller. "We are moving from an aviation power to an aviation power, and we must expand high-end formats such as low-altitude navigation, aviation meteorology and aviation maintenance!" Yang Degui, director of the Propaganda Department of the Civil Aviation Flight Academy of China, said that the aviation industry, as the frontier of opening up, has made preparations for related disciplines … …

　　Dongfeng has a letter, and the spring tide has arrived. The reform vitality of respecting the reality and following the law has been working for a long time in Guanghan, and it is constantly arousing people’s hard work and pursuing happiness.

What should I do if the color display of win11 new bug is abnormal？ Solution [Detailed explanation]

　　Although the interface of win11 system is cool, the corresponding bugs are also emerging one after another. Today, there is another bug of color display. Here are the details of the abnormal color display of win11 new bugs, so that everyone can better understand it.

　　1. Using image editor and other programs in win11 system will encounter the problem of color rendering, and the related colors cannot be rendered correctly in the display.

　　2. When editing a pure white or light background picture, you will observe that there is a color error, and the picture may be displayed as bright yellow and other colors.

　　3. According to the reality of Microsoft, win32 api will encounter this kind of similar bug when it returns abnormal information or an error occurs under certain conditions.

　　4. This is a problem of the system itself, so updating the application cannot be solved, and this bug will not affect all color management programs.

　　5. In the second half of January 2022, the new win11 version will solve these similar rendering problems.

　　6. In addition to these, there are other bugs in the win11 system. Some users said that the cumulative update could not be applied, and the patch could not be installed and there was a mysterious error message.

How much do you know about the background story of ＂Hunting in the Air＂？


1905 movie network news 2017 is a big year for audiences who love war movies. The appearance of the movie has boosted the box office of China mainland to an unprecedented height, and also let everyone see the potential of domestic main melody films. Later, it was shown in the mainland, showing the individual’s experience in the war, and the smoke of war decades ago reappeared on the screen. In contrast, aiming at the eleventh gear is a sword on the side, which shows the People’s Air Force under the background of the new international situation and the information age for the first time, and also shows the equipment development and actual combat capability of the People’s Air Force in the past five years.

　

　

As the first work directed and performed by Jerry Lee, Hunting in the Sky tells the story of the squadron of "Overlord Sirius" which gathers the elite of the air force, and is ordered to attack bravely in the face of the crisis when terrorists from neighboring countries control the missile well and take China citizens hostage. Among them, the emotional line between Jerry Lee and Fan Bingbing runs through from beginning to end, and transnational joint anti-terrorism and assistance to China citizens are also displayed in great length.

　

The main performance of "Hunting in the Air" is air force pilots, and air combat is the biggest attraction of this film. The main aircraft types of the Air Force, such as J -20, J -11B, J -10C, Yun -20, Air Police 500, Zhi -8, Zhi -9, etc., appeared in a concentrated manner, among which J-20 appeared in a fighting posture for the first time, and J -10C and Mirage 2000 confronted each other in complex terrain, and all kinds of difficult tactical actions were very enjoyable.

　

For war-themed works, if you don’t know much about the background knowledge of the film, the viewing effect will be greatly reduced, and the little knowledge behind the film "Hunting in the Air" is actually more interesting.

　

　

Military uniform: 17-style flight suit, 07-style military uniform, camouflage uniform.

　

Whether in the film or at the press conference, Li Chen is wearing a new flight suit that has not yet been installed. This gray-green one-piece flight suit looks simple and beautiful, and its subordinate troops are marked in an eye-catching position on the chest, which is obviously different from the current Type 02 flight suit in terms of color and style.

　

In a scene of parachute training in desert area, Jerry Lee, wearing a 17-style flight suit, was able to move freely after landing. He used his running track to write down the coordinate orientation of "South Mountain South" in the navigation system, which showed that this one-piece flight suit was light and convenient for pilots to move in a narrow cockpit.

　

　

At the same time, there is also a winter flying leather coat that is different from the current equipment, and there is an obvious hook and loop combination of rank and name on the chest of the leather coat. There is also a pocket with zipper above the left arm for convenient storage. This flying leather coat is more like a symbol of the membership of Batian Wolf Squadron in the film, which belongs to the fiction in the film.

　

　

The 07 navy uniform was briefly introduced in Wolf Warriors 2, and the 07 air force uniform was also shown in more space in Hunting in the Air. According to the rank configuration, the role played by Wang Xueyin, an old opera player, is the highest. When entering the command center, Wang Xueyin appeared in a uniform coat. This coat is designed with hidden buttons and a belt at the waist, which is simple and generous. Comparing the uniforms of Wu Xiubo, Fan Bingbing and others, it will be found that Wang Xueyin’s big-brimmed hat is equipped with golden ribbons and brim flowers, while the ribbons of field officers and commandant officers are light blue.

　

　

As the representative of the female soldier image in the film, Fan Bingbing appeared in the camera with the unique rolled-off hat of female soldiers, and sat under the stage with the captain’s epaulettes to listen to the speech of the senior colonel played by Wu Xiubo.

　

In camouflage clothing, there are three kinds of undistributed equipment in "Hunting in the Sky": desert camouflage, blurred edge camouflage and snow camouflage. Among them, snow camouflage adds light gray to the white background, which is convenient to blend in with the surrounding environment.

　

　

According to the different environment, the airborne soldiers use the camouflage with blurred edges in the film, which can play an excellent camouflage effect in the dark.

　

Noun explanation: Barents sea scalpel with gold helmet

　

　

When recruiting excellent pilots to join the "Sirius" squadron, Wang Qianyuan repeatedly emphasized the golden helmet pilots, and the so-called golden helmet was actually a flying skill competition award set up by the China Air Force. As an annual competition, the pilots who compete in air-to-air competitions every year will get the physical reward of the golden helmet, which symbolizes the highest honor of the pilots and is also an affirmation of their ability.

　

　

When Wang Qianyuan was teaching students the history of war, he used Jerry Lee to intercept enemy fighters and compared it with the scalpel incident in Barents Sea. As the most famous Soviet air collision case during the Cold War, the Barents Sea scalpel incident has been mentioned many times. In 1987, the Norwegian Air Force’s P-3B anti-submarine patrol aircraft encountered a Soviet Air Force Su -27 fighter and was damaged by the other side’s vertical tail. According to the disclosure afterwards, the aerial contest consisted of three rounds and lasted for 17 minutes.

　

Main aircraft types: J -20, J -11B, J -10C, Yun -20, Air Police -500, Mirage 2000, Zhi -8 and Zhi -9.

　

　

"Hunting in the Air" is also a concentrated display of China Air Force equipment. The appearances of J -20, J -11B, J -10C, Yun -20, Air Police 500, Zhi -8 and Zhi -9 are dizzying, among which Yun-20 and J-20 appeared in front of the audience for the first time in a fighting posture. On the day before the film was released, a spokesman for China’s Ministry of National Defense said at a regular press conference of the Ministry of National Defense that the J -20 had been equipped with troops, which showed that this fighter had been finalized and entered the stage of small-scale production.

　

　

J -11B is the fighter plane that entered Mabu for the first time to perform its mission, with Wang Qianyuan as the leader and Jerry Lee as the wingman. After encountering the Sam -6 anti-aircraft missile controlled by terrorists, he made a wonderful escape. Finally, Jerry Lee accelerated to climb up after receiving the instructions, and Wang Qianyuan’s landline was damaged by the missile, and he himself was seriously injured in the eye.

　

　

A set of "combination boxing" appeared when the fighter plane was damaged and attacked Mabu again. Rainbow -5, a new UAV developed in China, cooperated with J -10C and Air Police -500 early warning aircraft mounted with Eagle Strike 91 anti-radar missiles, and Yun -20, which can perform long-distance air transportation tasks, and finally eliminated the terrorists entrenched in Mabu.

　

　

In the performance of foreign fighters, Mirage 2000 and F-15 appeared, among which the confrontation between J -10C and Mirage 2000 machine gun developed by France became the biggest highlight, and the picture of the confrontation between the two fighters in the valley was unforgettable.

　

　

In the film, Fan Bingbing plays a pilot who mainly flies a helicopter to perform a search and rescue mission. In the first mission to rescue people trapped by mudslides, Zhi -9 appeared, and the last mission was to drive Zhi -8.


Zhi -8 is a multi-purpose helicopter with many improved models, which was used to carry China citizens in Mabu in "Hunting in the Air". It can be clearly seen that the excellent transport capacity of Zhi -8 makes the overseas evacuation of overseas Chinese by the Air Force go smoothly, and it is also relatively smooth to travel through the complex terrain in mountainous areas. After terrorists from Mabu took the Mirage 2000 to aim at Zhi -8 on the way home, Jerry Lee made the decision of plane collision without ammunition.

Zhi -9 is a picture when the film begins to introduce Fan Bingbing who joined the Batianlang team. When the mudslide rushed to the primary school, Zhi -9 hovered over the target building and rescued the victims through ropes at the last minute.

　

Other equipment: reconnaissance robot, Bobcat ATV, Land Shield 2000 air defense system.

　

　

In the film, there are also brief pictures of reconnaissance robots, Bobcat ATVs, Land Shield 2000 air defense systems and other equipment, among which the domestic Bobcat ATVs with compact design and excellent handling performance performed well. This kind of car is used by airborne troops in the film, and it can gallop after carrying six passengers, which plays an auxiliary role in eliminating terrorists.

　

　

Land Shield 2000 air defense system appears in the film, which is used for terminal defense of the airport and can effectively intercept low-altitude targets such as air-to-ground missiles, cruise missiles and helicopters.

　

"Hunting in the Air" shows a lot of air force equipment for the first time, which is unforgettable. It is also a film that once again shows the image of China’s contemporary soldiers on the screen after the appearance of "Wolf Warriors 2", which triggered the topic. It has played an important role in establishing the image of contemporary China soldiers, enhancing people’s patriotic enthusiasm, and letting more and more audiences see the potential of China’s main melody films.