分类： cc

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, January 2nd Title: Promote the continuous improvement of ecological environment quality — — Huang Runqiu, Minister of Ecology and Environment, talks about the starting point of environmental protection in the 14 th Five-Year Plan

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Gao Jing

　　The curtain of the 14th Five-Year Plan has been opened. In the next five years, where is the focus of China’s ecological environmental protection work? Peak carbon dioxide emissions, how to promote carbon neutrality? Xinhua News Agency interviewed Huang Runqiu, Minister of Ecology and Environment.

　　"Blue sky and white clouds have become frequent visitors to the circle of friends to take photos"

　　Reporter: 2020 is the closing year of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan. What kind of report card has China’s ecological environmental protection handed over?

　　Huang Runqiu: Generally speaking, the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" is the five years that have achieved the greatest improvement in ecological environment quality and the best development of ecological environment protection. The people’s sense of acquisition, happiness and security have been significantly enhanced, and the ecological environment goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way has been completed on schedule with high quality.

　　The nine binding indicators of ecological environmental protection and the phased objectives and tasks of pollution prevention and control determined in the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" have been fully overfulfilled. The three major defense battles of blue sky, clear water and pure land have achieved remarkable results.

　　The improvement of air quality is obvious to all, and the blue sky and white clouds have become frequent visitors to the circle of friends. By the end of December 2020, the proportion of excellent days in cities at or above the prefecture level in China was 87%, which was 2.5 percentage points higher than the target of the 13th Five-Year Plan. This is not easy.

　　So far, there has been no heavily polluted weather in Beijing this autumn and winter, and it has ushered in excellent days for more than 40 days in a row, which is called "Beijing Blue". This is the first time since PM2.5 was recorded in Beijing, which fully reflects the effectiveness of the battle against pollution.

　　The proportion of black and odorous water bodies in cities at prefecture level and above in China has reached 98.2%, and the "smelly ditches" and "black ponds" in cities have basically disappeared; For the first time, the Yangtze River basin has achieved "zero clearing" of water bodies inferior to Grade V, and the main stream has achieved Grade II and above water quality for the first time.

　　Positive progress has been made in tackling climate change, and we have successfully completed our foreign commitment to reduce the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions by 45% by 2020 compared with 2005.

　　The preparation of the action plan for carbon emission peak has been started.

　　Reporter: The Central Economic Work Conference proposed to do a good job in peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality. What is the progress of the timetable and roadmap of China’s action plan for carbon emission peaking before 2030?

　　Huang Runqiu: The CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core attaches great importance to the work of tackling climate change. At the general debate of the 75th United Nations General Assembly and the Climate Ambition Summit, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader solemnly announced a series of medium and long-term goals and visions of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality in China. The Central Economic Work Conference put forward clear requirements for peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality. This has clearly defined the goal, pointed out the direction and injected a strong impetus for China to cope with climate change and take the road of green and low-carbon development.

　　At present, we have started the preparation of the action plan for carbon emission peak before 2030, and will further accelerate the pace and continue to promote the green and low-carbon transformation of the whole society during the 14 th Five-Year Plan and the 15 th Five-Year Plan.

　　First of all, we will make clear the objectives, compact the responsibilities, strictly supervise, make clear the goals and implementation plans of local and industry peaks, and be positive and powerful, and encourage qualified places to take the lead in reaching the peak.

　　Secondly, more effective measures will be taken to control the consumption of fossil energy, vigorously develop non-fossil energy and accelerate the development of renewable energy; We will comprehensively promote green and low-carbon actions in key areas, vigorously develop low-carbon transportation, actively develop green buildings, promote green and low-carbon technological innovation, and promote green and low-carbon production and lifestyle.

　　In addition, we will further accelerate the construction of the national carbon emission trading market, gradually expand the coverage of industries, enrich the trading varieties and methods, and realize the stable and effective operation and healthy and sustainable development of the national carbon market.

　　Since 2011, we have carried out carbon emission trading pilot projects in seven places, covering nearly 3,000 key emission units in more than 20 industries, including electricity, steel and cement, which has accumulated valuable experience for the construction of the national carbon market.

　　In the near future, we will take the power generation industry as the first batch to carry out carbon emission quota allocation and start the first performance cycle of the national carbon market.

　　Innovating ideas to realize the synergistic effect of reducing pollution and carbon

　　Reporter: The Central Economic Work Conference proposed that we should continue to fight the tough battle of pollution prevention and control and realize the synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon reduction. What is the synergy between pollution reduction and carbon reduction?

　　Huang Runqiu: In improving environmental quality, carbon reduction and pollution reduction can have a good synergistic effect. China’s energy structure is dominated by high-carbon fossil energy. Fossil energy combustion is not only the main source of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, but also the main source of atmospheric pollutants, such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. It can be said that the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and air pollutants have the characteristics of the same root, homology and process. Adjusting the energy structure and industrial structure can not only reduce carbon emissions, but also reduce pollutant emissions from the root causes.

　　We have accumulated a lot of work experience in jointly promoting pollution reduction and carbon reduction. According to the evaluation of relevant institutions, from 2013 to 2017, by reducing the excess capacity of steel, cement and other industries, the emission of atmospheric pollutants was greatly reduced, and at the same time, the carbon dioxide emission was reduced by about 737 million tons.

　　In the next step, we will further innovate our thinking and play, and make overall plans to push forward the fight against pollution and the action of peaking carbon dioxide emissions.

　　In the top-level design, while planning to fight the tough battle of pollution prevention and control, we should work hard to formulate the action plan of carbon emission peak before 2030, highlight carbon reduction as the "bull nose" of source governance, and make overall plans for a number of key tasks and major projects to promote the green and low-carbon transformation and development of economy, energy and industry.

　　At the same time, it is necessary to focus on key areas and industries and strengthen source governance, system governance and overall governance. Accelerate the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure and strictly control the construction of projects with high energy consumption and high emissions. To build a clean and low-carbon energy system, we should take developing non-fossil energy and reducing fossil energy consumption as the fundamental solution. Strengthen the optimization and adjustment of transportation structure, and promote rail transit, water transit and multimodal transport. Select typical areas and cities to carry out the "double achievement" pilot demonstration of environmental quality reaching the standard and carbon emission reaching the peak.

　　In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the overall planning of work, unify the formulation of policy planning standards, unified monitoring and evaluation, unified supervision and law enforcement, and unified supervision and accountability, so as to provide support for achieving the synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon reduction.

　　Exploring new ideas to fight the tough battle of pollution prevention and control in depth

　　Reporter: The "Proposal" of the "14 th Five-Year Plan" puts forward that it is necessary to fight a tough battle against pollution in depth. In the next five years, how will the battle against pollution be "in-depth"?

　　Huang Runqiu: During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, a good answer sheet was delivered in the battle against pollution. However, we must clearly realize that China’s ecological environment protection still has a long way to go, and the turning point of ecological environment quality from quantitative change to qualitative change has not yet arrived.

　　In the next step, we will pay close attention to the research and put forward the top-level design to fight the tough battle of pollution prevention and control, continuously improve the quality of the ecological environment, and continuously enhance the people’s sense of ecological environment acquisition, happiness and security.

　　I believe that "going deep" has two meanings: first, the contradictions and problems touched are deeper and wider, and the requirements for improving the ecological environment are higher. The tough battle should be extended in depth and breadth; Second, we must persist in the same direction and strength, and innovate and explore new ideas and measures to fight hard.

　　First, we must further strengthen source governance, system governance and overall governance. We must persist in promoting the adjustment of industrial structure, energy structure, transportation structure and agricultural structure with high-level protection of ecological environment, and pay more attention to source prevention and source management. It is necessary to proceed from the integrity of the ecosystem and the systematicness of the river basin, trace the source and systematically treat it, strengthen collaborative linkage, strengthen the collaborative management of various ecological elements such as landscapes, forests, fields, lakes and grasses, and enhance the relevance and coupling of various initiatives.

　　Second, we must pay more attention to precise pollution control, scientific pollution control and pollution control according to law. Scientific pollution control should effectively improve the pertinence and effectiveness of governance measures. To accurately control pollution, we must achieve "five precisions" in terms of problems, time, location, objects and measures. To control pollution according to law, we must adhere to administration, governance and protection according to law.

　　Third, we should push forward the tough battle of pollution prevention and control to achieve new breakthroughs in key areas and key indicators. The general idea is to "lift gas, reduce carbon, strengthen ecology, increase water, consolidate soil and prevent risks".

　　"gas lifting" is based on the coordinated control of PM2.5 and ozone, further reducing the concentration of PM2.5 and ozone and improving air quality.

　　To "reduce carbon", it is necessary to formulate an action plan for peaking carbon dioxide emissions and support qualified places to take the lead in peaking.

　　To "strengthen ecology", it is necessary to coordinate the restoration and management of the landscape, forest, field, lake and grass system, strengthen ecological supervision, and resolutely hold the natural ecological security boundary.

　　"Increasing water" means coordinating water resources, water ecology and water environment management, continuing to increase good water, increasing ecological water and enhancing water ecology.

　　"Soil consolidation" is to continuously implement the soil pollution prevention and control action plan with the focus on the safe use of soil, strengthening the supervision, utilization and disposal of hazardous waste.

　　"Risk prevention" should focus on nuclear and radiation safety, "one waste, one library, one product" (hazardous waste, tailings pond, chemicals) and other fields to effectively prevent and resolve ecological and environmental risks.

　　In addition, it is necessary to promote the modernization of the ecological environment governance system and governance capacity, form a "big environmental protection" pattern, and realize the historic transformation from "I want environmental protection" to "I want environmental protection".

　　Extreme Fox Auto officially announced that the drag coefficient of Alfa S5 reached 0.1925Cd, which once again challenged the limit of global production cars. The new car is a pure electric medium and large car, and the price is expected to be around 200,000.

　　The new car is positioned as a high-performance pure electric car, and its overall shape is smart. The front closed grille with sharp headlights on both sides is highly recognizable, and bright black decorative strips are added to the front enclosure for embellishment, adding a trace of sports attributes to it. The side shape is simple and smooth, and the slightly downward sloping roof line combined with the hidden door handle and blackened wheel eyebrow assembly has a strong sense of fashion. The Extreme Fox Alfa S5 is equipped with a slender through LED taillight group, which enhances the visual layering of the rear with an upturned duck tail spoiler and a wide rear enclosure component at the bottom. The length, width and height of the polar fox Alpha S5 are 4820/1930/1480mm, respectively, and the wheelbase is 2900mm. The new car also offers a variety of sizes and styles of rims and a variety of styles of front bumpers as options.

　　The new car will be equipped with TZ220XS645 motor produced by Beijing New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd., with a peak power of 185kW and lithium iron phosphate battery from Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, with a maximum speed of 180 km/h. (Source: Extreme Fox Automobile)

At the end of 2020, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Implementation Plan on Effectively Solving the Difficulties of the Elderly in Using Intelligent Technology", which made arrangements for further promoting the difficulties encountered by the elderly in using intelligent technology. Among them, "improving the management of’ health code’ and facilitating the passage of the elderly" has attracted much attention.

After Beijing entered the normal epidemic prevention and control, citizens need to check their personal health status by scanning "Health Treasure" when entering public places. However, some elderly people feel inconvenient when they enter these places because they don’t have smart phones or can’t use applets.

The reporter recently visited some shopping malls, supermarkets and banks and found that humanized services have been added in these places, and some people assisted the elderly to scan the code; Old people who don’t have mobile phones can fill in the information manually, and there is also a service for filling in; Fresh supermarkets around some communities only need a community pass to enter the supermarket after temperature measurement.

Shopping mall: enter after there is no smartphone to register information.

There are many elderly customers in Changying Hualian Shopping Center in Chaoyang District. Every morning, many elderly people will go to the supermarket in the shopping center as early as possible to snap up special dishes. The reporter saw here that the customer passed the electronic thermometer before entering the door. "Enter in order, measure temperature and scan code," the security personnel reminded customers. When there are many customers, security personnel with temperature measuring gun will come forward to help measure the temperature.

"Why can’t I get on this health treasure?" An old man was holding a mobile phone for a long time and didn’t understand it. The staff came forward to help. It turned out that it was useless for a few days. Health Bao needed to log in again and fill in the itinerary code. When you meet an old man without a health treasure, there is a paper registration form on the table. "Just fill in the name, phone number and other information. Old people can’t write, we can help fill it out. "

The reporter found that after registering in the shopping center, you need to register again before entering the supermarket in the shopping center. The procedure is the same. There is a health treasure scan code, but there is no manual registration information of health treasure.

There are also many elderly customers in Chang ‘an Shopping Mall, which is characterized by community service centers, most of whom are the elderly in the surrounding communities. The reporter saw that there are five doors including supermarkets, all of which are equipped with temperature measuring posts. According to the staff, there are three main ways for the elderly to enter the door. One is to scan the code by themselves; There is no manual registration of health code, and it is inconvenient to write. People on duty at the door can write it on their behalf. If it is an old man with his family, you can check your peers through the health code.

In Chaoyang Joy City, all incoming customers need to check their health information by temperature measurement first. For the elderly with family members of the same trade, the shopping mall will verify the health treasures of the family members of the same trade, and they will check the health code of the elderly on their behalf; If the old man is alone and does not carry a smart phone and can provide an ID number, the staff will check the health code of the old man on his behalf; If you can’t remember the ID number, the elderly can also enter the shopping mall after recording the basic information in the register.

Supermarket: the community pass can replace the health treasure certificate.

During the visit, the reporter found that the customers of supermarkets around many communities are mainly elderly people in the community. Located in Zhenguosi North Street, Fengtai District, Zhiguang Rich Caoqiao Xinyuan Store mainly serves Caoqiao Xinyuan Community. The reporter saw in the store that more than 90% of the customers are elderly people. Some elderly people come to buy food without health treasures, show their community pass, and enter the store for shopping after temperature registration.

"It’s basically old customers, many of whom know each other." The staff said that Zhiguang Fushu Fresh Supermarket basically serves the community, and the main customer group is the elderly in the community, who often meet the elderly without health treasures. "The elderly provide a community pass, and we can enter if we pass the temperature measurement after registration; The elderly can also report their ID number or mobile phone number and do manual registration. " For some elderly people who are inconvenient to travel, the store also provides telephone ordering and home delivery services.

Taipingqiao Store, the first flight supermarket on the South Road of West Station in Fengtai District, the reporter learned that at present, customers can enter the supermarket without showing health treasures and other information, just by measuring the temperature normally. During the period when the epidemic prevention and control measures were strict, it was necessary to check the health treasure and measure the temperature before entering the supermarket, and the supermarket also had to limit the number of people in the store.

Because the supermarket is located near the old residential area, most of the residents nearby are elderly people. During the epidemic prevention and control period, it is necessary to verify the health treasure before entering the supermarket. Many elderly people are "a little puzzled".

A staff member of the maiden voyage supermarket Taipingqiao Store said that in the early days of the epidemic, many elderly people around had caused a lot of troubles because they could not use health treasures. At first, supermarket staff would teach the elderly how to register health treasures with less hands, and how to scan the QR code to register and enter the supermarket. "It was very inefficient to teach one by one, but at that time, the epidemic prevention and control was strict, and there was no other good way."

For the elderly who don’t have a mobile phone or don’t want to be used, the supermarket has set up a notebook. "Those elderly people who really can’t use the health treasure can choose to register by hand. For those elderly people who can’t write, our staff will write for them."

Hospital: Set up a "green channel" for patients without health code.

A code scanning area is set up in the outpatient building near the northwest gate of Beijing Electric Power Hospital in Fengtai District. Patients need to scan the code to register first, and show the health code to the security personnel when entering the outpatient building. A security guard said that if they meet elderly people without health treasures, they can help them apply; If you don’t have a mobile phone, you can also fill in a paper registration form after entering the door.

A staff member of the hospital said, "We still suggest that the families of the elderly should help them fix the health treasure first. It is really impossible for security personnel to help, and if they are not good, they can fill in the form at home."

After the reporter showed his health code and entered the outpatient building, he saw that the hospital had set up a link to fill in the paper COVID-19 screening form, and it was necessary to register personal information such as name, telephone number and ID number, and check whether to go to high-risk areas. A staff member of the hospital said that all patients should fill in the paper screening form, and if there are elderly people who can’t write, the hospital staff can write for them.

At the entrance of the East Gate of Beijing Anding Hospital, there is a "green channel for elderly patients without health code". "Scan the code with WeChat or Alipay and show it to the nurse in front; The front that can’t scan the code can be handwritten. Thank you for your cooperation. " The horn outside the clinic building plays this prompt in a loop. Most hospitalized patients are registered by scanning code, and the contents are mainly personal information and epidemiological screening. Many elderly people choose to take the "green channel".

A "no health code" green channel has also been set up at the security checkpoint in the outpatient building. A staff member told reporters that this green channel is mainly set for the elderly who have no health code and patients who can’t show their health code due to various situations. "At the green passage, the elderly need to fill in a paper information registration form and an epidemiological screening form. If they meet an elderly person who can’t write, we can help them write," the staff member said.

Bank: Special person to help the elderly use smart devices.

As a personnel-intensive window unit, the bank’s epidemic prevention and control measures are more stringent. The reporter visited some banks and saw that many banks have special personnel to serve the elderly to scan codes and register information to help the elderly use smart devices inside the bank.

The reporter saw in Chaoyang Guanzhuang Sub-branch of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Beijing Branch that when entering the door, it is required to scan the code for temperature measurement. Some elderly people do not have their mobile phones, so they are required to fill in the information registration manually. They have also prepared magnifying glasses, reading glasses and other equipment for the elderly. "Many of them are elderly people from nearby communities. Just fill in their phone numbers and names," said the bank staff.

According to the relevant person in charge of the bank, the elderly customers of this outlet mainly handle business on the pension payday on the 15th of each month, because they are located near the community, and there are many elderly people who usually handle business. "We found that many elderly people have certain difficulties in using smart phones." For some elderly people who can’t use smart phones, the outlets will use Beijing Health Bao’s "Old and Young Health Code Help Query Function", and the bank staff will assist the elderly customers to make inquiries; Older people who can’t remember their ID numbers can also register information manually.

In addition, the penetration rate of smart devices in banks is getting higher and higher. Take this bank for example, smart devices include full-function smart phones, intelligent inquiry and payment machines, all-in-one deposit and withdrawal machines, and Internet cafe experience machines. Customers can complete the business of deposit and withdrawal, payment, small remittance, card opening, e-banking opening, investment and wealth management by themselves. Many old people were blinded when they came in to see these devices. To this end, the bank has a special person to help these old people use intelligent self-service devices.

On the day of pension payday, the bank will open its doors 30 minutes in advance, and set up a special person to assist the elderly to handle passbook withdrawal business at the intelligent terminal to avoid queuing, which is efficient and convenient, and can effectively alleviate the psychological difficulties of the elderly. "The functions commonly used by the elderly in the past mainly focus on deposit and withdrawal of passbooks and payment of daily life." The bank staff said.

Voice: government departments should consciously consider the needs of the elderly.

Lou Wei, director of the Resources and Environmental Economics Research Office of the Institute of Ecological Civilization of China Academy of Social Sciences, said that the introduction of the implementation plan reflects the further development of urban management in China in terms of humanization and refinement. "The more developed a society is, the more it takes care of vulnerable groups, the more humanized and refined it will be."

Lou Wei pointed out that taking Beijing Anding Hospital as an example, it is a positive attitude to set up a "no health code" green channel for elderly patients in response to national policies. As a very important public place where the elderly may go in and out, it is very important to set up a green channel.

"It should be emphasized that these problems should not only be solved by hospitals or other service providers, but also by relevant state departments, especially those in the technical field," Lou Wei said. "Setting up green channels will increase costs, including labor costs. In reality, this cost cannot be borne by all service providers alone."

Lou Wei pointed out that government departments and enterprises must consciously think about the elderly. Under the requirements of refined management, in addition to considering technical factors, economic costs and the specific needs of the elderly, they must also think more comprehensively. "For example, some problems have different needs in the north and the south, and different units have different needs. Government departments must think more carefully and comprehensively when serving the elderly or vulnerable groups."

"It is also necessary for the elderly who have the ability to adapt and learn actively. Only when all stakeholders move in the opposite direction and work together can we better solve this problem. " Lou Wei said.

Beijing News reporter Chen Lin Xu Meihui

Editor Chen Si

All provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and cities under separate state planning, transportation departments (bureaus and commissions) and health and health committees:

　　According to the Guiding Opinions of the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Finance, the National Health and Wellness Committee, the State Railway Bureau, the Civil Aviation Administration of China, the State Post Bureau, the Red Cross Society of China and China National Railway Group Co., Ltd. (No.45 [2021]), the Ministry of Transport, together with the National Health and Wellness Committee, combined with the characteristics and actual situation of the transportation industry, has formulated the Guiding Catalogue of Configuration Standards for Traffic Medical First Aid Kits (for Trial Implementation), which is hereby printed and distributed to you.

General Office of Ministry of Transport　　　　

General Office of National Health and Wellness Commission　　　　

December 22, 2021　　

△ November 7, 2021 "News Network" reported that

In recent years, the measures to promote pollution prevention and control in China are practical, vigorous and remarkable.From the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" to the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan", from "resolute" to "in-depth", the change of the word means that the contradictory problems touched by pollution prevention are deeper, wider and more demanding.

Next, how to fight this upgraded version of pollution prevention and control? The "Opinions" made specific arrangements in accelerating the development of green and low carbon and deepening the defense of blue sky, clear water and pure land.

Green and low-carbon development is the inevitable requirement of building a high-quality economic system and the fundamental solution to the pollution problem.《The Opinions focus on key industries and fields with obvious synergistic effects of pollution reduction and carbon reduction, and clarify the key tasks of promoting green and low-carbon development from seven aspects.

First, we will further promote the peak carbon dioxide emissions Action, implement the goal of national independent contribution to climate change in 2030, and support qualified local and key industries and enterprises to take the lead in reaching the peak.

The second is to focus on major national strategies and create a green development highland.

The third is to promote clean and low-carbon energy transformation, accelerate the pace of coal reduction, and implement renewable energy substitution actions.

Fourth, resolutely curb the blind development of projects with high energy consumption and high emissions, and resolutely stop approving and stopping construction of projects that do not meet the requirements.

The fifth is to promote clean production and efficient use of energy resources.

The sixth is to strengthen the control of ecological environment zoning and promote the application of the results of "three lines and one order".

Seventh, accelerate the formation of a green and low-carbon lifestyle, and carry out in-depth actions to create a green life.

On the basis of summing up and expanding the experience and practices of the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" for pollution prevention and control, and according to the new tasks and requirements of the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan", the "Opinions" will maintain its strength, extend its depth and broaden its breadth, fight the defense of blue sky, clear water and pure land with higher standards, continue to implement a number of landmark battles, and continue to attack hard for a long time.

● Focus on the fight against heavy polluted weather.

● Focus on the fight against ozone pollution.

● Continue to fight the battle for pollution control of diesel trucks.

● Strengthen the control of atmospheric non-point source and noise pollution.

● Continue to fight the battle against urban black and odorous water bodies.

● Continue to fight the tough battle for the protection and restoration of the Yangtze River

● Focus on fighting the tough battle for ecological protection and governance of the Yellow River.

● Consolidate and improve the level of drinking water safety.

● Focus on the battle for comprehensive management of key sea areas.

● Strengthen collaborative pollution control in land and sea areas.

● Continue to fight the battle for pollution control in agriculture and rural areas.

● Further promote the prevention and control of soil pollution and safe utilization of agricultural land.

● Effectively control the risk of soil pollution in construction land.

● Steadily promote the construction of a "waste-free city"

● Strengthen the control of new pollutants.

● Strengthen coordinated prevention and control of groundwater pollution.

Ecological protection and pollution prevention are inseparable and interact with each other, so it is necessary to make overall arrangements and make concerted efforts to reduce pollutant emissions while expanding environmental capacity.The Opinions clarified the key tasks of ecological protection from three aspects.

First, continuously improve the quality of ecosystems, promote the protection and restoration of important ecosystems, and carry out large-scale land greening operations.

The second is to implement major biodiversity protection projects, accelerate the investigation, observation and evaluation of biodiversity, and improve the nature reserve system with national parks as the main body.

The third is to strengthen the supervision of ecological protection, build and improve the ecological monitoring network, strengthen the supervision of nature reserves and ecological protection red lines, and increase the supervision and investigation of ecological damage according to law.

Eco-environmental governance is a systematic project, which requires comprehensive use of administrative, market, rule of law, science and technology and other means.The Opinions clarified the key tasks of improving the modernization level of ecological environment management from seven aspects.

First, comprehensively strengthen the legal protection of the ecological environment and promote ecological environment governance on the track of the rule of law.

The second is to improve the eco-environmental economic policy and implement policies and measures conducive to green development.

The third is to improve the investment mechanism of ecological environment funds, and focus on ensuring the investment of ecological environment funds as a basic and strategic investment.

The fourth is to implement the short-board action of environmental infrastructure and build an integrated environmental infrastructure system.

The fifth is to improve the effectiveness of ecological environment supervision and law enforcement and strengthen the whole process supervision.

Sixth, establish and improve a modern ecological environment monitoring system to achieve full coverage of environmental quality, ecological quality and pollution source monitoring.

The seventh is to build a service-oriented scientific and technological innovation system and strengthen the transformation service of scientific and technological achievements in the ecological environment.

(Central Radio and Television General Station CCTV Network)

The following article comes from Huipu by Liu Kai.

Return to the park.

Tracing back to the source, being clumsy, asking for knowledge and seeking novelty

At the beginning of the new semester, normal teaching order has been restored in most parts of the country, but there are still some areas that can only postpone the start of school or continue to implement online classes because of the epidemic, and some areas have to return to online teaching because of the epidemic after normal resumption of school. Although the society generally regards online classes as an expedient measure in a special period, online teaching has become an inevitable trend in the network age. What should teachers, students and parents do to have a good online class? Based on the research results of "learning" in multi-disciplinary fields, this paper gives some suggestions from several general directions.

Author | Liu Kai (bohai university College of Education Science)

Under the social background of pattern involution, "living a good life" and "studying hard" are more closely tied together. However, the ideal is full, the reality is skinny, and the huge social pressure makes the anxiety of students, parents and teachers accumulate, which is difficult to eliminate. Unfortunately, online teaching during the epidemic intensified this conflict.

Scholars have long warned that many learning methods circulating in the market are often wrong. In fact, the empirical research on learning and memory shows that many learning methods that are regarded as the standard by the public are actually useless. For example, the "10,000-hour law", which is popular all over the world, claims that a novice can become an expert by repeated practice for a long time, but it is not applicable to those subjects that need to be considered. Even some studies have found that reading textbooks repeatedly is usually a waste of effort. There are also many students and parents who are bewitched by extracurricular tutoring institutions or best-selling books, thinking that learning may become a happy thing, so they buy "easy-to-score blind boxes" everywhere, resulting in a waste of money and time and poor results. As everyone knows, all learning that can be transformed into games is shallow learning. Although educational games are good, they have attracted countless heroes to "bend their backs"-so far, deep learning cannot be realized from them.

Intuition or individual experience that has not been scientifically verified is often unreliable, so we need "Learning Sciences", a new interdisciplinary subject that uses scientific methods to explore learning laws. As the saying goes, "teaching and learning learn from each other", the science of learning is not only the "amulet" of effective learning, but also the "compass" of effective teaching.

Large-scale online teaching has established a synchronous live classroom in different places, which has guaranteed the normal teaching progress in a special period. But at the same time, it also brings three main problems:

(1) sacrificing teachers’ on-the-spot control of teaching;

② Increased the marginal cost of real-time communication;

③ It reduces the speed and quality of learning feedback.

In this regard, the existing research results of "Science of Learning" provide some suggestions for teachers, students and parents in online classes.

one

How can teachers "teach" better?

(1) Carefully prepare teaching materials.

Basic principles:

Memory content should be "static" (graphic), and understanding content should be "dynamic" (video);

The content is decomposed into a plurality of interrelated small modules; The presentation of teaching materials is very important.

Video material:

Advocate the use of video materials with subtitles or shot from the first angle;

If clues can be added to the video, it will be of great benefit to students in the middle and late grades;

It is better to split the video according to logic, but the double-speed playback effect is poor.

Graphic materials:

PPT is concise and not fancy, and the whole text is not acceptable;

The presentation of new knowledge points, with no more than 4 pages, should be horizontally arranged with pictures and texts;

Use graphics to express the logical relationship of content;

To create a school atmosphere, courseware should use the school background or Logo uniformly.

(2) Adopt appropriate teaching methods.

Basic principles:

Applying the teaching strategy of "technology promoting learning" can never copy the traditional classroom teaching mode;

Avoid asynchronous online teaching and strive for synchronous teaching.

Effective methods:

PBL, role-playing method, inquiry teaching method and case teaching method are effective, so the classroom should be used with caution or not. Gamification teaching is effective for small class or simple content courses;

The mouse icon on the teacher’s side can be changed to a finger shape with eye-catching color (such as black or red).

Reward and punishment means:

Fully create and make good use of virtual rewards, and at the same time often grasp and strictly control cheating.

(3) Increase effective teaching interaction.

Basic principles:

Engage in meaningful interaction, not for the sake of interaction;

Frequency of interaction is not important, but depth of interaction is important;

Adopt a variety of interactive ways.

For students:

It is advisable to refer to students with "you" instead of "you";

Restrain and reduce meaningless expressions, such as "hmm";

Use more friendly oral expressions to be "vulgar" rather than "rough", such as "old irons, learn";

Combining exaggerated expressions or increasing repetitive guiding gestures when teaching key content can improve students’ attention and deepen their understanding;

For the teaching content that needs in-depth understanding, we should create situations to guide in-depth discussion and ask students to pay attention to and share other people’s views.

For teachers and students:

Encourage group cooperation, increase teacher-student interaction and student-student interaction;

Online classes also need a break, which takes 5 minutes;

In the second half of the course, we should consciously stimulate students’ positive emotions;

Encourage more students with average and poor grades;

Pay attention to students’ mistakes, provide convenient communication channels and give timely feedback.

Group discussion function provided by an online teaching platform Source: Network

(4) present a suitable teacher image

Basic principles: Teachers appearing in real person can slightly improve students’ grades and greatly improve online learning experience and satisfaction.

Being able to appear in the camera: show your upper body (head+hands) and stand on the side in front of PPT, keep your eyes on the camera as much as possible, and use expressions and gestures as guiding clues. Otherwise, there is no need to leave the country.

Can’t leave the country: even if you can’t leave the country in person, it’s better to use my photo as your avatar than to leave it blank or scenery.

two

How can students "learn" better?

(1) Learning equipment

Try to use computers instead of mobile phones for online classes; The bigger the screen, the better. Try to use a computer instead of a mobile phone to study. Electronic paper books are a good thing, and electronic reading should be strongly advocated.

(2) study habits

Pay attention to self-study activities before class and prepare well;

Whether it is correct or not, please actively answer the teacher’s questions in class;

The learning effect of accelerating video playback is very poor. If you have to fast forward, you should not exceed 1.5 times the speed.

We must learn self-management and strictly resist non-learning behavior during class.

(3) cooperation between students and students

In the context of online classes, positive individual cooperation will quickly warm the whole group, regardless of boys and girls;

Peer rejection is more likely to lead to online bullying and anger. Please be more tolerant and considerate to people around you.

Everyone is for me, and I am for everyone. Helping and sharing students is beneficial to the overall improvement of learning effect.

(4) Emotional regulation

Maintaining moderate learning pressure can effectively avoid learning burnout;

Positive emotional state can make online learning have higher maintenance, migration, effort and learning satisfaction;

Willpower can effectively beat boredom and improve the learning effect. Students in online classes must consciously cheer for self-control.

three

How can parents "accompany" better?

Online class companionship is a magic weapon to relieve parents’ anxiety, and it is also a direct inducement to trigger children’s emotional fluctuations;

Improving the quality, not the quantity, of parents’ study companionship and actively improving the way of parent-child academic communication are the right way for online class companionship;

Before urging their children to complete their schoolwork tasks, parents should first set aside a 1-minute "buffer period" to recall whether they would have done better than their children now, and then try to talk to their children with a peaceful mind.

four

How can the Education Commission "manage" it better?

Online teaching has obvious differences between urban and rural areas, and education management departments should pay more attention and resources to township schools;

It is not easy to prepare lessons for online teaching, so it is necessary to reduce the burden on teachers and reduce the apportionment of things unrelated to teaching.

Conclusion

The scientificity and effectiveness of pedagogy have been controversial, and the development of learning science in recent 50 years has pointed out the direction for the scientific way of education. Unfortunately, many front-line workers are deeply immersed in the "artistry" of education, ignoring or resisting the "scientificity" of education, which leads to the waste of teaching time and the inefficiency of teaching effect. Education itself does not exclude art, but it cannot rely solely on art. The above suggestions not only have strong "scientific" operability, but also can be flexibly combined to reflect "artistic" creativity.

All the suggestions in this paper come from the research conclusions of hundreds of papers (including meta-analysis) in 16 periodicals of psychology and educational technology CSSCI in recent ten years, and I would like to thank these scholars for their hard work and dedication.

推荐阅读

[1] 彼得·布朗著，邓峰译. 认知天性：让学习轻而易举的心理学规律. 中信出版社，2018.

[2] R. 基思·索耶 主编. 徐晓东等译. 剑桥学习科学手册（第2版）. 教育科学出版社，2021.

[3] 郑旭东 等著. 学习科学：百年回顾与前瞻. 科学出版社，2020.

[4] 约翰·D·布兰斯福特 等 著. 程可拉 等译. 人是如何学习的(Ⅰ). 华东师范大学出版社，2013.

[5] 科拉·巴格利·马雷特 等 著，裴新宁 等译. 人是如何学习的(Ⅱ). 华东师范大学出版社，2021.

[6] 理查德·E 梅耶 著. 盛群力 等译. 应用学习科学. 中国轻工业出版社，2019.

[7] 简妮·爱丽丝·奥姆罗德，布雷特·琼斯 著. 雷雳 等译. 教育心理学（第5版）. 中国人民大学出版社，2021.

[8] 桑新民. 学习科学与技术——信息时代学习能力的培养（第2版）. 高等教育出版社，2017.

END

更多精彩文章请点击下面“蓝字”标题查看：

Comments on the expansion of Maxwell’s equations Professor Wang Qing: Deeply understand the "expanded Maxwell’s equations" —— Version 2.0 Professor Wang Qing: Understand Academician Wang Zhonglin’s "expanded Maxwell’s equations" and "touching porcelain" Maxwell: Galileo covariant and Lorentz covariant electromagnetic fields. Interesting topics: Lorentz covariant electromagnetic theory of moving medium. Excellent papers and peer reviewers in Physics and Engineering in 2021. List of Outstanding Young Scholars Professor Wang Qing: Problem-driven Education Originated from Socrates —— Learning and Growing in Interaction: Reality and Distance in Education Professor Wang Qing: Last night (June 9th), Academician Zhu Bangfen, Final Exam of Electrodynamics in Tsinghua: Misunderstanding of "Burden Reduction" and Challenges Faced by China’s Science Education "Physics and Engineering", No.5, 2021. Le Yongkang: American Physics Experiment Teaching and Comparison between China and the United States under the Prevention and Control of COVID-19 Epidemic. Gu Mu: Understanding and Experience of the Newly Formulated Basic Requirements for Physics Course Teaching in Non-physics Science and Technology Universities. Academician Zhu Bangfen: From Basic Science Class to Tsinghua School Physics Class. Academician Zhu Bangfen: Creating Top-notch Training. Reflections on new talents Professor Li Xueqian: Physics is a kind of culture Professor Li Xueqian: How to help physics students get through the hurdle from senior three to freshman: The core of ideological and political education in physics courses is to cultivate scientific cognitive ability. Mu Liangzhu: What is physics and physical culture? Mu Liangzhu: What is the cognitive model of ETA physics? Mu Liangzhu: What is the ETA physics teaching method? Professor Wu Guozhen: Impression of my graduate experience abroad —— Tsinghua University Physics Department."The 20th Anniversary of the Basic Science Class and the 10th Anniversary of the School Class"

Chen Jiaer, Zhao Kaihua and Wang Zhidong: Facing the 21st century, Professor Wang Yayu, who urgently needs to rebuild China’s engineering physics education: The concept and practice of undergraduate talent training in Tsinghua Department of Physics Professor Ge Weikun: Some thoughts on talent training at home and abroad Professor Annie Ann: Why does the traditional classroom teaching mode need to be changed? Professor Annie Ann: In fact, teaching is the process of accumulation. Professor Liu Yuxin: Some thoughts on undergraduate physics basic course teaching and textbook compilation Shen Ganruo: American and Canadian curriculum reform that has hit science education hard Henderson C: USA. Physics education research supported by research fund and its influence on higher physics education "Physics and Engineering" is an academic journal focusing on physics education and teaching research, and it is the core journal of science and technology in China. It was founded in 1981, and you are welcome to contribute enthusiastically.

http://gkwl.cbpt.cnki.net

Welcome attention

Physics and Engineering WeChat WeChat official account

Original title: "How to teach online classes well? 》

Read the original text

　　Now, no matter who talks about PC games, Steam is definitely the topic that can’t be bypassed. However, such a huge game platform did not succeed overnight. The painting style of its online store has undergone earth-shaking changes in the 13 years since its establishment, from the initial platform for publishing information about 1.6 to a huge trading center that now integrates games, cards and ornaments. Let’s take a look at how this platform has worked hard to reform and become successful in these years.

　　On September 12th, 2003, Steam was established. And its original intention is that V Club provides anti-cheating support in order to facilitate the sale of its games such as CS. However, in that era when only 20% of users in the United States had Internet at home, Steam, which needed to be connected for a long time, was regarded as an important threat that might infringe PC security. At the same time, at that time, the server of Steam was also very bad. Many players who bought the game often couldn’t log in because of network reasons. In addition, the frequent updates of Steam itself and its poor interface left a bad impression on players.

　　However, in 2004, half-life 2 released by V Society saved Steam. At that time, the excellent online store design made many people change their impression of Steam, not to mention that you have to log in to the Steam account before you want to play this world-famous shooting game.

　　In 2005, "Kung Fu Doll" and "Darwinia" became the first non-V-produced games in the Steam store. In this way, Steam has finally changed from a game downloader and server browser to a real online game store.

This article is translated from pcgamer, produced and published by Wandering Star, please indicate the source.

CCTV News:According to the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, in the first three quarters of this year, all parts of the country accelerated the release of advanced production capacity, the capacity of energy supply and demand continued to improve, energy consumption increased steadily, and the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption continued to increase.

In the first three quarters, the production of major energy products such as kerosene, gas and electricity in industrial enterprises above designated size maintained steady growth. In terms of varieties, the production of raw coal has grown rapidly, and the incremental supply of high quality has been expanded, giving full play to the role of guarantee. In the first three quarters, the output of industrial raw coal above designated size was 3.32 billion tons, up 11.2% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 7.5 percentage points faster than that of the same period of last year.

Oil and gas production grew steadily. Oil and gas enterprises continue to consolidate the good momentum of increasing reserves and production, and ensure the independent supply base of oil and gas. In the first three quarters, the output of industrial crude oil above designated size was 153.75 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 3.0%; Natural gas output was 160.1 billion cubic meters, up 5.4% year-on-year.

Power production is stable and orderly. In the first three quarters, industrial power generation above designated size was 6.3 trillion kWh, up 2.2% year-on-year, of which clean energy power generation was 1.9 trillion kWh, up 6.5% year-on-year.

The energy consumption structure continued to improve. According to preliminary calculations, the total energy consumption in the first three quarters increased by 2.5% year-on-year, and the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption in the total energy consumption increased by 0.6 percentage points compared with the same period of last year.

Innovation and development add impetus-the new patent law will be implemented on June 1, 2021

Why do you want to amend the patent law?

Since its implementation on April 1, 1985, China’s patent law has been revised four times, which has played an important role in encouraging invention and innovation. With the development of the situation, there are some new situations and problems in the patent field: the conversion rate of patent technology is not high; There are some problems in patent rights protection, such as difficulty in proof and high cost.

On June 1, 2021, the newly revised Patent Law was formally implemented, aiming at solving the problems in practice, which is of great significance for safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of patentees, enhancing the confidence of innovation subjects in patent protection and stimulating the innovation vitality of the whole society.

What measures have been put forward by the newly implemented patent law to strengthen intellectual property protection?

In order to strengthen the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of patentees, a punitive damages system was added in this amendment, stipulating that if the circumstances are serious, the people’s court may determine the amount of compensation within one to five times the amount calculated according to the losses suffered by the obligee, the benefits obtained by the infringer or the multiple of the patent license fee. The upper limit of legal compensation is raised to 5 million yuan, and the lower limit is raised to 30 thousand yuan. Significantly increasing the cost of infringement shows China’s attitude and determination to strictly protect intellectual property rights according to law.

What does the newly implemented patent law cover to promote the transformation and application of patents?

In order to further awaken the "sleeping" patents, the newly revised Patent Law adds a patent open license system, improves the service invention system and strengthens the public service of patent information, aiming at promoting the transformation of patent achievements, realizing the market value of patents and providing strong support for the innovation and development of the real economy. Open licensing system is an important legal system to promote the implementation of patent transformation. Its core lies in encouraging patentees to open their patents to the society, promoting the docking of supply and demand and patent implementation, and truly realizing the patent value. This amendment stipulates the declaration of open license and its effective procedural elements, with a view to solving the information asymmetry between the supply and demand sides of patent technology through government public services and improving the efficiency of patent transformation.

What adjustments have been made to improve the relevant system of design in the patent law implemented this time?

Local appearance design is gradually becoming an important way of product design. With the acceleration of "going out", the level of design of enterprises in China has gradually improved, and the demand for local design protection of enterprises abroad has obviously increased. The newly revised patent law protects partial designs, which meets the needs of enterprises and international practices, and enables China enterprises to make better use of the rules, further explore the international market and improve their international competitiveness.

The newly revised patent law extends the protection period of design patents to 15 years, so as to meet the diversified needs of the innovators for the protection period and create conditions for China to join The Hague Agreement on the International Registration of Industrial Designs. In addition, the Patent Law increases the domestic priority system of patent application for design, and makes it clear that an applicant who files a patent application for the same subject in China within six months from the date when he first filed a patent application for design in China can enjoy the priority, thus further reducing the application cost. (Feng Fei)

Responding to the New Requirements of the Times —— The new copyright law will be implemented on June 1st, 2021.

What is the significance of the newly implemented copyright law?

On June 1, 2021, the newly revised copyright law was officially implemented. At the beginning of the third revision of the copyright law in 2011, the goal of the revision was clearly to create a new era copyright law that is compatible with the digital economy, realistic, international and future-oriented. The 10-year revision process also fully embodies the spirit of open-door legislation and scientific legislation, actively responds to the new requirements of the digital age, and echoes and connects with the Civil Code and international copyright treaties.

What adjustments have been made to the copyright law implemented on June 1 to adapt to technological progress?

While technological progress has changed the ways and means of content dissemination, the development of digital copyright industry has long been troubled by the protection of new works. In this regard, the newly revised copyright law has made a more extensive adjustment to the definition and types of works, further expanding the scope of protection of copyright law. For example, Article 3 clearly defines works as "intellectual achievements that are original and can be expressed in a certain form in the fields of literature, art and science"; In the original copyright law, "cinematographic works and works created by methods similar to cinematography" were changed to "audio-visual works".

In order to adapt to the new situation of technological development, the newly revised copyright law has clarified the relevant legal rules related to the application of digital technology, such as the new "digital" reproduction method of works.

What new measures does the new copyright law put forward to combat infringement?

In order to solve the problems of high litigation cost and long period in copyright protection, the newly revised copyright law introduces punitive damages system, raising the upper limit of legal compensation to 5 million yuan and stipulating the lower limit of legal compensation to 500 yuan; For intentional infringement and serious circumstances, it is stipulated that the court can award punitive damages of one to five times the amount of compensation, which greatly increases the cost of infringement.

How does the new copyright law connect with international treaties?

In recent years, China has been actively docking international treaties, fulfilling its international obligations and showing its image as a great power. The newly revised copyright law also strengthens the connection with international treaties, for example, the provisions of the eighth paragraph of Article 52 on the rental right of performers echo the relevant provisions of the Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances. The behavior of "providing people with reading disabilities with published works in a barrier-free way that they can perceive" is included in the category of fair use, which paves the way for China to ratify the Marrakesh Treaty on Facilitating the Access of the Blind, the Visually Impaired or Other People with Print Reading Disabilities to Published Works. (Jiang Xu)