标签： 苏州晚上必去的地方

　　Every time the paper media is shut down, it will always cause a hot discussion on the Internet. Recently, the online newspaper Jinghua Times has to be shut down and turned around, which has triggered various discussions. Some people think that this is the decline of "paper media", some people think that this is the result of the outdated production method of paper media content, and some people think that this is the embodiment of the newspaper industry’s dilemma. After the tide of newspaper restructuring, some newspapers are full-time or balance allocation institutions, and some newspapers are self-financing enterprises; The business models of various newspapers are not the same, and the reasons behind every newspaper reform and adjustment are diversified. It is inevitable to talk about the future of a media form from a case. Jinghua Times is a popular newspaper with readers and enjoys a good reputation in the field of national metropolis newspapers, but in recent years, it has also been plagued by the loss of readers and the decline of business. Judging from the market-oriented reform process of China newspaper industry, the reform and adjustment of Jinghua Times in the highly competitive Beijing Metropolis Daily market is not an unexpected thing, but a normal phenomenon under the laws of the media market and a reasonable phenomenon in the process of newspaper structure adjustment.

　　First, the adjustment of the industry structure of metropolis daily under the market law

　　Jinghua Times was founded in 2001, which was the golden age of metropolis daily. The Beijing News was founded in 2003; The two newspapers quickly occupied a place in the highly competitive Beijing Metropolis Daily market. At that time, most of the first-and second-tier cities in China set off a wave of establishing metropolitan newspapers, and many other types of newspapers also adjusted their positioning and transformed into metropolitan newspapers. The market competition of metropolitan newspapers in various places became increasingly fierce, and at the same time, a large number of elites in newspaper management emerged. Profitable metropolis daily has become the darling of media industries all over the world. Apart from meeting the information needs of the masses, it is also a major task for metropolis daily to make profits and transfuse blood for its newspaper group. More and more urban newspaper markets have entered a state of excessive competition, and it is very common for provincial newspapers and prefecture-level newspapers to compete in the same city.

　　In the past ten years, the most important rule is the market rule around the adjustment of the industry structure of metropolis daily. If there is a lack of metropolitan newspapers in a certain area and the market demand is large, then other types of newspapers will be transformed into metropolitan newspapers; If the metropolitan newspapers in a certain area compete excessively, then some newspapers that are not suitable for competition will withdraw from the market.

　　Beijing is an over-competitive market for urban newspapers. Today, we can see the Beijing News, Beijing Youth Daily, Beijing Evening News, Beijing Morning News and Legal Evening News. For more than ten years, there have been many metropolis newspapers coming in and out. Beijing daily messenger was renamed from Drama Film Newspaper in 2000, and once played an important role in the market of Beijing Metropolis Daily. In 2007, it abandoned its position as a metropolis newspaper and transformed into a subway newspaper. "Jingbao" was founded in 2004 and closed in 2014. At the beginning of its establishment, it also tried to participate in the market competition of metropolis daily. Huaxia Times changed its name from China Materials Newspaper in 2001, and was originally a metropolis newspaper. In 2007, it was transformed into a financial newspaper. "Labor Lunch" also worked as a metropolis daily. In 2009, it gave up its position as a metropolis daily and returned to be the organ newspaper of Beijing Federation of Trade Unions. Today, it is not surprising if Jinghua Times is faced with reform and adjustment.

　　Second, the integration of newspaper products under the logic of enterprise management

　　Jinghua Times was under the People’s Daily from 2001 to 2011. In 2011, it was transferred to the director of the Propaganda Department of Beijing Municipal Committee. The Beijing News was jointly sponsored by Guangming Daily and Nanfang Daily in 2003, and was headed by Guangming Daily Group. In 2011, it was transferred to the director of the Propaganda Department of Beijing Municipal Committee. The assets related to the two newspapers are funded by the Beijing State-owned Cultural Assets Supervision and Administration Office (hereinafter referred to as the Cultural Assets Office).

　　The change of the organizers and investors in charge of Jinghua Times and Beijing News has changed the main pattern of operators in Beijing Metropolis Daily market. Beijing Evening News and Beijing Morning Post, affiliated to Beijing Daily, sponsored by the Propaganda Department of Beijing Municipal Committee, and Jinghua Times and Beijing News, sponsored by Beijing Municipal Committee, are all metropolis newspapers. In a highly competitive market, just like the integration of Youku and Tudou, and the integration of Kuaidi and Didi, it is a rational decision to integrate competing enterprises or institutions under the same investor. The specific reform plan of Jinghua Times has not been disclosed, and the online information said that it would merge with Beijing Morning Post, which just avoided the competition of two urban newspapers with similar content structure under the same investor.

　　Third, the survival logic of newspapers determined by technical, market and institutional factors

　　Technical factors, market factors and institutional factors are the basic factors that affect the pattern of media market and the evolution of media form. Technical factors promote the emergence of a media form, while market factors and institutional factors provide economic sources and regulatory framework for it. Newspapers are also based on certain media technology, and they are born in response to market demand and political demand; Within the regulatory framework provided by the system, it obtains operating income from the market or financial assistance from other stakeholders (such as the government, political parties, enterprises or various social organizations) to maintain its economic operation.

　　Technical factors lead to the change of media form and change the situation of media business model. After the emergence of the Internet based on new communication technology, the media contact time of the audience gradually tilted towards the Internet, and the contact time of traditional media was generally squeezed. After the popularity of mobile Internet, the media contact space of the audience has also undergone profound changes. The audience can receive news and other content information through the mobile Internet anytime and anywhere, and the original portable reading advantage of newspapers is no longer available. The contact time and space of newspapers have been compressed, and the audience group has shrunk. The business model of metropolis daily, which mainly relies on large-scale distribution and obtains market advertising income, has been the first to bear the negative impact. The current media market environment is difficult to support a large number of metropolitan newspapers that operate according to the traditional model.

　　From the narrow sense of paper newspapers, as long as the market demand for paper media reading still exists, the living space of newspapers based on these market demands still exists. The problem is only which newspapers should adjust their business models and which newspapers should withdraw from the market. At the same time, the living space of newspapers based on political needs will undoubtedly continue to exist for a long time. From the perspective of paper media operators in a broad sense, whether to continue publishing paper products is a product decision-making problem based on cost accounting and enterprise strategy; Whether providing paper products or digital products, specialized content production that can meet people’s information needs can always get market returns.

　　Four, and "shut down and turn" related to the reform of the newspaper system

　　It is normal for all industries in modern society to "shut down and turn around" in areas with insufficient market competitiveness and overcapacity, not because the newspaper industry is an industry with ideological particularity. At the institutional level, the institutional construction related to the newspaper industry’s "shutting down and turning around" has already been paved.

　　In my impression, there was a similar discussion about the newspaper’s "shutting down and turning" earlier. One was the indiscriminate control of newspapers in 2004, and the other was the closure and liquidation of China News in 2009. When the former happened, the relevant system was not perfect enough, and the relevant industry discussions were all aimed at the indiscriminate distribution of newspapers and periodicals, but there was no more discussion on the system of shutting down newspapers and periodicals itself. When the latter happened, the representative view at that time was that it was a sign of the progress of newspaper reform and market operation in China. If the organizer in charge thinks that the newspaper is difficult to operate, it is a reasonable decision to take the initiative to apply to stop publishing and reduce the financial burden.

　　Compared with the emerging Internet information industry, the operation system, mechanism, organization and management of the press and publication industry are relatively backward. In the new media market environment, the living space of traditional press and publication institutions is reduced, but the number of press and publication institutions under the traditional institution system is difficult to reduce. Therefore, government departments have long embarked on a series of reforms to make institutional arrangements for the market withdrawal of press and publication institutions.

　　The important institutional preparation for the newspaper’s "shutdown and transfer" is the reform of the newspaper withdrawal system and the transformation of news publishing units into enterprises about ten years ago. In 2005, it was mentioned in the Regulations on the Administration of Newspaper Publishing and the Regulations on the Administration of Periodical Publishing issued by the then General Administration of Press and Publication that "the planning of the total amount, structure and layout of newspaper publishing in China should be formulated and implemented, and the supervision and management systems such as the comprehensive evaluation system of newspaper publishing quality, the annual verification system of newspapers and periodicals and the exit mechanism of newspapers and periodicals should be established and improved". In 2008, the pilot work of newspaper withdrawal began, and in 2011, the quality evaluation of newspaper publishing began and the work of newspaper withdrawal was gradually promoted. Almost at the same time, the press and publication units were transformed into enterprises, and the press and publication units that met the conditions for restructuring were transformed into enterprises with their own hematopoietic capacity. The reform of the exit mechanism of newspapers and periodicals and the transformation of news publishing units into enterprises are aimed at the new media market environment. On the one hand, they promote the business integration and upgrading of traditional news publishing institutions and improve their market viability. On the other hand, they learn from the experience and lessons of state-owned enterprise reform and properly coordinate the issues of asset liquidation and personnel placement in the reform process.

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　　Under the joint action of technology, market and system, the evolution of media form is a natural trend; As long as the market demand of a certain media form still exists, this media form will have room to survive, but the relevant media organizations must adjust their business model or business structure according to the changes in the market environment. In the media environment of China, institutional factors will continue to provide survival guarantee for some newspapers, and at the same time provide institutional preparation for individual newspapers to withdraw from the market. In the future, news that individual newspaper products have withdrawn from the market or made business adjustments will continue to appear, which is a normal phenomenon under market rules; There is still room for survival and development for all kinds of market entities engaged in the production of professional content, including newspaper operators. (Associate Professor Han Xiaoning, School of Journalism, Renmin University of China)

At the end of 2020, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Implementation Plan on Effectively Solving the Difficulties of the Elderly in Using Intelligent Technology", which made arrangements for further promoting the difficulties encountered by the elderly in using intelligent technology. Among them, "improving the management of’ health code’ and facilitating the passage of the elderly" has attracted much attention.

After Beijing entered the normal epidemic prevention and control, citizens need to check their personal health status by scanning "Health Treasure" when entering public places. However, some elderly people feel inconvenient when they enter these places because they don’t have smart phones or can’t use applets.

The reporter recently visited some shopping malls, supermarkets and banks and found that humanized services have been added in these places, and some people assisted the elderly to scan the code; Old people who don’t have mobile phones can fill in the information manually, and there is also a service for filling in; Fresh supermarkets around some communities only need a community pass to enter the supermarket after temperature measurement.

Shopping mall: enter after there is no smartphone to register information.

There are many elderly customers in Changying Hualian Shopping Center in Chaoyang District. Every morning, many elderly people will go to the supermarket in the shopping center as early as possible to snap up special dishes. The reporter saw here that the customer passed the electronic thermometer before entering the door. "Enter in order, measure temperature and scan code," the security personnel reminded customers. When there are many customers, security personnel with temperature measuring gun will come forward to help measure the temperature.

"Why can’t I get on this health treasure?" An old man was holding a mobile phone for a long time and didn’t understand it. The staff came forward to help. It turned out that it was useless for a few days. Health Bao needed to log in again and fill in the itinerary code. When you meet an old man without a health treasure, there is a paper registration form on the table. "Just fill in the name, phone number and other information. Old people can’t write, we can help fill it out. "

The reporter found that after registering in the shopping center, you need to register again before entering the supermarket in the shopping center. The procedure is the same. There is a health treasure scan code, but there is no manual registration information of health treasure.

There are also many elderly customers in Chang ‘an Shopping Mall, which is characterized by community service centers, most of whom are the elderly in the surrounding communities. The reporter saw that there are five doors including supermarkets, all of which are equipped with temperature measuring posts. According to the staff, there are three main ways for the elderly to enter the door. One is to scan the code by themselves; There is no manual registration of health code, and it is inconvenient to write. People on duty at the door can write it on their behalf. If it is an old man with his family, you can check your peers through the health code.

In Chaoyang Joy City, all incoming customers need to check their health information by temperature measurement first. For the elderly with family members of the same trade, the shopping mall will verify the health treasures of the family members of the same trade, and they will check the health code of the elderly on their behalf; If the old man is alone and does not carry a smart phone and can provide an ID number, the staff will check the health code of the old man on his behalf; If you can’t remember the ID number, the elderly can also enter the shopping mall after recording the basic information in the register.

Supermarket: the community pass can replace the health treasure certificate.

During the visit, the reporter found that the customers of supermarkets around many communities are mainly elderly people in the community. Located in Zhenguosi North Street, Fengtai District, Zhiguang Rich Caoqiao Xinyuan Store mainly serves Caoqiao Xinyuan Community. The reporter saw in the store that more than 90% of the customers are elderly people. Some elderly people come to buy food without health treasures, show their community pass, and enter the store for shopping after temperature registration.

"It’s basically old customers, many of whom know each other." The staff said that Zhiguang Fushu Fresh Supermarket basically serves the community, and the main customer group is the elderly in the community, who often meet the elderly without health treasures. "The elderly provide a community pass, and we can enter if we pass the temperature measurement after registration; The elderly can also report their ID number or mobile phone number and do manual registration. " For some elderly people who are inconvenient to travel, the store also provides telephone ordering and home delivery services.

Taipingqiao Store, the first flight supermarket on the South Road of West Station in Fengtai District, the reporter learned that at present, customers can enter the supermarket without showing health treasures and other information, just by measuring the temperature normally. During the period when the epidemic prevention and control measures were strict, it was necessary to check the health treasure and measure the temperature before entering the supermarket, and the supermarket also had to limit the number of people in the store.

Because the supermarket is located near the old residential area, most of the residents nearby are elderly people. During the epidemic prevention and control period, it is necessary to verify the health treasure before entering the supermarket. Many elderly people are "a little puzzled".

A staff member of the maiden voyage supermarket Taipingqiao Store said that in the early days of the epidemic, many elderly people around had caused a lot of troubles because they could not use health treasures. At first, supermarket staff would teach the elderly how to register health treasures with less hands, and how to scan the QR code to register and enter the supermarket. "It was very inefficient to teach one by one, but at that time, the epidemic prevention and control was strict, and there was no other good way."

For the elderly who don’t have a mobile phone or don’t want to be used, the supermarket has set up a notebook. "Those elderly people who really can’t use the health treasure can choose to register by hand. For those elderly people who can’t write, our staff will write for them."

Hospital: Set up a "green channel" for patients without health code.

A code scanning area is set up in the outpatient building near the northwest gate of Beijing Electric Power Hospital in Fengtai District. Patients need to scan the code to register first, and show the health code to the security personnel when entering the outpatient building. A security guard said that if they meet elderly people without health treasures, they can help them apply; If you don’t have a mobile phone, you can also fill in a paper registration form after entering the door.

A staff member of the hospital said, "We still suggest that the families of the elderly should help them fix the health treasure first. It is really impossible for security personnel to help, and if they are not good, they can fill in the form at home."

After the reporter showed his health code and entered the outpatient building, he saw that the hospital had set up a link to fill in the paper COVID-19 screening form, and it was necessary to register personal information such as name, telephone number and ID number, and check whether to go to high-risk areas. A staff member of the hospital said that all patients should fill in the paper screening form, and if there are elderly people who can’t write, the hospital staff can write for them.

At the entrance of the East Gate of Beijing Anding Hospital, there is a "green channel for elderly patients without health code". "Scan the code with WeChat or Alipay and show it to the nurse in front; The front that can’t scan the code can be handwritten. Thank you for your cooperation. " The horn outside the clinic building plays this prompt in a loop. Most hospitalized patients are registered by scanning code, and the contents are mainly personal information and epidemiological screening. Many elderly people choose to take the "green channel".

A "no health code" green channel has also been set up at the security checkpoint in the outpatient building. A staff member told reporters that this green channel is mainly set for the elderly who have no health code and patients who can’t show their health code due to various situations. "At the green passage, the elderly need to fill in a paper information registration form and an epidemiological screening form. If they meet an elderly person who can’t write, we can help them write," the staff member said.

Bank: Special person to help the elderly use smart devices.

As a personnel-intensive window unit, the bank’s epidemic prevention and control measures are more stringent. The reporter visited some banks and saw that many banks have special personnel to serve the elderly to scan codes and register information to help the elderly use smart devices inside the bank.

The reporter saw in Chaoyang Guanzhuang Sub-branch of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Beijing Branch that when entering the door, it is required to scan the code for temperature measurement. Some elderly people do not have their mobile phones, so they are required to fill in the information registration manually. They have also prepared magnifying glasses, reading glasses and other equipment for the elderly. "Many of them are elderly people from nearby communities. Just fill in their phone numbers and names," said the bank staff.

According to the relevant person in charge of the bank, the elderly customers of this outlet mainly handle business on the pension payday on the 15th of each month, because they are located near the community, and there are many elderly people who usually handle business. "We found that many elderly people have certain difficulties in using smart phones." For some elderly people who can’t use smart phones, the outlets will use Beijing Health Bao’s "Old and Young Health Code Help Query Function", and the bank staff will assist the elderly customers to make inquiries; Older people who can’t remember their ID numbers can also register information manually.

In addition, the penetration rate of smart devices in banks is getting higher and higher. Take this bank for example, smart devices include full-function smart phones, intelligent inquiry and payment machines, all-in-one deposit and withdrawal machines, and Internet cafe experience machines. Customers can complete the business of deposit and withdrawal, payment, small remittance, card opening, e-banking opening, investment and wealth management by themselves. Many old people were blinded when they came in to see these devices. To this end, the bank has a special person to help these old people use intelligent self-service devices.

On the day of pension payday, the bank will open its doors 30 minutes in advance, and set up a special person to assist the elderly to handle passbook withdrawal business at the intelligent terminal to avoid queuing, which is efficient and convenient, and can effectively alleviate the psychological difficulties of the elderly. "The functions commonly used by the elderly in the past mainly focus on deposit and withdrawal of passbooks and payment of daily life." The bank staff said.

Voice: government departments should consciously consider the needs of the elderly.

Lou Wei, director of the Resources and Environmental Economics Research Office of the Institute of Ecological Civilization of China Academy of Social Sciences, said that the introduction of the implementation plan reflects the further development of urban management in China in terms of humanization and refinement. "The more developed a society is, the more it takes care of vulnerable groups, the more humanized and refined it will be."

Lou Wei pointed out that taking Beijing Anding Hospital as an example, it is a positive attitude to set up a "no health code" green channel for elderly patients in response to national policies. As a very important public place where the elderly may go in and out, it is very important to set up a green channel.

"It should be emphasized that these problems should not only be solved by hospitals or other service providers, but also by relevant state departments, especially those in the technical field," Lou Wei said. "Setting up green channels will increase costs, including labor costs. In reality, this cost cannot be borne by all service providers alone."

Lou Wei pointed out that government departments and enterprises must consciously think about the elderly. Under the requirements of refined management, in addition to considering technical factors, economic costs and the specific needs of the elderly, they must also think more comprehensively. "For example, some problems have different needs in the north and the south, and different units have different needs. Government departments must think more carefully and comprehensively when serving the elderly or vulnerable groups."

"It is also necessary for the elderly who have the ability to adapt and learn actively. Only when all stakeholders move in the opposite direction and work together can we better solve this problem. " Lou Wei said.

Beijing News reporter Chen Lin Xu Meihui

Editor Chen Si