标签： 最新上海贵族宝贝自荐区

　　Original title: Stepping on the peak to create a new sky — — The Birth of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese Modernization

　　Striving to build a socialist modern power in an all-round way and realize the goal of the second century, the party and the country have ushered in another historic moment — —

　　On the afternoon of July 18th, 2024, the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally adopted the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese Modernization.

　　Standing at the historical juncture of carrying forward the past and opening up the future, another important milestone meeting was successfully held, and the charge horn of further comprehensive deepening reform in the new era and new journey resounded through the land of China.

　　The CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core unites and leads the whole party, the whole army and the people of all ethnic groups in China to move forward unswervingly and courageously, so as to further comprehensively deepen reform, open up broad prospects for Chinese modernization, and constantly push forward the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation.

　　Hold high the banner of reform and answer the topic of the times — — Efforts should be made to solve the system and mechanism problems affecting Chinese modernization, make good use of the important magic weapon of reform and opening up, and carry out the reform to the end.

　　At the end of April 2024, a heavy news spread all over the country through the radio waves of Xinhua News Agency — —

　　"the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee held a meeting on April 30th, and decided to hold the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee in July this year, focusing on further comprehensively deepening reform and promoting Chinese modernization."

　　"One of the most important meetings on China’s political calendar" "Since the reform and opening up, all the Third Plenary Sessions have focused on reform issues and made plans for the development of China in the next five to ten years, so it is particularly exciting" … … Attention at home and abroad has turned to another Third Plenary Session in the history of communist party, China — — The Third Plenary Session of the Twentieth Central Committee.

　　The Third Plenary Session has a heavy weight in the hearts of hundreds of millions of Chinese people.

　　The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was epoch-making, which opened a new era of reform, opening up and socialist modernization.

　　Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, with great historical initiative, great political courage and strong responsibility, the Supreme Leader General Secretary has personally planned, personally deployed and personally promoted comprehensive and deepening reforms, led the whole party, the whole army and the people of all nationalities in China to open up a new world of career development with unprecedented efforts, and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has entered an irreversible historical process.

Panorama of the deep middle passage taken on June 27, 2024. Xinhua News Agency reporter Mao Siqian photo

　　Looking around the world, no country or political party can have such political boldness and historical responsibility, dare to make drastic, inward-cutting and self-revolution, promote such a large-scale, large-scale and large-scale reform in such a short time, and achieve such a historic change, systematic reconstruction and overall reconstruction in the reform process.

　　Looking back at the successful practice and great achievements of comprehensively deepening reform since the new era, we are more deeply aware that the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee is also epoch-making, which has opened a new journey of comprehensively deepening reform, systematically designing and promoting reform in the new era, and created a new situation of China’s reform and opening up.

　　Time is a faithful witness and the people are great writers.

　　In the golden autumn of 2022, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader solemnly declared to the world in the Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Party — —

　　"From now on, the central task of the Communist Party of China (CPC) is to unite and lead the people of all ethnic groups in the country to build a socialist modernization power in an all-round way, realize the goal of the second century, and comprehensively promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese modernization."

　　The magnificent voyage of revival marks another brand-new struggle coordinate.

　　"On the new journey, what can we rely on to further gather together and gather together a powerful force to promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation? The answer is to rely on Chinese modernization. " General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out the way forward with the profound insight, keen judgment and theoretical creativity of Marxist politicians, thinkers and strategists.

　　At present and in the future, it is a crucial period to comprehensively promote the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with Chinese modernization. The situation and environment we are facing are more complicated than ever, and the task of reform and development is more arduous than ever. The questions of China, the world, the people and the times pose us with more difficult questions.

　　How can we unite and lead more than 1.4 billion people in China to face difficulties and continue to struggle, cultivate new opportunities in the crisis and open up new opportunities in the changing situation?

　　People look forward to the choice of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people, and the times pay attention to the answers of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people.

　　What topics were studied, what decisions were made, what measures were taken, and what signals were released at the Third Plenary Session. After the closing of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made in-depth thinking.

　　"In the new era of reform, opening up and socialist modernization, China has made great strides to catch up with the times, relying on reform and opening up."

　　"Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the cause of the party and the state has made historic achievements and historic changes, relying on reform and opening up."

　　"In the new era and new journey, to create a new situation in Chinese modernization, we still have to rely on reform and opening up."

　　Looking at the distance and seeing the sun through the clouds, the judgment of the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader is clear and firm.

　　In the logic of historical progress, the way forward is the right path in the world, and only in the trend of the development of the times can development reach a higher level — —

　　It is urgent to further deepen the reform in an all-round way to unite people’s hearts and gather strength and realize the central task of the party in the new era and new journey;

　　To improve and develop the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, it is urgent to further comprehensively deepen the reform;

　　To promote high-quality development and better adapt to the major contradictions and changes in our society, it is urgent to further comprehensively deepen reforms;

　　It is urgent to further deepen the reform in an all-round way to cope with major risk challenges and promote the stability and far-reaching cause of the party and the state … …

　　In November, 2023, Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee successively held meetings and made a significant and far-reaching decision — — The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China focused on studying and making decisions on further comprehensively deepening reform and promoting Chinese-style modernization.

　　At the same time, a document drafting group was established for the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, with the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader personally as the head of the document drafting group.

　　Why is the theme of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee determined to further comprehensively deepen reform and promote Chinese modernization?

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader hit the nail on the head: "It is to release to the domestic and international a strong signal that we will unswervingly hold high the banner of reform and opening up."

　　Open the long lens of history, stand on the overall development of the cause of the party and the country, and better understand the profound meaning of this theme.

　　To promote Chinese modernization, we must further deepen reform in an all-round way — —

　　Chinese-style modernization is an unprecedented pioneering undertaking with unprecedented arduousness and complexity, and all kinds of uncertain and unpredictable risk challenges are bound to be encountered on the way forward. At present, the world’s century-old changes have accelerated its evolution, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation has developed in depth, and the world has entered a new period of turbulent change. China’s development strategic opportunities and risk challenges coexist, and the problem of insufficient development imbalance is still outstanding, and many deep-seated contradictions cannot be avoided. To solve and respond to these contradictions, we must rely on further comprehensive deepening of reform.

　　To further deepen the reform in an all-round way, we must focus on Chinese modernization — —

　　Planning and deploying reforms around the party’s central task is a successful experience of the party’s leadership in reform and opening up. It is the central task of the party to comprehensively promote the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with Chinese modernization in the new era and new journey. Further comprehensive deepening of reform must be planned and carried out closely around promoting Chinese modernization to ensure that the goals are clear and targeted.

　　Further comprehensively deepening reform and promoting Chinese modernization are closely linked and internally unified.

　　As General Secretary of the Supreme Leader said: "The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has made strategic arrangements for promoting Chinese modernization. To put these strategic arrangements into practice and turn the blueprint for Chinese modernization into reality, it is fundamental to further comprehensively deepen reforms, constantly improve various institutional mechanisms, remove various obstacles, and continuously stimulate vitality and add momentum to Chinese modernization. "

　　Set the outline and make progress with the momentum.

　　During repeated investigations, discussions and exchanges, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly expounded the great significance, guiding principles, objectives and tasks, major measures, scientific path and other major theoretical and practical issues of further comprehensively deepening reform and promoting Chinese-style modernization, providing strong guidance for drafting documents for the plenary session.

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader clearly pointed out that the plenary session should grasp the major institutional and institutional issues, deep-seated contradictions and problems that need to be solved to promote Chinese modernization, conduct in-depth research, deepen understanding, identify the crux, scientifically plan the strategic focus, priority order, main attack direction, working mechanism and promotion mode of reform, and form an overall plan for further comprehensive deepening of reform on this basis.

　　"We must conform to the new trend of the times, the new requirements of practice and development, and the new expectations of the people. With the strong determination to reform to the end, we will not detour or evade, be serious and dare to face hardships, resolutely remove all institutional obstacles and constraints that hinder the smooth progress of Chinese-style modernization, and strive to form a vivid situation of precise, coordinated, sustained and solid promotion of Chinese-style modernization."

　　The banner of reform is held high, and the tide of the times is unstoppable.

　　Gather wisdom and public opinion to build a consensus of confidence — — The drafting of the document has always been carried out under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, and the promotion of democracy and brainstorming runs through the whole process.

　　December 8, 2023, Beijing Zhongnanhai. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader presided over the first plenary meeting of the document drafting group of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee.

　　"The CPC Central Committee has given everyone the important task of drafting the document of the Third Plenary Session of the Twentieth CPC Central Committee, which is a full trust for everyone and an honor and responsibility for everyone." Facing more than 70 comrades of the document drafting group present, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward a request: "I hope that everyone will work together and work hard in a spirit of loyalty and high responsibility to the Party to complete the task of drafting the plenary document assigned by the CPC Central Committee."

　　Since then, more than 200 days and nights, the drafting of documents has been in full swing, and we have gone all out to come up with a reform document that can unite the majestic strength of the whole party and the people of all nationalities in the new era and new journey.

　　Further deepening the reform in an all-round way is based on the great achievements made in the reform and opening up for more than 40 years, especially since the new era. At the beginning of the drafting of the document, everyone was thinking deeply: what are the main problems facing various fields? What system and mechanism problems, deep-seated contradictions and problems need to be solved to promote Chinese modernization?

　　"When the CPC Central Committee makes major decision-making arrangements, it must extensively carry forward democracy and concentrate the wisdom of the whole party and the whole country. This is also a successful experience for us to draft important documents of the party. " General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly stressed: "We should carry forward democracy and brainstorm ideas throughout the whole process of document drafting."

　　At the end of November 2023, the CPC Central Committee issued a notice to solicit opinions within the party on the issues of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee. At the same time, solicit opinions and suggestions from some non-party people through certain means.

　　Soon, with the investigation and thinking of the party’s national conditions and world conditions, and the wisdom of all aspects, 111 opinions and suggestions were gathered from all directions.

　　Research first, intention first.

　　To further deepen the reform in an all-round way, we must find out the family background and identify the problems on the basis of in-depth investigation and research, so as to achieve targeted efforts and accurate solutions.

　　Pingchouwoye, clear water around the field. On March 19th, 2024, during the spring ploughing season, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader came to Xiejiapu Town, Dingcheng District, Changde City, Hunan Province for a comprehensive demonstration area of 10,000 mu of grain production, carefully inspected the agricultural situation, and had cordial exchanges with large grain growers and agricultural technicians … …

　　In spring ploughing, Xia Yun, autumn harvest and winter storage, the Supreme Leader General Secretary paid attention to the "China rice bowl" in many local inspections, and stood on the vast land to think about strengthening agriculture, benefiting farmers and enriching farmers and rural reform.

　　Sink down, get in, and find the answer in the great practice of reform and opening up — — The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader set an example by himself.

　　Along the direction guided by the General Secretary, the document drafting group continued to study and understand Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, especially a series of new ideas, new viewpoints and new conclusions of the General Secretary on comprehensively deepening reform, and studied how to put the General Secretary’s thought, the intention of the CPC Central Committee and the requirements of the new era into place through further comprehensively deepening reform.

　　At the same time, in accordance with the requirements of the Supreme Leader General Secretary and the arrangement of the CPC Central Committee, the document drafting group earnestly carried out investigation and study, further thought, digested and absorbed in the investigation, gathered wisdom from all sides, and formed a more concentrated focus of reform.

　　In December 2023, a plenary meeting was held to investigate and deploy key topics, and 55 relevant central departments and units were arranged to conduct research on 38 key topics. Since then, 78 research reports have been formed. At the same time, 16 research groups were formed to go to various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and relevant central departments and units for investigation.

　　From the end of December 2023, we will listen to the opinions of the relevant leading comrades of the party and the state and the main leading comrades at the provincial and ministerial levels on the topics of the plenary session, conduct one-on-one interviews, and form an interview record of one person and one draft.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader looked at the opinions of leading comrades of the Party and the state and the interview reports of leading comrades at the provincial and ministerial levels one by one, and also made comments on important opinions and suggestions.

　　Direct research, entrusting departments and institutions to conduct research, conducting special argumentation, and listening to expert opinions … … One major reform proposition, it is in this research process that the answer is constantly drawn.

　　It is a fundamental question to further deepen the reform in an all-round way.

　　In this regard, the Supreme Leader General Secretary firmly said: "No matter how the reform is changed, the fundamental things such as adhering to the party’s overall leadership, adhering to Marxism, adhering to the Socialism with Chinese characteristics Road, and adhering to the people’s democratic dictatorship must never be shaken. At the same time, we must dare to innovate, change what should be changed and what can be changed, and firmly grasp it."

　　In the mind of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary, the plenary session decided that "it should be a document that can play an overall and leading role in further comprehensively deepening reform, and it is necessary to focus more on key points and focus on major strategic reform measures related to Chinese modernization".

　　"The general reform measures are not written, the development measures are not written, and the reform measures that the central government has deployed and implemented are not written, and we strive to make the reform of the decision draft more complete and more innovative."

　　From the important speeches of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, relevant important documents, feedback opinions and suggestions from various departments and units in various regions, special investigation reports, interview materials, research reports and other materials, the important reform measures in relevant fields are systematically sorted out, and the account and list of reform measures are summarized to provide a solid theoretical and practical basis for the drafting of the draft decision.

　　Pick the gold from the sand and choose the important one. After repeated comparison, research and demonstration, while highlighting the strategic and forward-looking, we pay attention to the pertinence and operability of reform measures, and include the major reform measures that are most needed for the development of the cause of the party and the state, the most anticipated by the people, the most urgent for promoting economic and social development, and the most realistic conditions.

　　According to the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on doing a good job in the research and demonstration of important reform measures, 53 departments and units have been entrusted to organize the demonstration of 21 reform measures, and they have been screened and selected according to the demonstration results — —

　　For the reform measures with high consensus, the relevant departments and units have expressed their approval and decisively included them;

　　For the reform measures that have a high degree of consensus, but need to be further improved in specific expressions, we should carefully study and absorb them according to relevant opinions and suggestions, and modify and improve the expressions.

　　On May 7, 2024, it was decided to issue a draft for comments and solicit opinions from all sides.

　　"The purpose of holding a symposium today is to listen to your opinions and suggestions face to face." On May 20th, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader presided over a forum for non-party members to listen to the opinions and suggestions of the leaders of the central committees of democratic parties, the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce and representatives of non-party members on the final draft.

　　At the meeting, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader carefully recorded, interjected from time to time, and had in-depth exchanges with you. At the end of the meeting, the General Secretary urged: "After today’s symposium, you can continue to think and study deeply, collect the situations worthy of attention in various fields and the opinions and suggestions that are reflected in various aspects, and reflect them to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in time to make positive contributions to the opening of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee."

　　A few days later, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader hosted a symposium for enterprises and experts in Jinan, Shandong Province, and listened to everyone’s opinions and suggestions on deepening the reform of the power system, developing venture capital, upgrading traditional industries with scientific and technological transformation, and optimizing the business environment of foreign-funded enterprises.

　　Careful people can easily find that there are not only representatives of state-owned enterprises and private enterprises, but also representatives of foreign-funded enterprises attending the forum. The publication of the reform document has gathered the broadest public opinion and wisdom.

　　A few times, repeated revisions. In more than seven months, the final draft was carefully scrutinized and polished, and the process draft was as many as 38 times. From major judgments and major initiatives to written expressions and diction, we strive to be pragmatic, rigorous and accurate.

　　As of May 30th, 1911 amendments were put forward by various departments in various regions, and 1756 amendments were made after deducting repeated opinions, including 135 in principle and 1621 in detail.

　　After careful study of these opinions and suggestions, we absorbed as much as possible and made 221 amendments.

　　The process of deciding to draft is a process of planning and promoting reform, and it is also a process of inspiring and fighting spirit.

　　In the meantime, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader presided over the The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) Conference for three times and the Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party Review Plenary Session for two times. He carefully reviewed each draft submitted by the drafting group for correcting documents and made important instructions for many times.

　　Deliberating, demonstrating and studying over and over again, revising, enriching and perfecting over and over again, the decision draft is becoming more and more mature in repeated polishing day and night.

　　On the morning of July 15th, this document bearing the historical mission and gathering the party’s heart and public opinion was placed in front of all the comrades attending the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader explained the Decision (Discussion Draft) to the plenary session.

　　The 199 members of the Central Committee, 165 alternate members of the Central Committee and comrades attending the meeting were divided into 10 groups to have in-depth exchanges and discussions and put forward opinions and suggestions.

　　After full discussion, the participating comrades put forward 205 amendments. Based on these opinions and suggestions, the document drafting group put forward suggestions for revision of the discussion draft.

　　On the evening of July 17th, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader presided over the The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) meeting, listened to the report on the discussion of all groups in the plenary session and the suggestions of the drafting group on the revision of the document, and made 25 amendments to the final draft. The revised draft was submitted to the plenary group for comments again on the morning of the 18th, and then two amendments were made to form the draft Decision.

　　Comrades attending the meeting unanimously stated that the "Decision" has a clear theme, a cohesive mind, a reasonable layout, prominent focus, clear direction and specific measures, which fully embodies the strong determination, political responsibility and historical initiative of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core to further comprehensively deepen reform and promote Chinese modernization. It is a re-declaration of what flag to raise and what road to take in the new era and new journey, and will certainly inject strong impetus into the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation.

　　Comrades attending the meeting agreed that we are full of confidence and confidence in continuing to advance on the basis of the successful practice and great achievements of comprehensively deepening reform since the new era. With the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader as the core of the CPC Central Committee and the core of the whole Party at the helm, and with the scientific guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era of the Supreme Leader, the great ship China will surely break the waves to further comprehensively deepen reform and open up a bright future for Chinese modernization.

　　Draw a new chapter of the times on the grand plan of reform — — Do a good job in the implementation of reform with the spirit of nailing nails, and turn the strategic deployment of further comprehensive deepening reform into a powerful force to promote Chinese modernization

　　"Pass!"

　　On the afternoon of July 18th, the Great Hall of the People. The voice of the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader just fell, and the venue rang with prolonged warm applause.

　　This is a continuation of the practice of comprehensively deepening reform since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, and it is also a new chapter in the era of promoting Chinese modernization in the new journey. In the critical period of promoting the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation, the Decision deeply analyzed the new situation and new problems faced by promoting Chinese-style modernization, scientifically planned the overall deployment of further deepening reform around Chinese-style modernization, and held high the great banner of reform and opening up on the new journey.

　　The document of more than 20,000 words outlines the blueprint for the reform of the century-old big party, which is full of vigor and perseverance, and bears witness to the sonorous footsteps of Chinese sons and daughters who are brave and struggling.

　　The Decision consists of 15 parts, which can be divided into three parts: "1+13+1". The first section is a general introduction, which mainly expounds the great significance and overall requirements of further comprehensively deepening reform and promoting Chinese modernization. The second part is the sub-discussion, with the economic system reform as the traction, comprehensively deploying reforms in all fields and aspects. The third section mainly focuses on strengthening the party’s leadership over reform and deepening the reform of the party’s construction system.

　　It has been noted that there are 60 draft decisions, which are just in line with the 60 measures of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, and at the same time, they show distinct characteristics in theory and practice.

　　Adhere to the goal orientation, run through and embody the theme of Chinese modernization — —

　　Standing at a new historical starting point, the "Decision" clarifies the overall goal of further comprehensively deepening the reform: continue to improve and develop the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. By 2035, a high-level socialist market economy system will be fully established, Socialism with Chinese characteristics system will be more perfect, the national governance system and governance capacity will be basically modernized, and socialist modernization will be basically realized, laying a solid foundation for building a socialist modernization power in an all-round way by the middle of this century.

　　This overall goal is not only in line with the overall goal of comprehensively deepening reform set by the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, but also in line with the strategic deployment made by the 20th CPC National Congress, which has defined the goal orientation for further comprehensively deepening reform.

　　The "Decision" is carefully designed around the promotion of Chinese modernization and the implementation of the Party’s 20th strategic plan, and puts forward "seven focuses" focusing on building a high-level socialist market economic system, developing people’s democracy in the whole process, building a socialist cultural power, improving people’s quality of life, building a beautiful China, building a higher level of peaceful China, and improving the Party’s leadership level and long-term ruling ability, which covers the strategic focus of promoting Chinese modernization as a whole.

　　In order to ensure that the reform ship is sailing steadily, the "Decision" puts forward that to further comprehensively deepen the reform, we must implement the "six persistences" principle: adhere to the overall leadership of the party, adhere to the people-centered, adhere to the integrity and innovation, adhere to the system construction as the main line, adhere to the comprehensive rule of law, and adhere to the system concept.

　　The principle of "six persistences" is a scientific summary of the valuable experience of comprehensively deepening reform since the reform and opening up, especially in the new era, and must be conscientiously implemented in further comprehensively deepening reform.

　　Highlight the key points of reform and grasp the "bull’s nose" of further comprehensively deepening reform — —

　　The reform of economic system is the traction to further deepen reform in an all-round way. Among the 13 parts of the Decision, there are 6 parts related to the economic field, which shows its weight.

　　The "Decision" puts the construction of a high-level socialist market economic system in a prominent position, grasps the key areas and key links of economic system reform, and draws and drives other reforms:

　　Promote the optimization of the layout and structural adjustment of the state-owned economy, formulate the law on the promotion of private economy, prevent and correct the use of administrative and criminal means to intervene in economic disputes, clean up and abolish various regulations and practices that hinder the unified market and fair competition in the country, and implement the same responsibility, the same crime and the same punishment for acts that infringe on the economic property rights and legitimate interests of all forms of ownership … …

　　At the same time, the "Decision" proposes to improve the system and mechanism of developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions, strengthen the supply of new fields and new track systems, establish a future industrial investment growth mechanism, deepen the reform of the fiscal and taxation system, increase local independent financial resources, and expand local tax sources, so as to further shape development momentum and stimulate economic vitality through reform.

　　Not only in the economic field, but also in politics, culture, society, ecological civilization, national security, national defense and the army … … The "Decision" adheres to the unity of demand orientation and problem orientation, grasps the main contradictions, enhances foresight and operability, effectively eliminates all aspects of problems and risk challenges faced by promoting Chinese modernization through reform, and promotes the better adaptation of production relations and productivity, superstructure and economic base, state governance and social development.

　　Adhere to the people first, and plan and promote reform from the overall interests, fundamental interests and long-term interests of the people — —

　　Turning to the full text of the Decision, I found that the seemingly insignificant little thing of students’ internship practice was also written into the central document.

　　What the people care about and expect, what the reform must grasp and promote. A series of reform measures put forward in the Decision are needed by development, but also the aspiration of the people, and constantly meet the people’s yearning for a better life:

　　We will improve the social security system for flexible employees, migrant workers and people with new employment forms, completely abolish the household registration restrictions in places of employment, accelerate the construction of a new real estate development model, improve the population development support and service system, improve the maternity support policy system and incentive mechanism, and steadily and orderly promote the gradual reform of delaying the statutory retirement age in accordance with the principles of voluntariness and flexibility & HELIP; …

　　People-centered development thought will shine more brightly in further comprehensive deepening reform.

　　Pay attention to system integration, and all aspects of reform cooperate with each other and cooperate efficiently — —

　　Those who are good at playing seek potential, and those who are good at planning reach far. As a political document that has an overall and long-term guiding role in the development of the cause of the party and the state, the "Decision" proposes reform measures from the overall situation of the work of the party and the state, plans major measures with basic and traction functions, strengthens the coordination of various reform measures, and strengthens the integration of similar reform measures in related fields.

　　A distinctive feature of the Decision is that it pays more attention to system integration, takes the goals, tasks and major issues of promoting Chinese modernization as the guide, and plans to further comprehensively deepen the reform under the framework of coordinating the overall layout of the "five in one" and coordinating the promotion of the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, and strengthen the overall planning and systematic layout of the reform to ensure that the reform is more cohesive, coordinated and efficient.

　　Taking "building a system and mechanism to support all-round innovation" as an example, the "Decision" promotes the reform of the system and mechanism of educational science and technology talents as a whole, and promotes the reform measures in all fields to work in the same direction and form a joint force to enhance the overall efficiency of the national innovation system.

　　Strengthen political guarantee and lead the great social revolution with the party’s self-revolution — —

　　The key to China’s success lies in the Party. To further deepen reform in an all-round way and promote Chinese modernization, we must constantly improve the party’s leadership level and earnestly strengthen and improve party building.

　　The "Decision" devotes a part to the party’s leadership and the reform of the party’s construction system, which not only regards upholding and strengthening the party’s leadership as the political guidance and political guarantee for further deepening the reform in an all-round way, but also continuously promotes the new great project of party building in the new era.

　　Improve the implementation mechanism of major decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, improve the system and mechanism of preventing formalism and bureaucracy, improve the mechanism of investigating and treating unhealthy practices and corruption problems together, and enrich the effective method of preventing and treating new corruption and hidden corruption … … A series of major measures fully reflect the firmness and sobriety of persistently promoting the comprehensive and strict administration of the party.

　　The tide of reform has risen and drums have been drummed to urge the levy. However, if you don’t settle down and implement it, no matter how good the goal is, no matter how good the blueprint is, it is just a flower in the mirror and a moon in the water.

　　The last of the 60 articles in the "Decision" emphasizes "doing a good job in the implementation of reform with the spirit of nailing nails". Leading cadres at all levels will draw a blueprint to the end and work one after another, which will certainly turn the strategic deployment of further comprehensively deepening reform into a powerful force to promote Chinese modernization.

　　It is a declaration of raising the flag and orientation, and it is also a road map to overcome difficulties. The "Decision" condenses our party’s accurate judgment on the environment, risks, challenges and strategic direction of the times, its profound grasp of the major principles, overall goals and main direction of comprehensively deepening reform, and its foresight and determination and courage to carry out the reform to the end.

　　Looking back at the mountain of history, from the beginning of a new era of reform, opening up and socialist modernization, to the beginning of a new era of comprehensive deepening reform, systematic overall design to promote a new journey of reform, and then to promote comprehensive deepening reform to March in breadth and depth, the three "Third Plenary Sessions" are consistent and in the same strain:

　　— — The Communist Party of China (CPC) people are determined to move forward. In the face of all kinds of risk tests, we will never change our mind, never change our ways, never be afraid of clouds, and firmly hold the destiny of China’s development and progress in our own hands.

　　— — Always insist on seeking truth from facts, set a firm goal and act steadily. For the problems that have appeared and may appear in the reform process, we should not make "hasty rules" or "draw a pie", but overcome the difficulties one by one and solve the problems one by one. We are both brave and good at responding.

　　— — Always regard the affairs of ordinary people as the most important thing. Adhere to everything for the people, to meet the people’s growing needs for a better life as the starting point and the end result, and to take the people as the center as the logical starting point and value destination for planning and promoting reform and testing reform results.

　　— — Forging a strong leadership core. Always maintain a high degree of consciousness of leading the social revolution with the party’s self-revolution, persist in governing the party with the spirit of reform and strict standards, and ensure that our party constantly moves from victory to new victory.

　　It has also stepped on the peak to create a new sky, which has made Yun Fan stand on the forefront.

　　The whole party, the whole army and the people of all nationalities in China are more closely United around the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, fully implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, and constantly transform the freehand brushwork of the Decision into meticulous brushwork and construction drawings. Further comprehensive deepening of reform will surely lead to steady steps, Chinese modernization will surely stride forward, and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation will surely show brighter prospects!

　　Text reporters: Zhang Xiaosong, Lin Hui, Hu Hao.

　　Poster design: Jiang Zihan

　　Editor: Zhu Siming, Zhang Aifang, Jin Xiaoqian, Lin Ge, Qi Wenjuan, Qian Yi, Deng Jian, Cheng Hao.

　　Coordinator: Fang Sixian and Zhou Yongyan

In the digital age, mobile phone traffic has become an indispensable part of our daily life. However, for many users, the charging method after the traffic exceeds the package limit is a relatively vague concept. This paper will analyze the charging mechanism of mobile phone traffic in detail to help you better understand and control your traffic consumption.

First of all, we need to be clear that different mobile phone operators may have different charging methods after the traffic exceeds. Generally speaking, there are mainly the following charging modes:

* * 1. Charge according to the standard tariff outside the package * *

This is the most common billing method. Once the user’s traffic exceeds the package limit, the operator will charge at a fixed price per MB or GB. For example, an operator may stipulate that the excess traffic is charged at 0.29 yuan /MB. Therefore, after users exceed the traffic, the amount they need to pay will be directly proportional to the amount of excess traffic they use.

* * II. Step-by-step billing * *

Different from charging according to the standard tariff outside the package, under the step-by-step charging method, the cost beyond the flow will change according to the different usage. For example, the first 100MB of excess traffic may be charged at a higher price, while the part beyond 100MB may be charged at a lower price. This billing method aims to encourage users to use traffic reasonably and avoid unnecessary waste.

* * Third, there is no charge for speed limit * *

When the user’s traffic exceeds the package limit, some operators will adopt the strategy of speed limit and no charge. That is, users’ internet access speed will be limited, but no extra fees will be charged. Although this method will not affect users’ normal call and SMS functions, it will reduce the online experience, especially in application scenarios that need high-speed network support.

* * IV. Flow refueling package * *

In order to meet the needs of users to temporarily increase traffic, some operators also provide traffic refueling package services. Users can order fuel packs when the traffic is insufficient to obtain additional traffic resources. The advantage of this method is that users can flexibly choose the traffic quota according to their own needs and avoid unnecessary waste.

After understanding these charging methods, we need to pay attention to some usage details. First of all, we should always pay attention to our own traffic usage and avoid unnecessary traffic waste. Secondly, when the traffic is about to run out, we can consider shutting down some unnecessary network applications or functions to save traffic. Finally, when it is necessary to temporarily increase the flow, priority can be given to ordering the flow refueling package to avoid the high cost caused by exceeding the package limit.

Generally speaking, there are various charging methods after mobile phone traffic is exceeded. Users should fully understand the characteristics and applicable scenarios of various charging methods when choosing a package, so as to better control their traffic consumption.

Under the leadership of Su Yongqiang, Shen Gu survived the most difficult stage in history and finally turned the corner.

In January 2006, at the national science and technology conference, the national leaders formally put forward the policy of "independent innovation". A month later, the State Council issued "Several Opinions on Accelerating the Revitalization of Equipment Manufacturing Industry" (the State Council No.8 Document in 2006), which proposed that "we should select a number of major technical equipment and products that have an important impact on national economic security and national defense construction, have a significant effect on promoting the sustainable development of the national economy, have a positive driving role in structural adjustment and industrial upgrading, and can expand the market share of independent equipment as soon as possible, and increase policy support and guidance to achieve major breakthroughs in key areas."

Among the 16 key breakthrough areas listed in this document, two are directly related to Shengu, namely, the localization of large-scale ethylene complete sets of equipment of one million tons and the research and development of large-scale coal chemical complete sets of equipment. The transformation of the country’s major policies has provided conditions for the all-round breakthrough of Shen Gu.

Text | Lu Feng Wang Chen Guo Nianshun Peking University School of Government Administration

Editor | Xie Fang looks at the think tank

In order to reprint the original articles of Wangzhi think tank, please indicate the source of Wangzhi think tank (zhczyj) and the author’s information before the article, otherwise the legal responsibility will be strictly investigated.

one

"Localization" has finally entered the room.

While China’s 300,000-ton ethylene equipment has not been made in China, the international ethylene equipment continues to develop to a large scale, and a million-ton ethylene plant was built in the second half of 1990s. After entering the 21st century, China has also built three million-ton ethylene projects with the international trend, namely, the 900,000-ton ethylene project of Shanghai Secco Petrochemical Co., Ltd., the 800,000-ton/year ethylene project of China Shipping Shell, the 10,000-ton oil refining project of Dushanzi Petrochemical Company of PetroChina and the 1,000-ton ethylene project. However, they all did not use domestic main equipment because of joint ventures and other reasons.

Shengu Group. Figure | Figure worm creativity

At that time, excessive dependence on imported equipment has become a stumbling block to the development of petrochemical industry in China. In a report to the National Development and Reform Commission, Sinopec wrote: "In recent years, the shortage of international special equipment and materials resources has brought great pressure on the supply of equipment in the domestic petrochemical industry. For example, the supply of large-scale units such as ethylene’ three machines’ (cracking gas compressor, propylene compressor and ethylene compressor) is very tight in the global market, and some foreign manufacturers often do not respond to domestic inquiries. The delivery time has been extended from 12 months in 2003 to 22-24 months in 2007, and the price has nearly doubled. "[1].

Obviously, if the equipment is not localized, the petrochemical industry in China, which has entered a high-growth track, will be curbed.

The first self-built million-ton ethylene project in China was the 1 million-ton/year ethylene reconstruction and expansion project of Maoming Petrochemical Company, which was formally started in December 2004 and completed in September 2006. It was based on the 360,000-ton/year ethylene project of Maoming Petrochemical Company. According to the report on the website of SASAC, "448 of the total 510 cracking units in the project are made in China, and the localization rate of the equipment is 87.8%. Not only the new technology of ethylene cracking and ethylene recovery jointly developed by China Petrochemical and Rhuems Company of the United States is adopted, but also some core equipment such as ethylene cracking gas compressor and cold box are localized." [2] The cracked gas compressor mentioned in this report is provided by Shen Gu, but at the enterprise level, the actual situation is not so "politically correct".

When Maoming Petrochemical signed a contract with Shen Gu, the venue ready for signing had been arranged. The boss in charge of technology of the other party took Su Yongqiang and said, let’s have a talk outside. Su Yongqiang asked him, "We have to sign this time. What’s your attitude now?" The other party said, "I still agree to import." When Sue asked why, he said, "Manager Su, you have to understand me. I know that you are capable and you can do well, but if you say it from my mouth, my head will be smashed." Most of the risks are understood, and the deeper reasons are not mentioned. You can sign if you have the ability, and I will serve you if you sign. " Su Yongqiang said he would sign it right away, but he still didn’t believe it. Of course, Su Yongqiang signed it-"Maybe I’m a competitive person, and I have to do what I can’t do."

Su Yongqiang.

The major turning point of "localization" is the establishment of the national policy of independent innovation. In June, 2006, according to "Several Opinions on Accelerating the Revitalization of Equipment Manufacturing Industry", the million-ton large-scale ethylene complete equipment was listed as the key point of localization by the National Development and Reform Commission. At that time, the localization rate of ethylene plant, PTA complete sets of technical equipment and natural gas long-distance pipeline equipment was required to be not less than 75%.

In this context, China decided to invest 20 billion yuan in Tianjin, Zhenhai and Fushun to build three million-ton ethylene projects, and gave Shengu Group the task of supporting "three units". However, to be on the safe side, the million-ton ethylene "three machines" developed by Shengu for the first time were not put into the same project, but were respectively assigned to three million-ton ethylene plants, namely, Sinopec Tianjin Petrochemical used cracking gas compressor, Sinopec Zhenhai Refining and Chemical Company used propylene compressor, and Fushun Petrochemical Company under PetroChina used ethylene compressor.

When Su Yongqiang took the "Shangfang Sword" (that is, the task assigned by the government department) to find the main leaders of the party group of big users, they still said that it was best to ask Zhang Guobao, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, to sign it. Su Yongqiang still remembers what Zhang Guobao said to him: Lao Su, I am the deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, and I have never signed for the enterprise. But you are special, and you are promoting localization. Although Deputy Director Zhang Guobao hesitated, he finally signed it on the spot. To put it bluntly, it is still risky, otherwise the project can be decided between enterprises.

People in petrochemical companies told Su Yongqiang that the value of one-time feeding of a million-ton ethylene plant is 160 million yuan. If there is something wrong with the "three machines" of ethylene, all the plants have to stop and all the raw materials of 160 million yuan have to be released. How many compressors do you have to buy? By May, 2007, all parties signed the contract, and Shengu Group began to undertake the research and development tasks of cracking gas compressor, propylene compressor and ethylene compressor of the million tons/year ethylene plant.

2

Break through the core technology again

In fact, Shen Gu has been preparing for the development of million-ton ethylene "three machines" for a long time, and has invested tens of millions of yuan in research and development expenses before getting the contract. Compressor is a customized large-scale complex product system. Without the application of specific engineering, it is of little significance to make an independent prototype. Therefore, Shen Gu’s product development is basically combined with engineering projects, that is, it is put into product development when there is an order. However, the research and development of related technologies for new products has actually started.

An important prerequisite for realizing large-scale equipment is the breakthrough of core technology. For the compressor with heavy drum, the first key technology is impeller. The large-scale compressor brings many practical problems: the reliability of large-size impeller operation, the quality problems caused by welding deformation, defects and thermal stress, and the corrosion of defective parts under bad working conditions.

In 2005, the R&D team headed by Cui Lianshun (female) began to develop the integral milling impeller that only GE mastered at that time. Integral milling impeller has attracted much attention because it is much better than welded impeller in material utilization rate, machining efficiency, machining quality and corrosion resistance, but the process of integral milling is very difficult. First of all, to process the general outline of the impeller on an extremely expensive low-temperature steel, even rough machining requires extremely fine requirements. The position of the first knife is particularly critical, and the whole blank may be scrapped if it is not careful. The tool used is a harder material than the billet, and the redundant part is removed one minute at a time during rotation. Then, this rough machined part is sent to the CNC milling machine for the most critical overall milling, and the straight cutter will mill spiral blades on this whole billet. This is an extremely complicated procedure, and the slightest error will make the whole project go to waste.

Integral milling impeller fixed on milling machine.

After two years’ efforts, Cui Lianshun’s team successfully developed a three-dimensional closed impeller with integral milling in May 2007, making Shengu one of the only two enterprises in the world to master this technology at that time. The maximum diameter of the impeller with integral milling is 1500mm(1.5 m), which has reached the advanced level in the world.

After 2007, Shengu continuously broke through the million-ton ethylene compressor, long-distance pipeline compressor and large air separation compressor because of the application of large-scale integral milling impeller technology. With this technology research and development as the foundation, Shengu has always maintained an outstanding record of "if you do it, you will succeed" in those large projects that adopt the first set of equipment.

three

The Battle of "Million Tons of Ethylene"

The foundation stone was laid in June 2006 for the million-ton ethylene project of Tianjin Petrochemical Company, and it was officially put into commercial operation in May 2010. The first million-ton cracked gas compressor developed by Shengu for this project was installed in June 2009. When this unit is appraised at the factory, the appraisal meeting will end in 20 minutes. Usually, this meeting will last at least two hours. Then why did it only last for 20 minutes? Because all the data displayed in the instrument are advanced, there is no question to ask after reading the report, and it will be passed directly.

Finally, the relevant leaders made a summary, saying that all indicators showed that this unit was an excellent one. He talked about an experience: after dealing with Shen Gu for so many years, our greatest experience is the enterprise characteristics of Shen Gu: as long as it is a difficult bone, a complex, risky and technically complex project, Shen Gu will certainly win it.

There is another episode. When this million-ton ethylene cracking gas compressor was tested in Shengu, Sinopec invited an expert from Mitsubishi Heavy Industries of Japan to verify it. This is because the only enterprise that can produce this kind of large centrifugal compressor in China is Shen Gu, so no experts other than Shen Gu can do third-party certification. Su Yongqiang was at the scene. Japanese experts carefully watched the whole experimental process of Shen Gu without saying a word, and looked at the data. After all the tests were finished, the leader of Sinopec asked the Japanese expert about his skills, but he still didn’t say anything, just raised his thumb-a world-class level.

Shengu is the cracking gas compressor unit provided by Sinopec Tianjin Petrochemical Company for the million-ton ethylene project.

Sinopec Zhenhai Refining and Chemical Company’s 1 million tons/year ethylene project started in November 2006 and was completed and put into operation in April 2010. Shengu developed the first million-ton propylene compressor unit in China. Both propylene compressor and ethylene compressor are refrigeration, and their working environment is low temperature (propylene is generally used for refrigeration users at -50~0℃).

Zhenhai Refining & Chemical Company, as a user, requires that all partitions of Shengu compressor should be designed and manufactured with low-temperature resistant plates or forgings. In order to reduce the impeller diameter of the unit as a whole, Shengu adopted a high-efficiency three-dimensional impeller with large flow coefficient, high energy head and high Mach number, which was newly developed by R&D department and verified by performance experiments. Since then, Shengu propylene compressor unit has continuously passed the six levels of product design, large-scale casing assembly welding, impeller milling, rotor high-speed balance, mechanical operation test and performance test, and passed the factory acceptance of Sinopec Acceptance Committee in May 2009.

The acceptance experts agreed that the performance index of the propylene compressor unit in the million-ton ethylene plant reached the requirement of the technical agreement that the power deviation of the whole unit should not be greater than 2% of the design power, and the overall technical level reached the international advanced level, breaking the situation that this kind of products depended on imports for a long time.

The ethylene compressor is the last breakthrough in the development of ethylene "three machines" in Shengu. Ethylene compressors are generally used for users of cryogenic separation (-102~-60℃), and Shen Gu didn’t wait until 2006 to develop ethylene compressors for the first time. At that time, Huajin Group in Panjin handed over the order of ethylene compressors for the 450,000-ton/year ethylene expansion project to Shen Gu.

The leading designer of this project is Jiang Yan, a female engineer born in 1973. Without this kind of compressor development experience and external technical knowledge sources, Jiang Yan team worked hard and put in 3 years’ efforts to produce the products. However, this unit, which was put into trial operation in the factory, encountered the problem of excessive vibration as soon as the production line of Huajin was turned on. The reason is that the operating condition of the factory is normal temperature, but it is ultra-low temperature when it is turned on. Jiang Yan and the team searched for technical defects one by one, and finally broke the core problem of rotor structure operating at ultra-low temperature, and realized the stable operation of the first domestic ethylene compressor on January 8, 2010.

The 800,000-ton/a ethylene plant of Fushun Petrochemical Company started construction in April 2009, and the design task of developing the first million-ton ethylene compressor in China by Shengu was also given to Jiang Yan. In this project, Jiang Yan once again showed the courage and creativity of the Shen Gu technical team who dared to go their own way.

The structure and manufacturing process of large-scale ethylene compressor are very different from those of conventional compressors, and the biggest technical problem is the gas charging structure. In order to improve the efficiency of the general compressor, when it is compressed to a certain temperature by several stages of impellers, the compressed medium must be cooled and then compressed. Jiang Yan thinks that if the million-ton ethylene compressor is designed according to this method, it is necessary to add multiple air ducts, which will inevitably divide one compressor into two, resulting in double cost and reduced efficiency.

During that time, Jiang Yan couldn’t eat or sleep, and his mind was full of gas flow field maps. By chance, a sample of a low-temperature rotor detonated her idea: isn’t ethylene at MINUS 100 degrees Celsius itself a refrigeration medium? There is no need to toss the gas inside and out at such a low temperature. After asking for instructions, she decided to adopt the method of filling gas in the cylinder in the million-ton ethylene compressor. However, it is a major change in the structure of the whole unit from adding gas into the cylinder to adding gas into the cylinder. How to optimize the gas flow field without external gas addition, make the two gas additions not interfere with each other, improve efficiency and reduce the difficulty of casing processing, etc., involves the whole production process such as design, technology, processing and manufacturing. And all these problems, Jiang Yan must be solved one by one in the design process of product production source.

Jiang Yan has been cornered many times, and it often took days and nights to design the structure, but it was rejected because of a small defect. However, she and her team didn’t give up. When a structure was rejected, they carefully studied what they could learn from and applied it to the next scheme. In this way, with little accumulation and little improvement, Jiang Yan team perfected the structural design scheme of the unit in constant self-denial. At the same time, they have done a lot of basic research, from rotor dynamics to fluid mechanics to model-level development, constantly calculating every detail of simulating gas flow. After repeated argumentation and simulation, they finally formed a perfect design scheme for filling gas in the compressor cylinder. Practice has proved that the in-cylinder aerated structure greatly improves the performance and efficiency of the product, which is better than foreign units in some aspects [3].

The ethylene compressor should not only meet the strength requirements of the machine, but also improve the efficiency. By optimizing the design of the rotating parts such as the impeller, the Jiang Yan team successively overcame the difficulties such as the rotor structure, and finally formed a perfect design scheme for the million-ton ethylene compressor.

On the evening of February 22nd, 2011, the first million-ton ethylene compressor set in China was successfully tested in the assembly workshop of Shengu Group. In October 2012, Fushun Petrochemical’s 800,000-ton ethylene production plant was completed and put into operation. Since then, Shengu Group has successively signed several large-scale ethylene projects such as Wuhan, Yanshan, Huanggang and Zhenhai, and Jiang Yan team has designed and manufactured 16 ethylene compressor units in three years.

With the continuous success in developing the first set of equipment, Shen Gu is more and more trusted by users. In August, 2011, Sinopec Group and its affiliated Wuhan Branch packaged the products at one time, and delivered the orders for 8 centrifugal compressor sets, 5 reciprocating compressor sets and 4 pumps for the 800,000-ton/a ethylene project in Wuhan to Shengu. The total contract amount exceeded 300 million yuan, including the complete design and manufacture of all ethylene "three machines".

In 2013, Sinopec Wuhan 800,000-ton ethylene project was completed and put into operation. For the first time, Shengu became the general contractor of the million-ton ethylene "three machines". This is a great success, which proves that Shengu has become the mainstream supplier of ethylene "three machines".

In July 2013, the second phase of CNOOC Huizhou Refining and Chemical Company started construction, which is a project to build 10 million tons/year oil refining and 1 million tons/year ethylene on the basis of the first phase of 12 million tons/year oil refining, and it is also the first refinery in the world to centrally process heavy crude oil with high acid content. Its 1.2 million tons/year ethylene production facility was the largest in China and the most advanced in the world at that time [4]. In September 2014, CNOOC signed a contract with Shengu to provide all ethylene "three machines" for Huizhou Refinery Phase II project. In April 2018, CNOOC Huizhou Refinery’s 1.2 million tons/year ethylene plant produced qualified propylene and ethylene products.

So far, Shengu has become one of the top compressor manufacturers in the world.

Zhongsha (Tianjin) Petrochemical Co., Ltd. (formerly Sinopec Tianjin Petrochemical Co., Ltd.) decided to expand its capacity after 10 years of operation of its million-ton ethylene plant. In July, 2020, the nitrogen test run of the cracking gas compressor unit of the largest domestic ethylene plant with a capacity of 1.3 million tons/year, which was installed by Shengu Group, was successful once, and the mechanical performance parameters of the unit reached the high-quality level. The successful commissioning of the unit modification indicates that Shengu Group has been in the leading position in the world in the research, modification and installation of the million-ton ethylene compressor unit.

"Localization" is an important reason why China has made great progress in ethylene production: during the 30 years from 1975 to 2005, China’s annual ethylene production reached 6 million tons, and in the 15 years since the breakthrough of domestic equipment, China’s annual ethylene production reached about 21.6 million tons, and China became the second largest ethylene producer in the world after the United States.

Figure: Ethylene production in China from 1970 to 2020 (thousand tons)

Source: National Bureau of Statistics.

four

The Battle of "Long-distance Pipeline"

After the compressor of large-scale ethylene plant, another "localization" campaign of Shengu is the long-distance natural gas pipeline compressor, which should start from the "West-East Gas Transmission Project".

In February 2000, the first meeting in the State Council approved the start of the "West-to-East Gas Transmission Project", which is a great project in China’s energy field and the largest national project after the Three Gorges. Up to now, the "West-East Gas Transmission Project" has been divided into three stages, namely, West Line 1, West Line 2 and West Line 3. The general situation is as follows.

The West First Line Project was officially started in July 2002, passing through major provincial administrative regions such as Xinjiang-Gansu-Ningxia-Shaanxi-Shanxi-Henan-Anhui-Jiangsu-Shanghai, and was completed in 2004.

The West Second Line Project started in 2009, passing through major provincial administrative regions such as Xinjiang-Gansu-Ningxia-Shaanxi-Henan-Hubei-Jiangxi-Guangdong, and was completed and put into operation by the end of 2012. The West Second Line is the longest pipeline in China so far, with the highest pipeline steel grade, the largest pipe diameter, the largest gas transmission capacity and the greatest energy saving and emission reduction effect. The trunk line and branch line are all over 8,700 kilometers long, and the natural gas transported has entered the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions along the southeast coast through 15 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). If we add the foreign Central Asian natural gas pipeline, it can be said to be an "underground Great Wall of Wan Li Pipeline".

The West Third Line Project started in October 2012. The trunk and branch lines pass through 10 provinces and autonomous regions in Xinjiang-Gansu-Ningxia-Shaanxi-Henan-Hubei-Hunan-Jiangxi-Fujian-Guangdong. The total length of trunk lines and branch lines is 7,378 kilometers, which was completed in August 2014.

However, at the beginning of the "West-to-East Gas Transmission Project", it was also a major project relying on imported equipment. The pipeline of "west-to-east gas transmission" needs a lot of equipment, and the compressor is one of the key equipment, and it is the most important key equipment. The flow of natural gas in the pipeline depends on the power provided by the compressor, so it is necessary to build a pressurizing station every 200 kilometers and pressurize it with the compressor. The key equipment, including compressors, of the West First Line Project are all imported, and almost all of the West Second Line Project are imported. However, the only foreign enterprises that can provide pipeline gas compressors are GE, Rolls-Royce and Siemens.

Sui Yongbin, the chief engineer and consultant of China Machinery Industry Federation, was once the deputy director of the Ministry of Machinery Industry, and he was a man of lofty ideals who campaigned for the localization of major technical equipment for decades. According to his explanation: "The localization of China gas pipeline should not start from now. In the 1970s, the idea of "Sichuan gas flowing out of Sichuan" was put forward. In order to cooperate with "Sichuan gas flowing out of Sichuan", Chinese equipment manufacturers began to develop pipeline ball valves and compressors, and developed gas starters to drive pipeline compressors. For various reasons, the project was finally terminated. "

China decided to launch the "West-to-East Gas Transmission Project", which once again brought opportunities to China equipment enterprises. In Sui Yongbin’s words, "domestic equipment manufacturers have been waiting for opportunities since the beginning of the construction of the first line of the West-to-East Gas Transmission Project, hoping that the key equipment of the long-distance natural gas pipeline in China can use domestic equipment" [5].

However, this wait is nine years.

Shen Gu has been tracking since 1999, when the country was brewing the "West-to-East Gas Transmission Project". Since the first demonstration meeting of localization, Su Yongqiang has participated in 14 of the 16 demonstration meetings, and made speeches at the meeting every time, arguing with arguments, but failed to win a project.

The argument of west-to-east gas transmission is soul-stirring. Sometimes, people from Shen Gu didn’t get a chance to speak at the meeting, so the meeting decided to import it, and we will mention it domestically next time. Before this, Shen Gu did not make a gas pipeline compressor, but this kind of machinery is not complicated from principle to manufacture, and there is no insurmountable technical obstacle for Shen Gu. The problem is not technology-if domestic equipment is used, once problems occur, 500 million people will have no food. Who will bear the risk? Once the compressor is started, it will keep running for 365 days a year, and once an accident occurs, it will affect the overall situation.

[Note: The compressor unit used to be overhauled after 8000 hours of operation, but it was extended to one and a half years, then three years, and now it is overhauled every five years. 】

Even with heavy resistance, Shen Gu has been preparing for entering the long-distance pipeline market. In 2006, Shengu won the contract for the first "cooperative production" compressor, which was designed by GE and manufactured by Shengu. In 2007, I got a prototype, all designed and assembled by Shen Gu, but the prime mover (motor) and frequency converter were bought from abroad, and finally three finished products were made. Although Shen Gu failed to win an order for his compressor, when the country held a commendation meeting for the West-East Gas Pipeline Project, it still commended Shen Gu as an advanced unit and gave Su Yongqiang an outstanding individual. The award was signed by the the State Council West-East Gas Pipeline Leading Group.

Su Yongqiang asked the leaders of the National Development and Reform Commission, who presided over the meeting, how could we be awarded advanced without providing a single unit? The leader’s answer is: users said that although they didn’t give Shen Gu an order, Shen Gu’s intervention allowed them to beat foreigners with Shen Gu and saved them old money, so Shen Gu made great contributions to the country. Su Yongqiang said, "If you want to say so, I deserve it."

The substantial progress of "localization" of the "West-to-East Gas Transmission Project" occurred at the beginning of the construction of the West Second Line.

In April, 2009, the National Energy Administration held a meeting on "Localization of Key Equipment of Natural Gas Long-distance Pipeline" in Shenyang, and decided to carry out the localization research and development of "20MW electric drive compressor set", "30MW gas drive compressor set" and "high-pressure large-diameter welded ball valve" for the West Second Line Project.

Under the organization and coordination of the National Energy Administration, PetroChina took the lead in name, and Shengu developed a 20MW electric drive compressor unit, CSIC 703 developed a 30MW electric drive compressor unit, Shanghai Electric Group and Harbin Electric Group made motors, Anshan Rongxin Electric Power and SVA made frequency conversion, and five companies formed a company. In July 2010, the high-pressure large-caliber welded ball valve was successfully developed in Chengdu; In November, 2011, 20MW electric drive compressor set was successfully developed in Shengu. So far, the key technologies and equipment that restrict the long-distance natural gas pipeline in China have been successfully developed.

PetroChina paid experts from GE to certify the prototype of Shengu, and the result was excellent. Someone at the scene deliberately "provoked" and asked the experts of GE: What do you think of the comparison with the GE unit? The foreign expert replied that everything was fine, and even he was happy when he said it-in fact, he knew that the index of Shengu unit was better than GE.

However, although the policy of "localization" has been decided at the government level, and even domestic equipment has begun to be developed, there are still many obstacles to adopting domestic equipment at the implementation level. During the two years from 2009 to 2011, the debate on whether to adopt domestic equipment in the West Second Line Project has been in a state of "tug-of-war": it was approved at this meeting and overturned next time; After another meeting, it was decided to make it in China, and it was overthrown next time …

After several round trips, Sui Yongbin proposed to plan a cartoon, and Su Yongqiang found a professor from Shenyang Luxun Academy of Fine Arts to draw it. The professor drew several editions and passed them on to Sui Yongbin. Sui said that the painting was wrong and did not reach the artistic conception. Su Yongqiang discussed with Professor Lumei again, explaining to him that this is like tug-of-war, which is related to whether you win or I win.

In the final version, a tug-of-war competition was designed. On one side, there were three foreigners, Siemens, Rollo and GE, and on the other side, there were a bunch of Chinese cheerleaders, with Sui Yongbin and Su Yongqiang at the head. Su Yongqiang said, "I’m the little fat guy on the side, and I look quite like him." The referee in the middle was PetroChina, to see who won, so he finally sided with Chinese. Sui Yongbin is satisfied with this cartoon. At the last demonstration meeting, Sui Yongbin couldn’t speak at that time, so he went up to tell the cartoon himself. Then each enterprise spoke, and as a result, opinions were still inconsistent during the break.

At the end of the meeting, the senior vice president of PetroChina came forward. Before making his final statement, he called Su Yongqiang and Sui Yongbin and said: You all know the responsibility of this matter, and you also know the reason why they don’t agree to adopt domestic equipment. It is that the risk is too great, not only economic risk, but also political risk. If something goes wrong, this job will be lost. He asked Su Yongqiang directly: Do you have confidence? Su Yongqiang said yes. Later, when the meeting resumed, the vice president spoke passionately about the fact that central enterprises must take responsibility, bear national responsibility and support the localization of equipment, which was quite exciting. Finally, the parties decided to sign.

In 2012, the first pipeline compressor independently developed by Shengu was installed as a backup machine in Gaoling pressurization station of the West Second Line. But no one expected that a dramatic scene would happen later: the foreign compressor as the main engine could not be started after maintenance, so it had to start the standby drum sinking unit urgently, and the drum sinking unit was successfully started at one time. This accident made the standby machine of Shen Gu instantly become the host machine.

Since then, the National Energy Administration has organized a national appraisal in Gaoling, and the pipeline compressor of Shengu has received three evaluations: first, the performance has all met the design requirements, and compared with foreign units, it is truly world-class; Second, the fastest driving speed, a successful driving, and foreign units can not do, it will take a long time to drive; Thirdly, the most surprising thing is that the noise of Shengu unit is much lower than that of foreign units. When Su Yongqiang went to the scene, the people who used the unit told him that the Shen Gu unit was so good that after the foreign unit was driven, the people at the scene could not hear each other, but they could hear each other when the Shen Gu unit was running. Shen Gu people never thought that their compressor had this advantage. Su Yongqiang said, in fact, as soon as the mechanical and pneumatic indicators are reached, the noise will naturally come down, so the low noise just shows that the technical performance of the Shen-Gu compressor is excellent.

Shengu’s long-distance pipeline compressor was a hit at Gaoling pressurization station in the later period of the second line project of "West-to-East Gas Transmission" and was highly appraised. At present, there are a few imported compressors driven by gas turbine, and all the electric-driven compressors have been made in China (the number of electric-driven compressors exceeds that of gas-driven compressors). In other words, the compressors used in the first line of the "West-to-East Gas Transmission Project" are 100% imported, and almost all the compressors used in the second line are imported. Up to then, about 300 compressors have been imported into the "West-to-East Gas Transmission Project", and a rough calculation has cost about 30 billion yuan, of which the tax revenue, profits, employment and experience accumulated do not belong to China.

Since 2009, Shengu has independently developed the electric-driven compressor for long-distance pipelines, made a prototype in 2011 and installed it on the spot in 2012 (since then, CSIC 703 has successfully developed a gas-driven pipeline compressor). Since the Shengu compressor was launched at Gaoling Station of the West Second Line, there is no imported pipeline compressor driven by electricity, and the West Third Line has been localized.

On June 26, 2017, three sets of PCL compressor units provided by Shengu Group for Sinopec’s "Sichuan-East Gas Transmission Project" gold station completed 72-hour commissioning test on site, and all indicators were normal and met the design requirements.

On December 28th, 2021, the annual gas transmission capacity of the West-to-East Gas Pipeline System, a landmark project of China’s western development, exceeded 100 billion cubic meters that day. The important reason for this achievement is that in 2018, the country implemented the natural gas pipeline interconnection and supply guarantee project, and Shengu Group provided 14 sets of compressors for this project, which were all put into production in January 2019. In December, 2020, the East Line Project of Sino-Russian Natural Gas Pipeline (Changling-Yongqing) was successfully put into operation, and Shengu provided the design, manufacture and on-site service of 15 compressor sets in 5 stations for this project.

five

Battle of "100,000 air separation"

When the country implemented the policy of adjusting the energy structure around 2010, the intensive processing of China’s rich coal resources (such as coal to oil, coal to natural gas, coal to olefins, coal to aromatics, etc.) required larger-scale air separation compressors. At that time, in the world, only two German companies, Siemens and Man Turbine, could produce the 100,000-class air separation compressor units needed by large-scale coal chemical plants, and China could only rely on imports.

However, for the competent authorities, the prospect of developing coal chemical industry entirely by imported equipment is "horrible": a set of 4 million tons/year coal indirect liquefaction oil-making device needs to produce 1.2 million Nm?3 oxygen; /Hr air separation island and 12 sets of air compressors with 100,000 air separation (oxygen production). By 2015, more than 70 sets of air separation compressors of this scale will be needed for coal chemical projects approved and to be approved by the state.

In October, 2011, the National Energy Administration organized a working conference on the localization of key equipment of Shenhua Ningmei’s 4 million tons/year coal indirect liquefaction project, and proposed that localization must be carried out. In 2013, of the 12 sets of 100,000 air separation units required for this project, 6 sets were acquired by Hangzhou Oxygen Machine Group (hereinafter referred to as "Hangzhou Oxygen"). After expert argumentation, the National Energy Administration decided to set aside one of the 12 compressor units originally planned to be imported for the air separation unit in Shenhua Ningmei Project as a pilot for localization, and requested Shengu to carry out the research and development of 100,000 air separation compressor units.

This is another challenging task: the design and production cycle of the compressor is one and a half years, and the on-site installation takes half a year, which adds up to a two-year cycle; If it is not successful at one time, the redevelopment will lose four years, and the whole project with an investment of tens of billions of yuan will have to wait. Therefore, Shen Gu must be successful once, which is the most difficult part of "localization".

Shenhua Ningmei planned to import 100,000 air separation compressors at that time, each of which needed 150 million yuan. After the news of Shen Gu’s "localization" came out, the compressor price of foreign enterprises immediately dropped to about 100 million yuan.

The cause and effect of this project once again shows the logic of the "localization" model: major projects to be built in China must use major technical equipment that has not been developed and manufactured in China, but it is at least financially infeasible to rely entirely on imported equipment. Therefore, the government put forward the "localization" policy for the purpose of reducing the cost of using advanced technical equipment and gave China enterprises market opportunities.

However, this time there is a fundamental difference-because Shen Gu is not the same. The key to understanding the road of Shengu lies in this: after entering the 21st century, every time Shengu completed the task of "localization", it did not copy the imported foreign compressor technology, but replaced the foreign compressor with a self-developed compressor.

In fact, Shen Gu has been preparing for this opportunity for many years. Shengu Group has been committed to the development of compressors for large-scale air separation units since 2002, and successfully delivered the first set of 40,000 air separation compressors in China to users in 2004. In the same year, under the condition of no contract, Shengu completed the manufacture and test of a prototype of 35,000 gear-assembled air compressor units by self-financing. In 2006, Shengu developed the first set of 52,000 air separation compressor units in China, which was successfully started after being delivered to users. In 2010, the Energy Bureau of the National Development and Reform Commission determined that Shengu Group was the only R&D center for large turbocompressors in China. In the same year, Shengu completed the research and development design of 50,000 multi-shaft and multi-stage gear assembled air separation booster unit by self-financing, and completed the manufacturing and testing work in 2012, which solved the technical problems of high-efficiency impeller model stage, rotor stability, core component materials and strength analysis, and completed the test verification of more than 20 independent research and development new technologies.

After accepting the task, Shen Gu designated the "Development Project of Compressor Unit Supporting 100,000-class Air Separation Equipment" as "Pioneer Project of Communist party member". Su Yongqiang, the chairman of the board of directors, is personally in charge, Dai Jishuang, the deputy general manager, is responsible for the implementation, and the chief designer of the project is Wang Chuanghua, the vice president of the battle-hardened design institute.

As it is another "first set" project, the technical team of Shengu has no experience to learn from, whether it is the structural design of compressors and superchargers, seals and shells. However, they rely on mature large-scale centrifugal compressor technology and large-scale axial compressor technology, and adopt the structural design of "axial+centrifugal" air compressor and multi-shaft and multi-stage gear assembled supercharger in the R&D and design process. They have successively overcome a series of technical problems, such as high-efficiency impeller design with large hub ratio mixed flow and small hub ratio and high Mach number, cooperative coupling of various complex flows, dynamic analysis of rotor with special structure, complex connection structure of rotor and stator, complete set design of unit equipment, control and adjustment of complex working conditions and so on.

In order to hand in the best technical solutions to users, they constantly communicate with Hangyang Group and users to ensure the accuracy of each parameter, and also cooperate with foreign enterprises in individual technical fields to ensure the advanced nature of various technologies.

In August 2013, Shengu won the trust and recognition of experts and users with its technical scheme and service concept, and signed a commercial contract with Hangzhou Oxygen Group (air separation unit) and Hangzhou Steam Turbine Group (supporting steam turbine) for Shenhua Ningmei super-large air separation unit.

The manufacturing process is also a challenge. In the rotor workshop, the compressor spindle, which weighs nearly 30 tons, needs to be combined horizontally in three stages, and it needs to be successful once. There is only a gap of 0.02-0.04mm between the left and right sections of the spindle and the middle section, which is equivalent to one tenth of the hair. A slight negligence in installation will give up all previous efforts. On average, the 44 bolts on the left and right sides of the spindle have to be hammered more than 800 times and stretched more than 1000 times by workers. The rotor length of the air compressor in the 100,000 air separation project is 76.6 meters, which requires more than 300 people to repeatedly scrutinize the safety of the tooling, equipment and site. Each impeller has a weight of one ton, so the operator should wear a safety belt and stand on the assembly frame more than 7 meters high to operate.

In the stator workshop, the processing technology of the central casing is complex, and the same process involves the coordinated operation of multiple teams. According to the product structure characteristics and process flow, the workshop worked out a special production plan for the central casing of the 100,000 air separation project, and decomposed the plan into each process, strictly controlled the planned time nodes, kept track of the production progress at all times, and rationally arranged personnel, and each link was taken care of by a special person, so as to ensure the seamless docking of all teams and groups and ensure the production and processing were foolproof.

In the structural workshop, Nie Wanlong, who has provided technical services for the group’s heavy and difficult products for many times, was selected as the technical "chief surgeon" from the pre-production technical preparation. After receiving the drawings of 100,000 air separation units, Nie Wanlong immediately carefully analyzed the rationality of each process link and possible problems, and communicated with the design, process and other departments to solve the problems one by one. Subsequently, this heavy baton in Nie Wanlong’s hand was passed to the "Shenyang Welding King"-the technician Zhen Bide. Zhen Bide never let go of any problem, keeping a close eye on the production of 100,000 air separation units, and working overtime every day has become a common practice.

Rotor of 100,000 air separation compressor.

The development of large-scale equipment, especially the first set of equipment, requires large-scale test means. The power of large-scale air compressor set for 100,000 air separation plant exceeds 60,000 kilowatts, so it is very difficult to design and manufacture. In order to ensure that the development of the unit is foolproof, the product must be tested at full speed, full pressure and full load before leaving the factory. In 2012, Shengu invested 700 million yuan to build a world-leading 100,000 kW test bench in Yingkou, which was approved by the National Energy Administration as the national "Construction Project of R&D (Experiment) Center for Large Turbine Compressor Units". According to the actual operating parameters of users, the test-bed can test all the equipment including compressor, turbine, auxiliary machine, control system and so on.

From July 23rd to August 3rd, 2015, the 100,000 air separation compressor unit independently developed by the R&D teams of Shengu Group, Hangzhou Steam Turbine Group and Hangzhou Oxygen Group has successfully carried out the performance tests of mechanical performance and aerodynamic performance at full speed and full pressure for three times, and all the performance indexes meet the requirements of the contract and reach the international advanced level. Soon after, on August 23rd, 100,000 Nm?3 with a length of 35 meters, a height of 15 meters and a weight of 478 tons; /h The air separation compressor unit was commissioned at Shengu Yingkou Experimental Base, and conquered more than 200 guests including leaders, experts and customers with excellent performance.

On May 15th, 2017, the first domestic air compressor set of 100,000-class air separation plant independently developed by Shengu Group was successfully commissioned, and the linkage test of No.12 air separation unit of Shenhua Ningmei coal indirect liquefaction demonstration project was successfully completed. The operation data showed that all mechanical properties and aerodynamic performance indexes of the unit reached the international advanced level. On July 11, 2017, this compressor unit was connected to the grid and produced qualified oxygen and nitrogen products. The oxygen and nitrogen quality indicators met the design requirements and the mechanical properties of the unit were stable. The user Shenhua Ningmei specially sent a happy news to pay tribute to all the staff of Shengu Project Department and awarded the honorary title of excellent supplier of Shengu Turbine Company’s coal-to-liquid project.

On August 25, 2017, China Machinery Industry Federation and China General Machinery Industry Association jointly hosted a demonstration project of 4 million tons/year coal indirect liquefaction in Shenhua Ningmei-an industrial operation review meeting of domestic 100,000 air separation units and air compressors. The final evaluation opinion proves that the domestic 100,000-unit air separation plant and air compressor are another breakthrough of major equipment in China, and their main technical performance has reached the advanced level of similar foreign plants and products, which can meet the needs of large-scale domestic coal chemical, petrochemical and metallurgical projects for 100,000-level and above air separation plants. It is recommended to popularize them as soon as possible.

The whole picture of the first 100,000 air separation compressor set in China manufactured by Shengu, Shenhua Ningmei site. (Source: Shen Gu official website)

The 100,000 air separation compressor unit is a major breakthrough of Shengu in recent years. From the process, the whole process of "localization" is relatively smooth due to the direct intervention of the state authorities. This also shows that the market of major projects is deeply influenced by the government, and the role of the government in promoting "localization" at the "system" level is irreplaceable.

Following the breakthrough of Shenhua Ningmei Project, Shengu received contracts from two other enterprises in succession. In April 2020, Shengu Group designed and manufactured two sets of 105,000 air separation compressor units for Ningxia Baofeng Energy Group, and produced qualified oxygen and nitrogen products. This is another major breakthrough in the development of large-scale air separation units in China after the successful start-up of 100,000 air separation units developed for Shenhua Ningmei in May 2017.

On the basis of accumulating several sets of design and manufacturing experience of compressor units in large-scale air separation units, Shen Gu has successively developed 60,000, 80,000, 100,000, 120,000 and 150,000 Nm?3; Independent research and development of large air separation units with /h class, with 60,000 to 150,000 Nm?3; The design and manufacturing capacity of serial centrifugal compressor sets for /h air separation units shows the prospect of a full range of domestic compressor sets for large-scale air separation units replacing imports in the field of large-scale coal chemical industry.

The technical and product breakthroughs of Shen Gu in the last 20 years can’t come together, so we can only describe the general situation. Importantly, Shengu’s products have covered the upstream, midstream and downstream of petrochemical industry, and have rushed to the forefront of the world in almost all fields, which is a great contribution made by Shengu to China’s industry. In addition to the aforementioned fields of ethylene and natural gas long-distance pipelines and coal chemical industry, the technical breakthrough of Shengu also includes the following fields: compressors for oil production and oil refining, compressors for natural gas liquefaction (LNG) refrigerants, compressors for fertilizer production devices, and compressors for chemical fiber production devices. In addition, Shengu also provides high-end pumps, such as nuclear power plant main pump and oil pipeline pump.

It can be said that Shengu has fully covered the large-scale compressor units needed by petrochemical industry, national defense and military industry, and its market share is roughly as follows: centrifugal compressor is 85%; Large blowers account for 40%; The reciprocating compressor in petrochemical industry is about 80%; High-end pumps range from 50% to 85% according to the variety.

It is precisely because Shengu quickly realized the large-scale compressor, the improvement of technical level and the enhancement of supporting capacity that it met the development of petrochemical industry in China in the past 20 years. The president-level leader of a big user personally said to Su Yongqiang: "Mr. Su, Shen Gu has made great contributions to the development of China petrochemical industry. Your contribution to the country should be measured not by how much profit Shen Gu has produced, but by the social contribution you have made to the country. With Shen Gu, we dare to say no in front of foreigners. "

Notes:

[1] The story behind Sinopec’s promotion of ethylene plant localization | Pang Hongming, Gas Separation, No.2, 2010, p.25.

[2] China’s first million-ton ethylene production base has been fully completed and put into operation | SASAC website, September 19, 2006

[3] Jiang Yan dictated: "Little Ben" designed the world’s top equipment | "Contemporary Model Workers", No.10, 2013, pp. 53-55.

[4] On December 15th, 2015, Dutch Shell Group and CNOOC signed the Agreement on Major Terms for Enhancing Cooperation in Daya Bay, and Shell Company participated in the construction and operation of the 1,000,000-ton/year ethylene plant in the second phase of CNOOC Huizhou Refining and Chemical Project.

[5] High-end equipment casts an energy artery —— Three "Forever" arguments on the localization process of the 20 MW electric drive compressor unit in the west-east gas pipeline | China Equipment, No.12, 2012, pp. 42-47.

Original title: "All-round Breakthrough of Localization"

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