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If you, as a product manager, were to design a smart phone for the blind, what would you do?

It is nothing new for blind people to use mobile phones. In the era when Nokia was still dominating traditional mobile phones, they could play their mobile phones as smoothly as normal people through physical buttons and voice prompts, and it was no problem to listen to music and make phone calls. Even with a huge base, the blind are still a marginal group, and it is difficult for them to enjoy the fun brought by intelligent technology like normal people.

There are many kinds of mobile phones for the blind in the market. Mobile phone manufacturers are following the product concept of "less is more", removing useless modules and highlighting core functions.No screen, multiple buttonsIt has become the "standard" for blind people’s mobile phones. Even if you go out with a mobile phone as ugly as a TV remote control, Who care? I can’t see it anyway, just use it.

However, simply relying on voice broadcast to exchange information can’t solve the contradiction between the blind people’s yearning for a better life and the single function of the special machine. And the barrier-free design in smart phones, with a bang, brought them Marxism, ah no, it brought them "a pair of eyes". In the jargon of our products, the special machine for the blind is the superficial demand-a faster horse, while the barrier-free service in smart phones is the train and car, which solves their deeper needs.

Barrier-free is relative to "disabled" people, which is what we often call disabled groups. Since the era of special machines for the blind, information barrier-free technical services have always been around.Phonetic assistanceWith the development of this core function, the blind can get voice feedback by touching physical keys, thus guiding further operation. But today’s mobile phonesThe screen is getting bigger and bigger, and there are fewer and fewer buttons.Without a comprehensive screen, I am embarrassed to open a press conference. Everyone can’t wait to make the screen ratio the ultimate 100%. Chopin of B can’t play the sadness of the blind, but the information barrier-free technology of B has given this "useless" screen a new historical mission.

The two heroes, Android’s TalkBack and Apple’s VoiceOver, make the blind finally use the mobile phone screen, and the more they use it, the smoother it is! Blind people touch the screen and use different interactive gestures to identify the current content and perform functional operations through screen reading.

Instead of exquisite visual animation and flat design style, the focus of interaction falls on physical gestures. For example, normal people’s interactive operations such as "click to enter", "long press and drag" and "slide to cut the screen" on the mobile phone are all redefined in the barrier-free auxiliary mode, so blind people can use various program services more deeply without relying on the physical buttons of the mobile phone.

Take Apple’s mobile phone as an example. You can turn on or off the VoiceOver service in "Settings–General–Accessibility", and the interactive gestures of the mobile phone will change after turning on. Taking opening an APP as an example, the normal operation is to directly click the icon of the APP. However, in this mode, in order to prevent the blind from touching the APP by mistake, clicking the icon of the desktop APP will only read the name of the APP, and the blind will open the APP by double-clicking the screen when they touch the app that needs to be opened one by one through voice feedback. Looking at this text description alone, I already feel that the operation is cumbersome, but these new interactions have given them unlimited possibilities.

Although mainstream aesthetics runs counter to the actual needs of the blind, thanks to barrier-free design, the scenes of blind people using smart phones are enriched. Starting from scenes and user portraits, it solves the pain points of how blind people use smart phones, which is equivalent to solving most of the pain points in their lives:

Difficulties in traveling-insufficient blind road facilities, greatly affected by the weather, and scarce guide dogs;

Corresponding plan: travel apps (such as Didi, Shenzhou special car, using express car and other travel modes)

Social difficulties-narrow communication circle, daily access to information only by listening to the radio, and single information channel;

Corresponding solutions: news & social apps (such as WeChat, QQ, various news clients, voice chat or listening to news).

Difficulties in shopping-it is difficult to identify the authenticity of banknotes, and buying goods is easy to be stolen and shoddy;

Corresponding plan: shopping apps (such as Taobao and JD.COM, through voice search, you can buy various items without leaving home to solve the payment problem).

……

You don’t have to visit users, investigate the market, and try to figure out the product positioning and direction. Any analysis can dig out a lot of pain points in blind people’s lives, and each pain point seems to have corresponding APPs to "relieve pain". However, barrier-free service is not a panacea for blind people to use smart phones, and there are often embarrassing scenes with full ideals and skinny reality.

After the author’s experience for a period of time (my eyesight is normal), I will share with you the pit in the process of using the mobile phone barrier-free service.

I believe many people will feel dizzy when they see this picture, let alone people with visual defects. The verification code often appears at the entrance of websites, software or services. As a tool to verify identity, blind people who are stuck at the entrance are disqualified from normal use, and the unreadability of pictures makes the screen reading function useless. The most famous case is that the verification code of 12306 website (which doesn’t explain what you know) was brought to court by a blind person. Although it ended in the blind person losing the case, the verification code problem that plagued the blind person’s operation can no longer be ignored.

Voice verification code is a better solution, although its original intention is not for the blind, like some take-away apps will be used when registering. Due to cost and technical reasons, this service has not been used on a large scale. In addition, the general SMS verification code also meets the screen reading requirements of the system. The difference in user experience between PC and mobile also makes more blind people rely more and more on mobile phones.

Due to their own physical conditions, the education level of the blind is generally not high, so the input method has become a threshold for them to use smart devices. They haven’t learned five strokes, can’t pinyin, and can only write some simple words by hand, which leads them to stumble when using traditional input methods. The input process is full of difficulties and the output words are full of mistakes and omissions. After the simulation experience, I suddenly realized that the original "goddess" chat mode is such a thing: others say ten sentences, and you only reply slowly.

Since the emergence of voice chat applications like WeChat and the rise of various intelligent voice recognition input methods, this pain point has been well solved, which not only facilitates most "lazy people", but also relieves the urgent needs of the blind. I’m trying to read a short passage of about 100 words by using Iflytek’s voice input method. The speed of synchronous input and voice recognition is very fast, and the accuracy of words is over 99%. Of course, this is also limited to the reader’s Putonghua level. I believe that the development of artificial intelligence will make the recognition rate higher when the voice input method is used.

Android is a little girl who can be dressed up at will. Large mobile phone manufacturers will build their own customized Android system, and all kinds of ROM packages on the Internet are flying all over the sky. In order to pursue the simplification and smoothness of the system, some people often castrate most of the built-in services, including accessibility, while satisfying most of the target groups, they accidentally hurt this small group of vulnerable people, making the blind get a carefully "optimized" "brick" machine, which is useless. However, Apple has not lost in this aspect of the system and maintained its due conscience.

For normal people, even with the golden key of barrier-free service, after practical operation, it is found that there are actually many hurdles to be crossed. It is hard to imagine how blind people can play mobile phones happily with us. Everyone is joking that poverty limits their imagination, but after reading a set of real data, I find that my imagination is actually limited by prejudice.

According to the Basic Information Report of Internet Visually Impaired Users in China released by the Secretariat of China Information Accessible Products Alliance (CAPA) in 2016, China has13 millionVisually impaired people, among the surveyed users of visually impaired people, there are92%While using smart phones, 22% of the visually impaired have used Internet software such as Didi, Kuaidi and uber taxi to take a taxi, 33% of the visually impaired have installed 11 to 20 applications on their mobile phones, and 83% of the visually impaired are operating their mobile phones and computers.Can be completely relied onScreen reading function.

Lovely and respectable products and technicians did not limit their imagination to mainstream design, but turned "waste" into treasure, turning the mobile phone screen that was useless to the blind into the best entrance to enjoy intelligent services. Although there are still many pits in the barrier-free product experience, more and more manufacturers are gradually aware of the existence of this special group. For products like BAT, barrier-free details are finely integrated into QQ and Alipay, which may not be noticed by normal users because we are not the "target group".

Although the target group always excludes blind users by default in the process of our product analysis, and the benefits created by 1% special users seem to be so insignificant for a product that meets 99% normal users, with the development, China’s Internet information accessibility level is gradually improving, and more products begin to examine their own barrier-free user experience design, opening up a green information channel for visually impaired people to integrate into the mainstream society.

Maybe one day, a blind man will come to me and say:

"Hey, I’ve used your product, it’s really good!"

It has solved the pain points of users, realized the benefits of products, and fulfilled the social responsibilities. As the glory of product people, this is much Cool.

Source of data: Report on the Basic Situation of Internet Visually Impaired Users in China.

This article was originally published by @ kenfai. Everyone is a product manager. Reprinting is prohibited without permission.

The title map comes from unsplash and is based on CC0 protocol.

Cherry blossoms in spring Zhejiang online reporter Li Xinyi photo

　　Zhejiang Online April 3 rd (Reporter Li Xinyi)Fresh and elegant cherry blossoms, slim tulips and delicate peach blossoms … These days, spring flowers in many places in Zhejiang are in full bloom, and tourists have also started the flower viewing mode. However, some people enjoy flowers and get a snot and tears, not sentimental, but pollen allergy!

　　According to the "Pollen Index" of China Weather Network, the pollen concentration in Hangzhou recently reached an average of 10,765 grains/1,000m2, which is directly in off the charts, and it is predicted that the pollen concentration in the air will remain extremely high in the next few days. It is reported that the pollen index of 400 grains /1000 square millimeters on weekdays has reached a high level and needs attention.

　　No, these days, the number of patients suffering from allergic rhinitis due to pollen allergy in hospitals has also started to increase significantly. In the eye, ear, nose and throat clinic of Zhejiang People’s Hospital, there areMore than one-third of the patients came to see a doctor because of pollen allergy.

　　Zhejiang Online Reporter Li Xinyi in the Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology Clinic of Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital

　　In the consulting room, the patientMs. Zhang (pseudonym) can’t stop sneezing and crying. "I went for a walk in the scenic park yesterday, enjoyed the cherry blossoms for a while, and came back like this." Ms. Zhang reluctantly told the doctor. After examination, she was diagnosed as seasonal allergic rhinitis. The doctor reminded her to avoid contact with allergens and prescribed some anti-allergic drugs for her.

　　"Spring is the season of high incidence of allergic diseases. The number of people suffering from allergic rhinitis due to plant pollen allergy has greatly increased, and the usual symptoms are as followsSneezing, watery nose, nasal congestion, etc., some patients will also have tears and redness in their eyes, and in severe cases, they will also cause asthma.Allergens exist not only in flowers, but also in tree pollen of many plants such as buttonwood and willow. Hu Weiming, deputy director of the Department of Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology, said.

　　The reporter observed that there are also many patients with pollen allergy in the dermatology department next to the Department of Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology. "There will be about 20% more patients with allergic diseases in this season than in other seasons. There will be some small red rashes on the face with mild symptoms. The more serious patients even have swollen eyes and swollen mouths, mainly in the exposed parts." Tao Xiaohua, director of dermatology, told reporters.

Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Dermatology Clinic Zhejiang Online Reporter Li Xinyi photo

　　From March to May every year, with the flowers in full bloom, people’s outdoor activities begin to increase. In a few days, they will enter the catkin season. How to prevent pollen allergy?

　　Doctors in Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital reminded that the most important thing to prevent allergies is to reduce outdoor time and avoid contact with pollen that causes allergies. If you have to go out, it is recommended to wear long sleeves, masks, glasses or sunglasses to reduce the chance of contact with allergens. People who know that they are prone to pollen allergy can also take some anti-allergic drugs orally before going out. If you find allergic symptoms, you should seek medical advice in time.

"Six Clean-ups" Work Law Helps Community Safety Without "Epidemic"

There are 4 communities in Qingyou Xili Community, Nanshi Street, Heping District, Tianjin, with 1,461 households and 4,231 people. The old and new communities in the area are mixed together, and the population mobility is large. Facing the severe situation of epidemic prevention and control, Wang Jinrong, secretary of the community Party Committee, actively explored and formed the "six clean-ups" work method to help the community to be safe from "epidemic".

Pingyang Road No.2 Community, Yingpan Sub-district Office, xiaodian district, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, has done a good job in registering visitors and persuading them to return.

According to reports, the "six clean-ups" means that the contents of prevention and control propaganda in COVID-19 are clear, the classification accounts are clear, the follow-up key personnel are clear, the follow-up visits are clear, the service key projects are clear, and the responsibilities of the four departments (streets, communities, hospitals and police stations) are clear, so as to resolutely ensure that "no one is left behind" and provide accurate real-time dynamic data for district and street disease prevention and control departments.

Since the outbreak, Qingyou Xili community has actively carried out joint prevention and control work under the leadership of the community party Committee. All community workers returned to their posts at the first time, and a strong joint defense and control team was formed by street leaders, community grid members, cadres of sinking organs, on-the-job party member, volunteers and security personnel of property service enterprises to strengthen community management.

At the beginning of the outbreak, Qingyou Xili community vigorously publicized the community residents at the first time, and implemented the grid management requirements, and arranged the community personnel to ensure that "no one was left behind", focusing on the registration of those returning from other places, especially Wuhan, and establishing a ledger. Under the principle of meeting the normal travel needs of residents, temporarily adjust and close some entrances and exits, and take measures such as disinfection, registration of entry and exit personnel, temperature measurement, issuance of community passes, and scanning of the two-dimensional code of "Jinmen War and Epidemic" for closed management. In residential areas with property services, the gate and access control system should be strictly observed, and measures such as real-name registration of residents entering the residential area, monitoring the body temperature of people entering and leaving the residential area, reducing unnecessary personnel flow and persuading people to gather in the residential area should be taken to strengthen the linkage between the community and property service enterprises, and joint prevention and control of epidemic situation should be carried out.

Community workers also work with the staff of the property service enterprises to carry out sanitary cleaning work in the community, and clean, disinfect and ventilate the closed spaces such as garbage cans, public places and elevators in the community every day. The community gave the donated masks to the residents in difficulty, and provided masks, disinfectant, fruits and other materials for the security personnel of the property service enterprises, which greatly eased the pressure on the property service enterprises and enabled the property service personnel to work with peace of mind.

In the later period of epidemic prevention and control, party member, the old community manager, and so on also participated in the epidemic prevention work. They not only helped the community to carry out personnel arrangement, but also cooperated with the staff of the property service enterprise to carry out health monitoring and tracking management for the migrants.

Among these people, Wang Jinrong is the busiest. Her figure can be seen everywhere, running the community and running the stairs during the day, and getting familiar with the situation and sorting out data in the office at night until one or two in the morning. And no matter how late you worked overtime the day before, at 8 o’clock the next morning, Wang Jinrong will definitely come to Tianjin and return to Tianjin to check the registration status on time. She often doesn’t care about eating a hot meal, but she always thinks about whether the elderly living alone and empty nesters in the community eat safely and comfortably. In Qingyou Xili community, people over 70 years old account for more than 40%. During the epidemic prevention and control period, the dining hall for the elderly in the community stopped eating and delivering food, but some elderly people who live alone and have mobility difficulties still have demand. Wang Jinrong went door-to-door to record the demand, and distributed community grid workers and volunteers according to the principle of proximity to provide catering services for the elderly. In just one day, the community "good neighbor kitchen" was officially employed. In order to ensure the safety and hygiene of meals for the elderly, Wang Jinrong takes the temperature of volunteers who deliver food every day, asking them to wear disposable masks and gloves, clean lunch boxes and disinfect them. Every time a meal is delivered, Wang Jinrong will immediately take out the alcohol cotton ball he carries with him and carefully wipe his hands, and then take out the next meal. "Although I am very tired, I am happy. I am a community worker and a Communist party member. I have had experience in fighting SARS before. The country is in trouble, and it is the responsibility of every man. I volunteered to join the fight against the epidemic and contribute my strength to winning this defense war. " Wang Jinrong said.

Multi-pronged approach to ensure the "two mistakes" in resuming work and epidemic prevention work

There are 4,715 households and 10,077 people in Pingyang Road Second Community, Yingpan Street, xiaodian district, Taiyuan, Shanxi. During the epidemic prevention and control period, Pingyang Road No.2 Community mainly carried out joint prevention and control work from four aspects.

First, attach great importance to epidemic prevention and control to ensure that responsibilities are put in place. Immediately after the outbreak of the epidemic in COVID-19, Pingyang Road No.2 Community set up a leading group for epidemic prevention and control, headed by the secretary of the community party committee, with community workers as the main members, to ensure that the responsibilities are clear to everyone. Second, do a good job in epidemic prevention and control propaganda. According to statistics, during the epidemic prevention and control period, 50 epidemic prevention propaganda banners were hung in Pingyang Road No.2 Community, and more than 2,000 posters were posted to strictly investigate 15 kinds of epidemic-related illegal and criminal acts during the epidemic prevention and control period. At the same time, 19 mobile audio systems were set up to carry out epidemic prevention propaganda in the streets and alleys of the jurisdiction to achieve full coverage. Third, do a good job in the registration of foreign personnel. Pingyang Road No.2 Community conducted in-depth and detailed investigations, and made statistical reports on returnees and close contacts from Hubei and overseas; For the returnees from Hubei and overseas, we will inform the precautions point to point by telephone communication, require detailed information, sign the responsibility letter and report it to the sub-district office in time, do a good job of body temperature monitoring twice a day, build a ledger, and carry out the telephone follow-up work of "looking back" in time. For returnees from other areas, "one household, one form" registration is required, and it is required to fill in the commitment letter of home isolation, carry out body temperature test and handle the registration certificate before entering the community. Fourth, do a good job in epidemic prevention and control in shopping malls, farmers’ markets and stores. During the epidemic prevention and control period, Pingyang Road No.2 Community gave full play to the role of street leaders, cooperated with xiaodian district Municipal Market Supervision Administration to strengthen the management of farmers’ markets and stores, and supervised the establishment of temperature monitoring accounts and the implementation of daily disinfection system in stores that resumed work.It also banned the sale of live poultry in farmers’ markets, and urged shopping malls, hotels, restaurants and farmers’ markets to implement measures such as ventilation, disinfection and body temperature monitoring.

After the comprehensive resumption of work and production, Pingyang Road No.2 Community took the initiative to fully ensure the effective implementation of various prevention and control measures. By setting up a centralized service platform for returning to work and production and setting up a service point for returning to work and production in the community party-mass service center, we will answer questions for enterprise employees and individual industrial and commercial households and register them for the record. Around the three major links of production, sales and circulation, a service group for returning to work and production was set up, and door-to-door visits were made to re-examine and re-verify the activity tracks of 528 merchants and employees in the area within 14 days, and actively coordinate and solve the problems and difficulties existing in the process of returning to work and production. In order to enable enterprises and merchants to fully obtain policy information, Pingyang Road No.2 Community has adopted a combination of centralized publicity and key publicity to carry out all-round publicity on policies related to the resumption of work and production. In view of the fact that some enterprises and businesses do not have complete epidemic prevention materials, we will actively connect with streets and relevant departments, provide enterprises and businesses with channels and resources for purchasing epidemic prevention materials, assist businesses and businesses to implement epidemic prevention measures, and ensure that the resumption of work and epidemic prevention work are "correct".

Work together to build an "epidemic-free community"

Qingheju Community is located in Qingshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province. As a public rental community, there are more than 8,000 permanent residents in the community, showing the characteristics of "three more" in general: many elderly people, many disabled people and many low-income groups.

Workers in Qingyou Xili Community, Nanshi Street, Heping District, Tianjin are clearing snow and ice.

Since the outbreak, on the one hand, Qingheju community has given full play to the institutional advantages of "three-way linkage", rationally divided labor and supplemented each other. Schwab Property, a community property service enterprise, fully cooperates with the community neighborhood committee to do a good job in door sealing, temperature measurement, disinfection in public areas, water and electricity security, etc., and heightens and closes the low walls and street windows to ensure that the virus is isolated outside the community. Community workers do a good job in mass guidance and household surveys, carry out actions to care for the disadvantaged groups, and respond to the concerns of the masses in a timely manner while solving the basic living problems of the masses.

On the other hand, at the most aggressive stage of epidemic prevention and control, Qingheju community has also implemented two levels of prevention and control, with the property service enterprise responsible for the gate of the community, and mobilizing community grid workers and volunteers to carry out building sealing and control, which not only prevents disorderly gathering, but also accurately registers people’s demands and solves them in time.

Facing the severe epidemic situation in Wuhan, Qingheju community launched several fronts to "fight" at the same time and tried its best to ensure the health and safety of residents. Community grid workers give up their rest time, stick to the community every day, and patiently publicize, guide and explain the epidemic prevention and control policies. The staff rate of property service enterprises is nearly 90%. While ensuring basic property services, they complete a large number of temporary tasks such as disinfection and sealing, and assist the community in transporting and distributing people’s daily necessities. In addition, the property service enterprises actively set up non-contact delivery areas and sole disinfection areas in the community to provide basic guarantee for joint prevention and control work in the community. Community volunteers, composed of cadres of sinking organs and community residents, actively contribute and cooperate with communities and property service enterprises to jointly do a good job in joint prevention and control.

In the survey and evaluation of property service satisfaction rate during epidemic prevention and control conducted by Wuhan Housing Security and Housing Administration, the satisfaction rate of Schwab property owners reached 99.49%. It is understood that on March 20, Qingheju Community successfully declared the "epidemic-free community".

"four in place" to build a solid barrier to prevent and control epidemic situation

Xiangmin Community, Xiufeng Street, Kaifu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, is a new urban community serving newly-built buildings and units in the urban-rural junction area of Changsha. Since January 23, Xiangmin community has implemented the responsibility system of all-in-one responsibility, achieving "four in place" and building a solid barrier to prevent and control the epidemic.

The main entrance and exit of Qingheju Community in Wuhan City, Hubei Province is closed.

First, the investigation is in place. Organizing investigation is the first task of community epidemic prevention. In order to ensure the orderly entry and exit of residents, Xiangmin community promptly mobilized the strength of property service enterprises, industry committees, party member, volunteers, etc. According to the principle that each community cadre is entitled to one piece, 8 to 10 people are responsible for the inspection of each piece, and the returning personnel are checked and registered to ensure that "no one is missed". From January 23rd to February 8th, Xiangmin Community has carried out four "carpet-style" investigations, with a total of 7,038 households, 254 stores, 8 enterprises, government agencies and units, and 184 people returning from Hubei.

Second, publicity is in place. From January 27th, Xiangmin community launched a large-scale epidemic prevention publicity to ensure that the masses can "see". Record epidemic prevention and control knowledge, open letters, proposals, etc. into audio publicity materials, and record epidemic propaganda knowledge into allegro form, and use community speakers to play it circularly to ensure that the masses can "hear". At the same time, compile a small video and send it to the community WeChat group to let the people "remember".

Third, supervision is in place. In the early "epidemic prevention war", Xiangmin community mobilized all available forces and organized all kinds of backbone forces in the community to act as voluntary disinfectors, supervisors and persuaders, giving full play to and embodying the role of community autonomy. It is understood that Xiangmin Community mobilized 42 party member from the Party branches of five property service enterprises within its jurisdiction, set up five party member assault teams, and launched an industry committee, 32 building directors, 3 social organizations, 232 members of social organizations and volunteers to fight the epidemic together. In order to ensure the daily life of isolated families at home, the party member assault team is responsible for purchasing and distributing living materials to the door in all communities, ensuring that isolation measures are in place and residents in the communities feel at ease.

During the epidemic prevention and control period, the elderly and children are the two groups that are most concerned, and the Xiangmin community has carried out the "one old and one small" caring activities in an orderly manner. On the one hand, we sent disinfectant, masks, alcohol and other epidemic prevention materials as well as daily necessities such as fruits, vegetables, rice and oil to 34 elderly people living alone and with mobility difficulties in the area to ensure their basic livelihood. On the other hand, in order to ensure the mental health of children in the community during the epidemic prevention and control period, Xiangmin Community cooperated with community workers and volunteers to carry out a series of online activities, such as a family education lecture on "grandparents’ parenting room" and a collection of paintings and calligraphy works on "children’s hearts drawing together to fight the epidemic".

Up to now, there is no case of living difficulties in Xiangmin community due to the epidemic situation, and there is no case of mass riots in the community. Enterprises, institutions and construction sites in the area have resumed work in an all-round and orderly manner, and the rate of stores in the area has reached 95%.

　　As soon as the AI pathologist came out, he refreshed the highest level of AI-assisted cervical cancer screening at home and abroad that has been published internationally!

　　On the basis that the negative rate is higher than 60%, the correct rate of negative interpretation of cervical smear is higher than 99%, and the detection rate of positive lesions is over 99.9%. Cytopathologists read cervical smear under microscope, which takes an average of 6 minutes per case, while AI identification takes only 36 seconds. The interpretation speed of AI-assisted cervical cancer screening model is 10 times that of manual interpretation!

　　The all-media reporter of Guangzhou Daily learned from the release conference of artificial intelligence-assisted cervical cancer screening in China Bio-industry Conference that Jinyu Medicine and Huawei technology have made a breakthrough together. Based on pathomorphology, the teams of both sides trained an accurate and efficient AI-assisted cervical cancer screening model with the diagnostic criteria of pathologists for the first time through deep learning technology.

　　Text/Guangzhou Daily All-Media Reporter He Xuehua Correspondent Zhang Jinju

　　Pathology is the gold standard of diagnosis, but there are too few pathologists.

　　Pathomorphological diagnosis is recognized by the medical community as the "gold standard" for disease diagnosis.

　　Dr. Liang Xiaoman, a well-known cytologist in China, has been engaged in clinical cytological diagnosis in the Cancer Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences for decades. He pointed out that the body has pathological changes. What exactly does it mean? Benign or malignant? What is the degree? Diagnosis depends on different morphological changes of pathology.

　　However, only 5,000 cells are qualified for a pathological glass slide, and there are tens of thousands of cells. If pathologists look at it one by one, it will be exhausting and very boring to look at 100 pieces a day. Therefore, a "pathological person" sees 90% negative films every day, and gets excited when he sees positive films. "It’s really not easy to see people get excited when they are sick," said Liang Xiaoman. This is a double high effort of brain power and physical strength.

　　There is a great demand for pathological diagnosis, but there is a shortage of pathologists.

　　Liang Xiaoman said, for example, like cervical cancer screening, cytology should be combined with HPV testing. In China, there are more than 350 million school-age women aged 25-65, and screening once every 3-5 years requires 70 million people to be screened every year. But in fact, since 2009, women’s screening for two cancers has been promoted, and the total number of cervical cancer screening in 10 years is only a little over 70 million, that is, the population coverage rate is only 21.4%.

　　Medical research shows that the population coverage rate of screening should reach 80% in order to reduce the incidence of diseases in the population.

　　The lack of disease screening ability lies in the long-term scarcity of pathologists in China. Reading films under traditional microscope needs to be based on human visual interpretation, knowledge accumulation, skills and talents, and the training period can often be as long as 10 years. The data shows that there are currently less than 20,000 registered pathologists in China, and the gap is still as high as 80,000-100,000 based on the standard of 1-2 pathologists per 100 beds.

　　AI-assisted cervical cancer screening made a major breakthrough

　　"So, I am very excited to hear that AI pathologists have made a breakthrough in research and development!" Liang Xiaoman said that it was initially seen that "this AI pathologist" can reduce the workload of manual interpretation by about half, which means that the other half of labor and energy can be devoted to improving the positive rate interpretation, and the chances of pathologists being complained of "seeing less, not seeing correctly and seeing slowly" will also be greatly reduced.

　　The AI pathologist mentioned by Liang Xiaoman refers to the AI-assisted cervical cancer screening model jointly developed by Jinyu Medical and Huawei Cloud.

　　There are about 500,000 new cases of cervical cancer in the world every year, and the incidence rate in China accounts for 26%. As long as the disease of cervical cancer is screened and treated early, its cure rate and five-year survival rate can be greatly improved.

　　According to reports, this development is based on 43.5 million cervical cytology screening samples over the years, and nearly 200,000 image blocks are selected for accurate labeling and AI-assisted screening model training.

　　First of all, it is marked by many pathologists to ensure that the model can fully learn the morphology of various pathological cells. Based on the block-level labeling of these images, the AI model first classifies the samples and efficiently distinguishes the samples with high positive cell density.

　　Then, the AI model further accurately identifies positive cells to ensure that accurate auxiliary interpretation results can still be obtained on samples with low positive cell density. In order to ensure the correct results, the algorithm also selects a series of suspicious local visual fields and submits them to the pathologist for final review.

　　At present, the AI model has been verified with the verification set of more than 20,000 sample data. The verification results show that the negative rate of the model is 61.9%, the accuracy of negative film interpretation is higher than 99%, and the detection rate of positive lesions is over 99.9%. This is the highest level of AI-assisted cervical cancer screening at home and abroad.

　　Application of results:

　　There are at least three to five years before landing.

　　The development of AI pathologists can be described as an important practice of digital medicine and precision medicine, which provides strong support for accurate diagnosis in the future. Once the results are applied, it is expected that the workload of single cytological examination by pathologists will be reduced by more than 60%, and the screening efficiency will be greatly improved. Usually, it takes 6 minutes for cytopathologists to read cervical smear under microscope. The AI ? ? recognition takes only 36 seconds, and the interpretation speed is 10 times that of manual interpretation.

　　At the same time, by comparing and verifying the results of AI tips, doctors can make manual interpretation more conveniently and accurately, which can bring effective help to the quality control of pathological examination and the training of pathological students.

　　In terms of greater social benefits, in the future, once AI-assisted cervical cancer screening is applied and promoted, it will greatly improve the coverage and service frequency of cervical cancer screening services, so that the screening quality of school-age women can approach the level of developed countries and promote early screening and early treatment of cervical cancer.

　　However, experts also admit that the results are at least three to five years away from landing.

　　First of all, we should continue to invest more sample data to verify the AI model on a large scale, and at the same time make more professional annotations to improve the model, so that its specificity will be continuously improved under the premise of ensuring sensitivity, and even adapt to and be close to the reagent consumables and production level of primary hospitals.

　　Secondly, it is ready to start the registration of CFDA. It is understood that there is no clear guiding process and cycle at present. "Many analysts in the industry believe that the large-scale application of medical AI such as pathological AI and imaging AI in China is estimated to take 3 to 5 years."

　　"AI pathology" vs "AI image" is more accurate.

　　In recent years, AI medical care has become more and more hot, which belongs to the field of auxiliary diagnosis. AI images have developed even faster and entered the registration application process earlier than AI pathology. So, which is stronger, AI pathology or AI image?

　　In this regard, some cytopathologists believe that AI pathology is "more difficult, more refined, more lacking and slower".

　　Because the image is based on black and white, density, size and edge, and the pathology is polychromatic and reaches the cellular level, it is not just an auxiliary diagnosis of "whether it is a tumor" or "whether it is a lesion".

　　In other words, AI imaging doctors can "allow" the conclusion that "this may be a cancer, a benign tumor or a malignant tumor", while AI pathologists can’t do this, but tell "what is this, is it a cancer, and what kind of cancer it is".

　　"Hello, I am the official customer service of XXX. Seeing that you have a loan demand recently, we can help you apply for a loan amount of 30,000 yuan to 100,000 yuan. The next payment is fast, the procedures are simple and the interest is very low."

　　This kind of "pie falling from the sky" has made many enterprises and individuals who are short of funds feel like "a long drought meets the rain", not to mention the reliable and formal customer service of large enterprises such as Zhongan Xinye, Jingdong Finance and Gitzo Finance. I think it is the welfare that these large enterprises responded to the call of the state to the people under the epidemic.

　　Therefore, according to the guidance of "customer service", we added WeChat to facilitate the loan business. "Customer Service" sends a link, the user downloads an App, and then fills in the relevant loan information as required, just waiting for the loan to be approved.

　　After a while, the "enthusiastic" "customer service" came to the news again: "Your account number of the receiving bank card is wrong, and the loan funds are frozen. You need to pay a deposit of 6,000 yuan to unfreeze it. Please do it quickly, otherwise you will not only repay the loan, but also report it to the credit bureau."

　　The deposit was paid, but the loan on the promised day never came. What’s even more strange is that the WeChat was sent to the "customer service" and it was blacked out, and the call could not be reached.

　　Obviously, the methods of telecom fraud have been upgraded closely with the hot spots: counterfeiting corporate customer service and using counterfeit apps, online "customer service" communicates with users and takes money from users, which is extremely confusing.

　　Sun Xiaodong, director of the Cyber Crime Investigation Teaching and Research Section of China Criminal Police College, said in an interview with the reporter of Legal Daily recently that consumers should download apps from regular software stores, choose online services on regular platforms, and don’t be tempted by interests to take risks or trade illegally. "If you encounter fraud, you should report it to the police at the first time. Don’t be ashamed to talk about it, and don’t get entangled in the online platform, so as not to delay the opportunity to solve the case."

　　Fraud accounts for nearly 60% of epidemic-related crimes.

　　During the epidemic, criminals who committed telecom fraud were not idle.

　　This can be understood from a set of data released by the Supreme People’s Procuratorate on April 8th: with the convenience and concealment of network communication, the number of fraud cases increased greatly during this epidemic. As of April 7th, the national procuratorial organs approved the arrest of 1,588 cases and 1,675 persons for fraud crimes, and prosecuted 881 cases and 926 persons, accounting for 58.4% and 47.3% of all epidemic-related criminal cases respectively.

　　Why can fraud "squat" on the epidemic? Miao Shengming, director of the First Prosecutor’s Office of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, analyzed that there are many reasons for the high incidence of cases. One of them is that telecommunication network fraud is a crime that can be implemented without contact. Some criminals use the characteristics of online fraud to meet each other, making it easier to win the trust of victims. At the same time, this non-contact form makes criminals’ sense of morality and restraint decline and their luck psychology increase. In addition, the epidemic has made people stay at home and rely more on the Internet. Online shopping, online job hunting, online loans and home-based classes have become a new way of life for some people. Criminals take advantage of people’s inconvenient travel, eagerness to shop, job hunting or trust teachers during the epidemic, and the success rate of fraud is greatly improved.

　　Sun Xiaodong observed that with the outbreak of the epidemic, some physical stores closed down, people chose online services more, and criminals took the opportunity to commit crimes.

　　Xiao Xu who lives in Xiamen was unfortunately recruited. He spent 86 yuan to buy a mobile phone screen on the Internet, waiting left and right, but the courier didn’t come, and the call from the courier "customer service" came. He was told that the parcel was lost because of the staff’s mistake, and the courier company was willing to pay double indemnity 172 yuan.

　　Since the attitude of the courier company is so good, Xiao Xu did not hesitate and added WeChat according to the request of the other party. After adding WeChat, the express "customer service" sent a verification code to Xiao Xu. After scanning, Xiao Xu successively filled in the bank card number and payment password as required. However, as soon as he reached the submission stage, his information showed that the system had timed out and could not be submitted several times in a row. "Customer Service" carefully helped him analyze the reasons. According to the solution given by "Customer Service", Xiao Xu inexplicably downloaded two online loan apps and registered them as members.

　　But at this time, "customer service" disappeared, and Xiao Xu found out that "customer service" had borrowed 85,500 yuan and 33,500 yuan on the above two online loan apps through Xiao Xu’s bank card information. Fortunately, after Xiao Xu called the police, the case was broken.

　　Fraud, pattern renovation, hard to prevent

　　Xiao Xu’s experience is not a case. During the epidemic, telecom fraud methods emerged in an endless stream and were refurbished. The "Legal Daily" reporter combed recent related cases and found that there are mainly the following methods of telecom fraud:

　　The first is to fake the official App of a company. In the name of a company, criminals claim to provide high rebate wealth management activities, loan lines, etc., to guide users to download fake apps, and "customer service" conducts capital transactions in fake apps or prompts "bank card error" and other information in the transaction, requiring users to pay extra money.

　　The second is to cancel the campus loan. On the grounds of canceling student loans and campus loans, criminals demand to help users cancel quotas and accounts, and guide customers to operate loans to defraud funds by means of transfer.

　　On April 1st, the anti-fraud center of Daxing Branch of Beijing Public Security Bureau announced a case of impersonating a customer service fraud of a large-scale network platform. The reason given by the fraudster was that "the state has rectified campus loans, and users must cancel the credit payment account registered during their college years, otherwise it will affect personal credit information", believing that Xiao Li, the real victim, was cheated out of 88,500 yuan.

　　Shortly after Xiao Li graduated from college, he received a phone call claiming to be "official customer service" a while ago. The liar’s statement made Xiao Li feel very sudden. When hesitating, the other party accurately reported Xiao Li’s school, major and account opening time. Xiao Li believed it. He was worried that buying a house and a car would be affected in the future, so he quickly asked the other party about the cancellation method.

　　The other party said that in order to cancel the account, we must first ensure that there is enough deposit in the bank account, and the deposit amount should be consistent with the account application amount. If the money is not enough, you can borrow from other loan platforms and then transfer to the bank card.

　　Subsequently, according to the requirements of the other party, Xiao Li borrowed a total of 88,500 yuan from Alipay, Didi Chuxing and JD.COM Gold Bar respectively and transferred them to the designated account. However, the news of account cancellation did not come, and the other party lost contact.

　　The Anti-Fraud Center of Daxing Branch reminded that there have been many scams like this this year. Many college students are not deeply involved in the world, easy to trust others and fall into the "routine loan" scam. Many employees who have not been to work for a long time will also be lured into a trap by "customer service" with identity information because they are not careful in registering accounts.

　　The third is fraud in the name of account security. In the name of "official customer service" of a platform, criminals guide customers to add chat software, and after gaining customers’ trust, they induce customers to provide personal sensitive information such as ID number, verification code, bank card number and password, or transfer funds to designated accounts through WeChat.

　　The fourth is after-sales fraud. On the grounds that there are quality problems in historical orders, criminals demand a refund or exchange goods for customers, or express that they want to send gifts, and there are abnormal express delivery, etc., they induce users to provide personal information, log in to fake websites or scan unknown QR codes for risky operations.

　　The fifth is fraudulent text messages. The criminals send short messages to customers, which involve words such as withdrawal and loan, and contain links. After clicking, they ask users to fill in personal information or bank card information, resulting in financial losses; The content of the text message sent does not contain words related to a company, but after the user’s bank card information is defrauded, the scammer uses the customer’s bank card information to make a transaction in a company’s App.

　　The sixth is to brush the bill. Customers take the initiative to participate, or are lured by lawless elements to participate in the billing and credit, and promise to return the full amount and give customers a certain percentage of commission. After the customers cooperate with the operation, the merchants fail to perform the contract.

　　In addition, there are other "niche" fraud methods.

　　Cooperation between police and enterprises to control fraud has achieved remarkable results

　　How to control the stubborn disease of telecom fraud?

　　In Sun Xiaodong’s view, during the epidemic, the public security organs always made every effort to crack down on online fraud crimes, and major online platforms also fully cooperated with the public security organs to provide case clues, which has proved to be positive and effective.

　　In the case of Xiao Xu in Xiamen, the cooperation between police and enterprises has achieved positive results. It is understood that Jingdong Finance relies on advanced financial technology strength, rich experience in attack and defense of black products, and industry-leading all-round risk management system, and uses anti-fraud algorithms such as AI black technology "risk control super brain" relationship network, knowledge map and neural network to monitor abnormal behavior in real time, assess credit risk, and successfully help the police lock and arrest suspects.

　　Obviously, the technical advantages of the Internet platform are obvious, and a joint effort with the police to combat fraud will get twice the result with half the effort. According to the relevant person in charge of Jingdong Finance, for a long time, online telecom fraud has caused serious reputational impact and economic losses to enterprises. Jingdong Finance has continuously invested resources, and has been working hard to combat these illegal acts. Combining with the existing scientific and technological means, it has given full play to its own technological advantages and independently developed a number of intelligent risk control systems, which are used to identify suspicious transactions and provide early warning in time to ensure the information security of customer accounts in an all-round way.

　　"Communicate with the police at any time about the detected fraud involving our company, actively cooperate with the police to effectively crack down on illegal activities such as online telecom fraud from the source of the crime, and practice corporate social responsibility to contribute to protecting the legitimate rights and interests of consumers and purifying the online business environment. At the same time, in order to give consumers better safety education and risk warning, JD Finance has set up a consumer rights protection department to provide users with the most cutting-edge anti-fraud knowledge on a regular basis through online and offline channels such as WeChat, Weibo and entering the campus, so as to improve users’ prevention of telecom networks. The person in charge said.

　　Indeed, it is very important for users to improve their anti-fraud awareness and safety awareness. Experts in the industry pointed out that it is difficult to investigate the responsibility of the online lending platform because such cases are caused by the user’s personal independent behavior. On the one hand, users should pay attention to personal privacy and information protection. On the other hand, when they encounter similar phone calls involving money, they must pay more attention to it and verify it in many ways, such as calling the official phone number of the relevant platform or consulting professionals, instead of doing relevant operations according to the requirements of fraudsters in a hurry. If you are defrauded, you must pay attention to retaining and collecting relevant evidence materials and call the police in time. (Reporter Zhang Wei)

　　With "science", everything is fine. "With the development of science, problems can always be solved", which has almost become a mindset. In fact, this is scientism, also known as science.Learning doctrine-

　　What is "science"

　　The definition of science in Ci Hai is a knowledge system that reflects the essence and laws of various phenomena in the real world by using categories, theorems and laws. According to the different research objects, it can be divided into natural science, social science and thinking science, as well as philosophy and mathematics, which are all in the three fields.

　　What is "scientism"

　　Scientism refers to an ideological trend or movement in epistemology and philosophy of science. Scientism holds that natural science is real scientific knowledge, and only the method of natural science can be effectively used to acquire knowledge, which can be popularized in all research fields and solve various problems faced by mankind. Scientism pursues instrumental rationality, ignores value rationality, and extrapolates the concepts and methods of natural science without restrictions and regulates humanities and social sciences, which is contrary to the scientific spirit.

　　"Democracy" and "science" (called "Mr. De" and "Mr. Sai") are the most common categories in China’s academic discourse in modern times. For a long time, we have talked more about the origin and origin of "democracy", but less about this aspect of "science". In view of this, the author focuses on the relevant situation and problems of "science".

　　How did "science" rise?

　　In modern China, "science", like "democracy", was imported from the West. In the west, after rationalism provided a methodological basis for science, science developed in great strides. The main achievements in the 16th century were in astronomy and anatomy. Newton was the most representative figure in the 17th century, and there were many scientific achievements in the 18th century, covering a wide range of fields, which was closely related to the wide spread of rationalism. In terms of scientific theory, or philosophy of science, Bacon in Britain and Descartes in France have made indelible contributions to the construction of modern scientific theory, and they are the foundation figures.

　　Bacon’s scientific theory has several principles: the first principle is to attach importance to experience, and most British people have such ideological characteristics. Bacon’s theory is also empirical. He particularly emphasized the experimental nature of science and pointed out that science must be experimental, which became the first principle of modern science. Anyone with scientific common sense knows that all scientific conclusions come from experiments. Without experiments, there is no science, and only the results tested by experiments are reliable. The so-called experimental test has a basic requirement, that is, no matter how many times you do it, where you do it, and who does it, as long as the experimental conditions are the same, the conclusions you get should be exactly the same. Bacon’s second principle is that science must be useful and can be used. About this point of view, it depends on how we understand it, because early European scientists were all idle people, basically aristocratic gentlemen, who had nothing to do after eating, and did not want to hunt and play poker like other nobles, so they squatted on the ground to observe ants, or went to the Woods to observe leaves-whether they were three or four, and so on. What’s the use of observing these things? It depends on how we understand it-it may be useless to themselves and they can’t make money. In fact, they don’t need to make money; But it will be useful to human beings and the world, and it can be used to understand and transform nature in the end. This is the third principle of Bacon’s scientific theory-you can transform nature.

　　Descartes is the French, and most the French have the same ideological characteristics. Unlike the British, they like abstraction. French thinkers sit there all day thinking hard, reasoning abstractly, designing many theoretical models and imagining many solutions to problems from theory to theory. Most French enlightenment thinkers are like this. Descartes can’t get rid of the French’s ideological characteristics. His greatest contribution to scientific theory is that he believes that all science-as long as it is science, it can be expressed by numbers. This is of decisive significance to the later development of natural science. As we all know, natural science can be expressed by mathematical formulas.

　　Bacon put forward the principle of experiment and Descartes put forward the principle of mathematics. Add these two together and it becomes a modern natural science. People who study science actually learn two things, one is to do experiments, and the other is to express them with mathematical formulas. It can be said vividly that Bacon and Descartes are the modern natural sciences, and these two men are tied as the founders of modern natural sciences.

　　Does "science" exist objectively?

　　Science is a pillar of modern society, which will not be a problem. But if you ask: What is science? To put it another way, does science exist objectively? I believe most of us will think that science is an objective existence, just like other objective existence; All we need to do is to find out the objective existence of "science", just like finding a tree in the Woods. For many people, "science" already exists, but people don’t know it. We found it out, thus "discovering" science. But the fact is: what we can find is only natural phenomena, or the laws of object change and movement.

　　In fact, science is man’s creation and man’s exploration of nature. Man knows all kinds of natural phenomena through his own activities, and the accumulation of these activities and knowledge is science. Science is the result of human activities, it is not a kind of existence in nature, it is the same as literature, philosophy and so on-these "studies" did not exist originally, but human activities created them; Philosophy is man’s creation, literature is man’s creation, and science is man’s creation. They are all man’s creative activities. Today, many people hold "science" very high, reaching the supreme position and overriding everything, as if it is nature itself, but there are only phenomena in nature, and people know these phenomena through their own activities, and science is the understanding of these phenomena. Science appears because of human activities, and there is no science without human activities.

　　In this way, science is not so sacred. Now some people think that all problems in human society can be solved by science. With "science", everything is fine. Science is then combined with the concept of "progress": under the protection of science, human society continues to "progress". Some problems can’t be solved today because science is not yet in place and the level is not high enough. When the scientific level is higher, all problems can be solved. However, science cannot solve all the problems.

　　What problems can science solve?

　　Science is only human’s exploration of nature. Although the goal of science is to observe and study nature, trying to thoroughly understand the objective existence and find ways to use it, science can’t completely uncover the mystery of nature, and it is impossible to exhaust knowledge of nature. Science can only make people as close as possible to all objective existence and understand as many natural phenomena as possible, which is the limit of science. Therefore, science cannot solve all problems, and the "problems" here only refer to problems related to natural phenomena. But there are more "problems" in human society: problems unrelated to natural phenomena, many social problems, "ideological problems" and so on, which cannot be solved scientifically.

　　In addition, on the one hand, science can solve some problems, on the other hand, it creates and causes new problems, so science is not only solving problems, but also creating problems. After comparing the problems solved with those created, the result may be more and more problems, not less and less. This point is clear now, for example, bioengineering has solved many problems, which can increase agricultural output, but at the same time it has created transgenic problems; Furthermore, non-GM crops may be eliminated, which becomes another problem. Pollution problems, environmental problems, fertilizer problems and pesticide problems are all like this, especially the problem of ozone reduction. Are these problems caused by science? Science has brought us so much trouble that some problems may never be solved. Some people will say: With the development of science, problems can always be solved. I don’t think so. Let me give you an example: in the hundreds of years of great scientific development, one-third of the world’s biological species have been destroyed. Can these extinct species be restored?

　　This involves the direction of science. The biggest problem of science is that it has no direction. I mean, science can benefit human beings, destroy their well-being, and even cause human disasters. For example, the use of nuclear energy is a well-known example, and so is cloning. Obviously, the direction of science determines the fate of mankind, and the wrong direction may cause the destruction of mankind. The poisonous milk, poisonous air, poisonous soil, poisonous vegetables, etc., which are now plaguing China, are actually the evil consequences caused by the wrong scientific direction, which has seriously threatened the survival of Chinese. But the direction of science is in people’s hands. It is not science, but people’s morality and scientists’ sense of responsibility for human destiny that can grasp the direction of science.

　　Having said that, I want to emphasize that science has its limitations. Don’t think that science can solve all problems. Science is a good thing, but scientism is a bad thing. Scientism is also called scientism, and scientism is unacceptable.

　　What are the conditions for the development of "science"

　　Scientific development needs conditions. In my opinion, these conditions mainly include the following two aspects:

　　First, science must be recognized by society. Without social recognition, science cannot exist. Science is not an objective existence, it comes from human activities, and now everyone understands that science does not exist if society does not recognize it. For example, science could not exist in Copernicus’ time. If someone advocated science, he and his science would be destroyed together. Therefore, social recognition is the first condition for the existence of science. Second, there must be social needs. This brings me back to my proposition: science is not an objective existence, and it will only appear when society needs it; If society doesn’t need it and thinks it is useless, it won’t appear. In fact, there is no essential difference between science and literature, history and philosophy. Science is a creative activity of human beings, but the object of science is an objective natural phenomenon, while the object of literature is poetic imagination, such as the Monkey King the Monkey King or Harry Potter and the like. The object of science is real existence, while the object of literature is imaginary imagination. (author:Qian Chengdan Professor, History Department, Peking University)

　　CCTV News:According to "Gongxin Weibo" WeChat WeChat official account news, in the first half of the year, the added value of China’s electronic information manufacturing industry achieved rapid growth, the growth rate of export delivery value rose steadily, corporate revenue continued to increase, and investment maintained rapid growth.

　　one

　　The added value achieved rapid growth.

　　In June, the added value of electronic information manufacturing industry above designated size increased by 11% year-on-year, 3.7 percentage points higher than that in May.

　　In the first half of the year, the added value of electronic information manufacturing industry above designated size increased by 10.2% year-on-year, and the growth rate exceeded that of industrial and high-tech manufacturing industries by 6.8 percentage points and 0.6 percentage points respectively.

　　In the first half of the year, among the main products, the output of mobile phones was 744 million units, down 2.7% year-on-year, of which the output of smart phones was 576 million units, down 1.8% year-on-year; The output of microcomputer equipment was 212 million units, down 5% year-on-year; The output of integrated circuits was 166.1 billion pieces, down 6.3% year-on-year.

　　two

　　Export delivery value’s growth rate has steadily rebounded.

　　In June, export delivery value, an electronic information manufacturing industry above designated size, grew by 12.4% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 6.3 percentage points higher than that in May.

　　In the first half of the year, export delivery value, an electronic information manufacturing industry above designated size, increased by 7.3% year-on-year, with a growth rate of 1-mdash; It rose by 0.9 percentage points in May.

　　According to customs statistics, in the first half of the year, China exported 88.35 million laptops, down 17.3% year-on-year; 406 million mobile phones were exported, a year-on-year decrease of 10.9%; 141 billion integrated circuits were exported, a year-on-year decrease of 6.8%.

　　three

　　Corporate revenue continued to increase.

　　In the first half of the year, the electronic information manufacturing industry above designated size achieved operating income of 7,019.9 billion yuan, up 7.7% year-on-year, compared with 1-mdash; An increase of 0.3 percentage points in May; Operating costs were 6.11 trillion yuan, up 8.7% year-on-year; The total profit was 323.4 billion yuan, down 6.6% year on year, and the profit rate of operating income was 4.6%.

　　four

　　Investment maintained rapid growth.

　　In the first half of the year, the investment in fixed assets of electronic information manufacturing industry increased by 19.9% year-on-year, 8.9 percentage points higher than that of industrial investment in the same period, but 3.9 percentage points lower than that of high-tech manufacturing industry.

　　Note:

　　1. Unless otherwise indicated, the statistical data in this paper are all from the National Bureau of Statistics or calculated accordingly.

　　2. "Electronic information manufacturing industry" in this paper is the same caliber as "computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry" in the national economic industry classification.

　　Source: Operation Monitoring Coordination Bureau of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.