月度归档： 2025 年 7 月

Open consumption space and activate consumption potential.

　　Analects of Finance and Economics

　　Author: Yao Yaqi

　　In the beverage shops in urban streets and lanes, three or five friends sit around the stove and spend their leisure afternoons in the smoke of cooking tea; On the social platform, what brand of down jacket to buy is more cost-effective, which has become a new hot spot for people to discuss consumption choices; Hot sugar fried chestnut tea, hot sweet-scented osmanthus rice, and seasonal hot drinks introduced by beverage shops have triggered a craze for queuing to buy … …

　　It has been a severe winter, and although it has cooled down and snowed in many places, the "warm economy" in winter displayed by different industries is heating up continuously in China. Not only in many industries, but also in different regions, various consumption formats are also dynamic in generate. In the north, Changbai Mountain and other areas rich in ice and snow resources, ice and snow tourism projects such as festivals, research and skiing, as well as timely subsidies for tourism consumption, have attracted skiers from all over the country and even the world to enjoy the scenery of the north and enjoy skiing. Looking at the south, many cities and counties in Hainan take the opportunity of "wintering" tourism to let tourists feel the happy and warm atmosphere in winter theme activities such as cultural performances and sports events. In the cold winter, people can still feel the fierceness of consumer markets everywhere.

　　This winter’s consumption fever is also the embodiment of China’s sustained recovery of consumption and long-term positive trend of economic development. According to the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, in the first three quarters, the total retail sales of consumer goods in China was 34,210.7 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 6.8%. Retail sales of commodities reached 30.5 trillion yuan, up by 5.5%; The catering revenue was 3,710.5 billion yuan, an increase of 18.7%. The national online retail sales reached 10,819.8 billion yuan, up 11.6% year-on-year. China’s new consumption format continues to be active, the market vitality continues to be generate, and the consumer demand of residents is constantly being released.

　　Good data means the strong resilience of China’s economic development. We should also see that the consumption potential of Chinese residents is still subject to some constraints, and there is still much room for improvement in residents’ consumption willingness and consumption ability. Faced with huge consumption potential and super-large-scale market, all localities are further opening up consumption channels, creating consumption hotspots, and accelerating the smooth "double cycle" to stimulate further economic development.

　　In some cities, the construction of an international consumption center city is in full swing as an important measure to guide and drive consumption. In July 2021, with the approval of the State Council, five cities, namely Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Tianjin and Chongqing, took the lead in building an international consumption center city. Since then, Shenzhen, Wuhan, Changsha, Zhengzhou, Xi ‘an, Hangzhou and other places have also issued relevant plans and programs. International consumption center is one of the core functions of modern international metropolis, the gathering place of global consumption resources, the commanding height of a country and even the global consumption market, and the vane of international consumption development. It is generally characterized by international fame, prosperous cities, active business, convenient arrival, comfortable consumption and superior location, with rich and diverse consumption supply, pleasant and convenient consumption environment, perfect and orderly consumption system, leading economic and cultural status and other key elements.

　　Promoting the cultivation and construction of international consumption center cities is an important strategy to promote high-quality economic development and build a new development pattern, which has brought a positive pulling effect on promoting consumption. In Beijing, 34 traditional business districts, such as Wangfujing, Qianmen Dashilan and Sanlitun, have been upgraded since the start of the construction of an international consumption center city. The Universal Theme Park was grandly opened, and the number of country houses in the city grew to 4,965, and the cultural tourism consumer market continued to release vitality; Consumer demand has shifted from commodity consumption to balanced development of commodity consumption and service consumption, and the consumer market has shown a trend of diversification, quality and personalized upgrading. Guangzhou’s consumption vitality is also constantly improving. In the list of China’s consumption vitality cities published by Forbes China in 2023, Guangzhou’s urban commercial charm continues to upgrade, rising one place compared with last year, ranking third in Chinese mainland, following Beijing and Shanghai.

　　However, it should also be noted that compared with new york, Paris, Dubai, Tokyo and other international cities that radiate global consumption, there is still a certain gap in the construction of international consumption center cities in China. To become an international consumption center, cities are required to have super-strong economic strength, highly developed comprehensive service industry and business ability to serve the whole world. At the same time, it is also required to have distinctive commercial content, become a global commercial landmark with recognition, and attract international and large-scale global consumer groups.

　　In the process of building an international consumption center city, all localities should introduce relevant policies and measures according to their own advantages, continuously expand residents’ consumption and promote consumption upgrading, and enhance the global influence and attractiveness of consumption. In the construction of urban business districts, it is necessary to combine local characteristics and different levels of consumer demand, build a world-class, metropolitan and regional business district system according to local conditions, adhere to diversified development, optimize the layout of business districts, and create attractive new consumption formats and new scenes. Under the trend of economic globalization and information networking, we should give full play to the technological advantages of the Internet, big data and artificial intelligence, constantly develop new online consumption modes and scenarios, and lead the new trend of digital consumption. In terms of coordinating the domestic and international markets, it is necessary to continuously expand high-level opening to the outside world, promote the gathering of high-end international consumption resources, form an advantageous industry with international influence, and at the same time vigorously develop the local cultural tourism industry, build a global tourism destination city, and attract global consumers.

On barrier-free design： the secret of blind people playing smart phones happily

If you, as a product manager, were to design a smart phone for the blind, what would you do?

It is nothing new for blind people to use mobile phones. In the era when Nokia was still dominating traditional mobile phones, they could play their mobile phones as smoothly as normal people through physical buttons and voice prompts, and it was no problem to listen to music and make phone calls. Even with a huge base, the blind are still a marginal group, and it is difficult for them to enjoy the fun brought by intelligent technology like normal people.

There are many kinds of mobile phones for the blind in the market. Mobile phone manufacturers are following the product concept of "less is more", removing useless modules and highlighting core functions.No screen, multiple buttonsIt has become the "standard" for blind people’s mobile phones. Even if you go out with a mobile phone as ugly as a TV remote control, Who care? I can’t see it anyway, just use it.

However, simply relying on voice broadcast to exchange information can’t solve the contradiction between the blind people’s yearning for a better life and the single function of the special machine. And the barrier-free design in smart phones, with a bang, brought them Marxism, ah no, it brought them "a pair of eyes". In the jargon of our products, the special machine for the blind is the superficial demand-a faster horse, while the barrier-free service in smart phones is the train and car, which solves their deeper needs.

Barrier-free is relative to "disabled" people, which is what we often call disabled groups. Since the era of special machines for the blind, information barrier-free technical services have always been around.Phonetic assistanceWith the development of this core function, the blind can get voice feedback by touching physical keys, thus guiding further operation. But today’s mobile phonesThe screen is getting bigger and bigger, and there are fewer and fewer buttons.Without a comprehensive screen, I am embarrassed to open a press conference. Everyone can’t wait to make the screen ratio the ultimate 100%. Chopin of B can’t play the sadness of the blind, but the information barrier-free technology of B has given this "useless" screen a new historical mission.

The two heroes, Android’s TalkBack and Apple’s VoiceOver, make the blind finally use the mobile phone screen, and the more they use it, the smoother it is! Blind people touch the screen and use different interactive gestures to identify the current content and perform functional operations through screen reading.

Instead of exquisite visual animation and flat design style, the focus of interaction falls on physical gestures. For example, normal people’s interactive operations such as "click to enter", "long press and drag" and "slide to cut the screen" on the mobile phone are all redefined in the barrier-free auxiliary mode, so blind people can use various program services more deeply without relying on the physical buttons of the mobile phone.

Take Apple’s mobile phone as an example. You can turn on or off the VoiceOver service in "Settings–General–Accessibility", and the interactive gestures of the mobile phone will change after turning on. Taking opening an APP as an example, the normal operation is to directly click the icon of the APP. However, in this mode, in order to prevent the blind from touching the APP by mistake, clicking the icon of the desktop APP will only read the name of the APP, and the blind will open the APP by double-clicking the screen when they touch the app that needs to be opened one by one through voice feedback. Looking at this text description alone, I already feel that the operation is cumbersome, but these new interactions have given them unlimited possibilities.

Although mainstream aesthetics runs counter to the actual needs of the blind, thanks to barrier-free design, the scenes of blind people using smart phones are enriched. Starting from scenes and user portraits, it solves the pain points of how blind people use smart phones, which is equivalent to solving most of the pain points in their lives:

Difficulties in traveling-insufficient blind road facilities, greatly affected by the weather, and scarce guide dogs;

Corresponding plan: travel apps (such as Didi, Shenzhou special car, using express car and other travel modes)

Social difficulties-narrow communication circle, daily access to information only by listening to the radio, and single information channel;

Corresponding solutions: news & social apps (such as WeChat, QQ, various news clients, voice chat or listening to news).

Difficulties in shopping-it is difficult to identify the authenticity of banknotes, and buying goods is easy to be stolen and shoddy;

Corresponding plan: shopping apps (such as Taobao and JD.COM, through voice search, you can buy various items without leaving home to solve the payment problem).

……

You don’t have to visit users, investigate the market, and try to figure out the product positioning and direction. Any analysis can dig out a lot of pain points in blind people’s lives, and each pain point seems to have corresponding APPs to "relieve pain". However, barrier-free service is not a panacea for blind people to use smart phones, and there are often embarrassing scenes with full ideals and skinny reality.

After the author’s experience for a period of time (my eyesight is normal), I will share with you the pit in the process of using the mobile phone barrier-free service.

I believe many people will feel dizzy when they see this picture, let alone people with visual defects. The verification code often appears at the entrance of websites, software or services. As a tool to verify identity, blind people who are stuck at the entrance are disqualified from normal use, and the unreadability of pictures makes the screen reading function useless. The most famous case is that the verification code of 12306 website (which doesn’t explain what you know) was brought to court by a blind person. Although it ended in the blind person losing the case, the verification code problem that plagued the blind person’s operation can no longer be ignored.

Voice verification code is a better solution, although its original intention is not for the blind, like some take-away apps will be used when registering. Due to cost and technical reasons, this service has not been used on a large scale. In addition, the general SMS verification code also meets the screen reading requirements of the system. The difference in user experience between PC and mobile also makes more blind people rely more and more on mobile phones.

Due to their own physical conditions, the education level of the blind is generally not high, so the input method has become a threshold for them to use smart devices. They haven’t learned five strokes, can’t pinyin, and can only write some simple words by hand, which leads them to stumble when using traditional input methods. The input process is full of difficulties and the output words are full of mistakes and omissions. After the simulation experience, I suddenly realized that the original "goddess" chat mode is such a thing: others say ten sentences, and you only reply slowly.

Since the emergence of voice chat applications like WeChat and the rise of various intelligent voice recognition input methods, this pain point has been well solved, which not only facilitates most "lazy people", but also relieves the urgent needs of the blind. I’m trying to read a short passage of about 100 words by using Iflytek’s voice input method. The speed of synchronous input and voice recognition is very fast, and the accuracy of words is over 99%. Of course, this is also limited to the reader’s Putonghua level. I believe that the development of artificial intelligence will make the recognition rate higher when the voice input method is used.

Android is a little girl who can be dressed up at will. Large mobile phone manufacturers will build their own customized Android system, and all kinds of ROM packages on the Internet are flying all over the sky. In order to pursue the simplification and smoothness of the system, some people often castrate most of the built-in services, including accessibility, while satisfying most of the target groups, they accidentally hurt this small group of vulnerable people, making the blind get a carefully "optimized" "brick" machine, which is useless. However, Apple has not lost in this aspect of the system and maintained its due conscience.

For normal people, even with the golden key of barrier-free service, after practical operation, it is found that there are actually many hurdles to be crossed. It is hard to imagine how blind people can play mobile phones happily with us. Everyone is joking that poverty limits their imagination, but after reading a set of real data, I find that my imagination is actually limited by prejudice.

According to the Basic Information Report of Internet Visually Impaired Users in China released by the Secretariat of China Information Accessible Products Alliance (CAPA) in 2016, China has13 millionVisually impaired people, among the surveyed users of visually impaired people, there are92%While using smart phones, 22% of the visually impaired have used Internet software such as Didi, Kuaidi and uber taxi to take a taxi, 33% of the visually impaired have installed 11 to 20 applications on their mobile phones, and 83% of the visually impaired are operating their mobile phones and computers.Can be completely relied onScreen reading function.

Lovely and respectable products and technicians did not limit their imagination to mainstream design, but turned "waste" into treasure, turning the mobile phone screen that was useless to the blind into the best entrance to enjoy intelligent services. Although there are still many pits in the barrier-free product experience, more and more manufacturers are gradually aware of the existence of this special group. For products like BAT, barrier-free details are finely integrated into QQ and Alipay, which may not be noticed by normal users because we are not the "target group".

Although the target group always excludes blind users by default in the process of our product analysis, and the benefits created by 1% special users seem to be so insignificant for a product that meets 99% normal users, with the development, China’s Internet information accessibility level is gradually improving, and more products begin to examine their own barrier-free user experience design, opening up a green information channel for visually impaired people to integrate into the mainstream society.

Maybe one day, a blind man will come to me and say:

"Hey, I’ve used your product, it’s really good!"

It has solved the pain points of users, realized the benefits of products, and fulfilled the social responsibilities. As the glory of product people, this is much Cool.

Source of data: Report on the Basic Situation of Internet Visually Impaired Users in China.

　

This article was originally published by @ kenfai. Everyone is a product manager. Reprinting is prohibited without permission.

The title map comes from unsplash and is based on CC0 protocol.

Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Transport and the General Office of the National Health and Wellness Commission on Printing and Distributing the Standard Guidance Catalogue for the Con

All provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and cities under separate state planning, transportation departments (bureaus and commissions) and health and health committees:

　　According to the Guiding Opinions of the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Finance, the National Health and Wellness Committee, the State Railway Bureau, the Civil Aviation Administration of China, the State Post Bureau, the Red Cross Society of China and China National Railway Group Co., Ltd. (No.45 [2021]), the Ministry of Transport, together with the National Health and Wellness Committee, combined with the characteristics and actual situation of the transportation industry, has formulated the Guiding Catalogue of Configuration Standards for Traffic Medical First Aid Kits (for Trial Implementation), which is hereby printed and distributed to you.

General Office of Ministry of Transport　　　　

General Office of National Health and Wellness Commission　　　　

December 22, 2021　　

Network broadcast+｜ upgraded version of pollution prevention and control battle, how to fight？

△ November 7, 2021 "News Network" reported that

In recent years, the measures to promote pollution prevention and control in China are practical, vigorous and remarkable.From the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" to the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan", from "resolute" to "in-depth", the change of the word means that the contradictory problems touched by pollution prevention are deeper, wider and more demanding.

Next, how to fight this upgraded version of pollution prevention and control? The "Opinions" made specific arrangements in accelerating the development of green and low carbon and deepening the defense of blue sky, clear water and pure land.

Green and low-carbon development is the inevitable requirement of building a high-quality economic system and the fundamental solution to the pollution problem.《The Opinions focus on key industries and fields with obvious synergistic effects of pollution reduction and carbon reduction, and clarify the key tasks of promoting green and low-carbon development from seven aspects.

First, we will further promote the peak carbon dioxide emissions Action, implement the goal of national independent contribution to climate change in 2030, and support qualified local and key industries and enterprises to take the lead in reaching the peak.

The second is to focus on major national strategies and create a green development highland.

The third is to promote clean and low-carbon energy transformation, accelerate the pace of coal reduction, and implement renewable energy substitution actions.

Fourth, resolutely curb the blind development of projects with high energy consumption and high emissions, and resolutely stop approving and stopping construction of projects that do not meet the requirements.

The fifth is to promote clean production and efficient use of energy resources.

The sixth is to strengthen the control of ecological environment zoning and promote the application of the results of "three lines and one order".

Seventh, accelerate the formation of a green and low-carbon lifestyle, and carry out in-depth actions to create a green life.

On the basis of summing up and expanding the experience and practices of the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" for pollution prevention and control, and according to the new tasks and requirements of the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan", the "Opinions" will maintain its strength, extend its depth and broaden its breadth, fight the defense of blue sky, clear water and pure land with higher standards, continue to implement a number of landmark battles, and continue to attack hard for a long time.

● Focus on the fight against heavy polluted weather.

● Focus on the fight against ozone pollution.

● Continue to fight the battle for pollution control of diesel trucks.

● Strengthen the control of atmospheric non-point source and noise pollution.

● Continue to fight the battle against urban black and odorous water bodies.

● Continue to fight the tough battle for the protection and restoration of the Yangtze River

● Focus on fighting the tough battle for ecological protection and governance of the Yellow River.

● Consolidate and improve the level of drinking water safety.

● Focus on the battle for comprehensive management of key sea areas.

● Strengthen collaborative pollution control in land and sea areas.

● Continue to fight the battle for pollution control in agriculture and rural areas.

● Further promote the prevention and control of soil pollution and safe utilization of agricultural land.

● Effectively control the risk of soil pollution in construction land.

● Steadily promote the construction of a "waste-free city"

● Strengthen the control of new pollutants.

● Strengthen coordinated prevention and control of groundwater pollution.

Ecological protection and pollution prevention are inseparable and interact with each other, so it is necessary to make overall arrangements and make concerted efforts to reduce pollutant emissions while expanding environmental capacity.The Opinions clarified the key tasks of ecological protection from three aspects.

First, continuously improve the quality of ecosystems, promote the protection and restoration of important ecosystems, and carry out large-scale land greening operations.

The second is to implement major biodiversity protection projects, accelerate the investigation, observation and evaluation of biodiversity, and improve the nature reserve system with national parks as the main body.

The third is to strengthen the supervision of ecological protection, build and improve the ecological monitoring network, strengthen the supervision of nature reserves and ecological protection red lines, and increase the supervision and investigation of ecological damage according to law.

Eco-environmental governance is a systematic project, which requires comprehensive use of administrative, market, rule of law, science and technology and other means.The Opinions clarified the key tasks of improving the modernization level of ecological environment management from seven aspects.

First, comprehensively strengthen the legal protection of the ecological environment and promote ecological environment governance on the track of the rule of law.

The second is to improve the eco-environmental economic policy and implement policies and measures conducive to green development.

The third is to improve the investment mechanism of ecological environment funds, and focus on ensuring the investment of ecological environment funds as a basic and strategic investment.

The fourth is to implement the short-board action of environmental infrastructure and build an integrated environmental infrastructure system.

The fifth is to improve the effectiveness of ecological environment supervision and law enforcement and strengthen the whole process supervision.

Sixth, establish and improve a modern ecological environment monitoring system to achieve full coverage of environmental quality, ecological quality and pollution source monitoring.

The seventh is to build a service-oriented scientific and technological innovation system and strengthen the transformation service of scientific and technological achievements in the ecological environment.

(Central Radio and Television General Station CCTV Network)