A person’s enthusiasm for socializing is roughly inversely proportional to his depth of thought.

In this world, what is truly valuable will not be noticed by people, but what is noticed often lacks value. Accordingly, for a person with his own value, if he knows how to minimize his own needs in order to preserve or expand his freedom, and try to avoid contact with his peers-because people in this world can’t avoid dealing with their peers, then this person will have real wisdom in life.

About solitude

Schopenhauer

I can enjoy myself, feel that everything is ready for me, and I can say that what I have is in me-this is the most important content of happiness. Therefore, Aristotle said a word worth repeating: Happiness belongs to those who are easily satisfied. . One of the reasons is that people can’t rely on others with certainty except themselves; Another reason is that the difficulties and inconveniences, troubles and dangers brought by society are countless and unavoidable.

The wrong way to get happiness is to pursue a life of debauchery, because we try to turn a miserable life into continuous pleasure, joy and enjoyment. In this way, disillusionment will follow; This kind of life is inevitably accompanied by lying and coaxing between people.

First of all, living among social groups inevitably requires people to accommodate and tolerate each other; Therefore, the bigger the party scene, the more likely it is to become boring. Only when a person is alone can he become himself completely. Anyone who doesn’t love solitude doesn’t love freedom, because Only when a person is alone is he free. Stiff and restrained are inevitably accompanied by social gatherings.

??Matt Black

Social gatherings require people to make sacrifices, and the more unique a person is, the harder it is for him to make such sacrifices. Therefore, a person’s escape, tolerance or love of solitude is just proportional to the value of this person. Because when you are alone, a poor man will feel all his pities, while a man with rich thoughts will only feel his rich thoughts. In a word: one can only feel oneself. Furthermore, the higher a person’s position in the level of nature, the more lonely he is, which is fundamental and inevitable. If a person’s physical loneliness and mental loneliness correspond to each other, it will be of great benefit to him. Otherwise,Frequent contacts with people who are different from you will disturb your mind and take away your self.And he won’t get any compensation for this loss.

Nature has set great differences in morality and intelligence between people, but society turns a blind eye to these differences and treats everyone equally. What’s more, the artificial differences caused by social status and rank have replaced the differences set by nature, and the former usually runs counter to the latter. Those who are treated badly by nature have benefited from this arrangement of social life and gained a good position, while those who are favored by nature have been devalued. Therefore, the latter kind of people always avoid social gatherings. And once every social gathering becomes crowded, mediocrity will dominate. The reason why social gatherings do harm to people with outstanding talents is that everyone has equal rights, which in turn leads people to put forward equal rights and requirements for everything, even though their talents are different. The next result is that people require others to admit that they have made equal achievements and contributions to society.

The so-called upper class admits a person’s advantages in other aspects, but only refuses to admit a person’s advantages in spirit and thought; They even resist this advantage. Society binds us to show endless patience with stupidity, stupidity and abnormality, but people with superior personality must ask others to forgive us; Or, he must hide his superiority, because the existence of superior and prominent spiritual thoughts itself constitutes damage to others, even though it has no intention to do so at all. Therefore, the disadvantage of the so-called "upper class" social gathering is not only that it provides us with people we can’t praise and love, but also that we are not allowed to present our true colors in our own natural way; On the contrary, it forces us to distort and shrink ourselves in order to cater to others. Deep conversation and thoughtful words can only belong to a gathering of people with rich thoughts. In general and mediocre social gatherings, people absolutely hate conversations full of ideas and knowledge. Therefore, in order to please others in this social situation, it is absolutely necessary to make yourself mediocre and narrow. Therefore,We can only reject most of ourselves in order to be similar and congenial to others. Of course, for this price, we gained the favor of others. But the more valuable a person is, the more he will find that it is not worth the loss. This is simply a loss-making business. People are usually unable to pay their debts; They impose boredom, annoyance, unhappiness and self-denial on us, but they can’t make up for it. Most social gatherings are such essence. Give up this social gathering in exchange for solitude, then we have made a shrewd business.

In addition, because the advantages of real spiritual thought are not seen in social gatherings, and it is really rare, in order to replace it, people have adopted something false, secular and conventional, based on quite random principles as a kind of superior performance-it is traditionally conveyed in advanced social circles and can be changed at any time just like argot. This is what people call fashion or fashion. However, once this advantage collides with the real advantage of people, it immediately shows its weakness. Moreover, "when fashion enters, common sense will retire."

Generally speaking, One can only achieve the perfect harmony with oneself, not with friends or spouses. Because the differences in personality and temper between people will certainly bring some disharmony, even if these disharmonies are only quite slight. Therefore, complete and true inner peace-this is the supreme favor after health in this world-can only be found when a person is alone; To maintain this state of mind for a long time, it is only necessary to live in seclusion.

??Matt Black

The first lesson that young people learn is to bear loneliness, because loneliness is the source of happiness and happiness. According to this, only those who rely on themselves and can realize themselves from everything are the people in the best situation. So Cicero said, "It is impossible for a person who relies entirely on himself and everything that belongs to him exists in himself."

In addition,The more a person has, the less others can give him. It is this sufficient feeling that makes people with intrinsic rich value unwilling to make necessary and obvious sacrifices for the sake of communication with others; They are even less likely to actively seek these contacts and deny themselves. In contrast, because of their lack of inner self, mediocre people like to associate with others and indulge others, because it is easier for them to tolerate others than themselves. Besides, in this world,What is truly valuable will not be noticed by people, but what is noticed often lacks value. Every valuable and outstanding person would rather retire and retire-this is the proof and result of the above facts. Accordingly, for a person with his own value, if he knows how to minimize his own needs in order to preserve or expand his freedom, and try to avoid contact with his peers-because people in this world can’t avoid dealing with their peers, then this person will have real wisdom in life.

What motivates people to engage in social interaction is that people lack the ability to endure loneliness-in loneliness, people can’t stand themselves. Their inner boredom and emptiness drive them to be keen on interacting with people and traveling and sightseeing in other places. Their spiritual thoughts lack a kind of elasticity, so they can’t move on their own; Therefore, they try to improve their spirits by drinking, and many people become alcoholics in this way. For the same reason, these people need constant stimulation from the outside-or, more accurately, they can get the strongest stimulation through contact with people of the same kind. Without this kind of stimulation, their spiritual thoughts will sink under the heavy burden and eventually fall into a tragic muddle. We can also say that all these people have only a small part of the concept of human nature. Therefore, they need many supplements from others. Only in this way, can they get the complete consciousness of human beings to some extent.

In this sense, we can compare mediocre people to those Russian horn instruments. Each horn can only emit a single tone, and the required horns can be properly put together to play music. The spirit and temperament of the public are monotonous and boring, just like those animal horn instruments that can only make a single tone. Indeed,Many people seem to have only a certain unchangeable opinion all their lives, and beyond that, they have no ability to generate other ideas and thoughts. This not only explains why these people are so boring, but also explains why they are so keen on interacting with people, especially enjoying activities in groups. This is the social nature of human beings. People’s monotonous personality makes them unable to stand themselves. "Stupid people suffer from the fatigue caused by their stupidity." Only when people come together and unite can they make a difference. This situation is the same as bringing together Russian horn instruments to play music.

However, a person with rich thoughts and minds can be compared with a musician who can play music alone; Or, we can compare him to a piano. The piano itself is a small band. Similarly, such a person is a miniature world. Others need to be complemented by each other, but the individual mind consciousness of this kind of person is already a unity. Just like the piano, he is not a member of a symphony orchestra. He is more suitable to play alone. If he really needs to play with others, then he can only be the lead voice accompanied by other instruments, just like the piano in the band. Or, he sets the tone of vocal music like a piano. Those who love social interaction can draw a rule from my metaphor: the quality lacking in social interaction can only be compensated by the number of people to some extent. It is enough to have a thoughtful companion. But if it is difficult to find others except mediocre people, then it is a good idea to make up a certain number of these people, because we will still gain something through their respective differences and mutual supplementation-using the metaphor of animal horn instruments.

May God grant us patience! Similarly, due to the poverty and emptiness in people’s hearts, when those better people form a group for some noble ideal goals, they almost invariably encounter such a result: among that huge crowd-they are like all-pervasive bacteria, ready to seize any opportunity to drive away boredom-there are always some people who blend in or forcibly break into this group. Before long, this group was either destroyed or tampered with, which ran counter to the original intention of forming this group.

??Matt Black

In addition, people’s social life can be regarded as spiritual heating between people, which is similar to people crowding together to keep warm in cold weather. However, people with extraordinary ideological enthusiasm do not need to be crowded with others. A person’s enthusiasm for social interaction is roughly inversely proportional to the value of his spiritual thoughts. This sentence, "he doesn’t like to associate with people", is almost equivalent to saying "he is a man with great qualities"

Loneliness brings double benefits to a person with excellent spiritual endowment: first, he can keep company with himself; Second, he doesn’t need to be with others. The second point is precious, especially when we remember the bondage, annoyance and even danger that social communication means. Rabuye said: "We suffer all the misfortunes because we can’t be alone." . Being keen on interacting with people is actually a very dangerous tendency, because most of the people we deal with are morally deficient, mentally retarded or abnormal. Not sociable is actually not rare for these people. It is indeed a great blessing for a person to have enough connotation to have no need to associate with others at all; Because almost all the pain comes from interacting with people, our peace of mind-which is second only to our health-will be destroyed at any time because of interacting with people.

Without enough solitude, we can’t get a peaceful state of mind. Bernarden de Saint-Pierre’s words hit the nail on the head and said beautifully: "Moderation in dealing with people will make our hearts calm." Therefore, if anyone can adapt to solitude at an early age and likes solitude, he will get a gold mine. Of course, not everyone can do this. Just as people are driven together by lack from the beginning, once the lack is solved, boredom will also drive people together. If people are not driven away by lack and boredom, they may be alone, although the reason is that everyone thinks they are important and even unique, and living alone is just suitable for people who evaluate themselves like this; Because living in a crowded and complicated world, it will become difficult and constrained, and its importance and uniqueness will be greatly reduced. In this sense, solitude is even a natural state of life suitable for everyone: it enables everyone to enjoy the original happiness that is consistent with their own nature like Adam.

But of course, Adam has no father or mother! Therefore, in another sense, being alone is unnatural for people. At least, when people come to this world, they find that they are not alone. He has parents, brothers and sisters, so he is a member of the group. Accordingly, the love of solitude is not an original tendency, but a product of experience and consideration; Moreover, the love of solitude is formed with the progress of our spiritual ability and the increase of our age. So,Generally speaking, a person’s desire for social interaction is inversely proportional to his age. Young children will cry in horror and pain when they stay alone for a while. Leaving a boy alone is a severe punishment for him. It is easy for young people to get together. Only those young people with noble temperament sometimes try to be alone, but it is still difficult to stay alone for a day. But adults can do this easily. They have been alone for a long time. Moreover, the older he gets, the more he can be alone. Finally, the old people who arrived in seventy years of age no longer need the pleasure and entertainment in life, or they are completely indifferent, and all their peers have passed away. For this kind of old people, being alone is just what they need.

Loneliness is the doomed fate of people with outstanding spirit: they sometimes boo at this fate, but they always choose loneliness as the lesser of two evils. With the growth of age, it becomes easier and more natural to "let yourself follow reason" in this respect. When a person reaches the age of 60, his desire for loneliness is really natural, and even becomes an instinct, because at this age, all factors are combined to help form the desire for loneliness. The strong love for socializing, that is, the love for women and the desire for sex, has cooled down. In fact, The state of no sexual desire in old age lays the foundation for a person to achieve some kind of self-sufficiency; Self-sufficiency will gradually suck away people’s desire for social interaction. We gave up all kinds of illusions and foolish behaviors; The active and busy life is mostly over by this time. At this time, there is nothing to look forward to, and there are no more plans and plans. There are not many generations left to which we belong. The people around us belong to a new and unfamiliar generation, and we have become an objective and truly lonely existence.

??Matt Black

Time goes by more and more quickly, and we are more willing to devote our time at this moment to spiritual thinking. Because if our minds remain energetic, the rich knowledge and experience we have accumulated, the gradually improved ideas and opinions, and the superb skills we have mastered in using our own abilities make our research on things easier and more interesting than before. Countless things that used to be foggy in the clouds and mountains are now clearly understood by us; Things have come to the bottom, and we feel that we have some kind of complete advantage. Rich experience makes us stop expecting too much of others, because, on the whole, others are not all people who will gain our goodwill and praise after we get to know each other better. On the contrary, we know that apart from some rare and lucky examples, we will encounter nothing but specimens of human defects. We’d better stay away from these people. Therefore, we are no longer confused by the usual illusions in life. We can judge a person from the outside; We are not eager to have deeper contact with such people. Finally, The habit of being apart from others and keeping company with ourselves has become our second nature, especially when loneliness has been our friend since youth.

As Horace said, "There is nothing perfect in this world". An Indian proverb says, "There is no lotus without a stalk". Therefore, although solitude has many advantages, it also has a little inconvenience and trouble. Among the many inconveniences of lonely life, one disadvantage is not easy to attract our attention: just as staying indoors continuously will make our bodies sensitive to the influence of the outside world, a small cold wind will cause our bodies to get sick; Similarly, Living alone for a long time will make our emotions extremely sensitive. Some insignificant things, words, and even other people’s expressions and eyes will make us feel uneasy, hurt and painful. In contrast, a person who lives in the hustle and bustle of JaeHee will not notice these trivial things at all.

If a person chooses a lonely life out of justified disgust and fear, then he can’t stand the dark side of lonely life for a long time, especially when he is young. My advice to such people is to form such a habit: Bring part of loneliness into the social crowd and learn to maintain a certain degree of loneliness in the crowd. In this way, he will learn not to tell others what he thinks anytime and anywhere at once; In addition, never take what others say too seriously. He can’t expect too much from others, either morally or ideologically. He should cultivate an indifferent and indifferent attitude towards other people’s views, because this is the most practical means to cultivate commendable tolerance. Although he lives among people, he can’t be a part of them completely; He should keep in touch with others as objectively as possible. This will make him avoid too close contact with the social crowd, which will protect himself from slander and insult by others. In this sense, we can compare the social crowd to a fire. Wise people know how to keep a distance from the fire when heating, instead of being too close to the fire like fools. After burning himself, the latter plunged into the cold loneliness and complained loudly about the burning flame.

This article is excerpted from

The Wisdom of Life

Author: [Germany] Schopenhauer

Translator: Wei Qichang

Publishing House: Shanghai People’s Publishing House

Publication year: April 2014

Edit | Barbarossa

Editor | Wei Bingxin

Animal manure electric power Japanese enterprises develop bio-natural gas power generation devices

　　People’s Daily Online, Tokyo, April 10 According to the website of Asahi Shimbun, Aisin Seiki Co., Ltd. of Japan is developing a bio-natural gas power generation device that can generate electricity by using animal droppings such as chickens and cows. The biggest selling point is that it can generate electricity independently and provide natural gas when there is a power outage. The company plans to sell this power generation device to India, which has a huge overseas market, in 2021 while meeting the needs of Japanese dairy farmers.

　　It is reported that Aisin Seiki Co., Ltd., which is involved in auto parts manufacturing, also operates thermoelectric supply products for ordinary families and uses gas engines. It intends to promote the popularization of gas engines and the industrialization of bio-natural gas power generation.

　　The small natural gas generator developed by the company is about 1 meter high, 70 centimeters long and 40 centimeters wide. The raw material for producing natural gas is animal manure, which is a headache for farmers. The generator can not only effectively treat feces, but also generate electricity to illuminate chicken houses and cowhouses. It can be described as killing two birds with one stone. (Compile: Xu Wenjin)

Conditions and requirements for research and development

First, the undergraduate college I attended has the qualification of insurance research.

There are a certain number of places for postgraduate insurance, and some schools are qualified for postgraduate insurance, while a considerable number of colleges and universities are not. Therefore, for students who want to attend postgraduate insurance, it is necessary to know whether their colleges and universities are qualified to walk graduate students. If not, there is no way to walk graduate students, which is also a prerequisite for obtaining postgraduate insurance qualification.

Second, excellent grades

Just like walking a graduate student to a university in high school, the student who needs to be walked must have good enough grades to qualify for walking. Therefore, students who want to take part in walking must start to study their relevant professional knowledge from the moment they step into the university gate, and strive for all their professional courses to be at the leading level in the class or even in the college, so as to have the opportunity to obtain the exemption qualification. If their grades are not good enough, there is no way to obtain the exemption qualification.

Third, excellent English

In the final analysis, it is also required that our grades are excellent enough, because quite a few colleges and universities have requirements for the level of English level. For example, most colleges and universities must pass the CET-6 exam now, and the CET-6 exam must reach a certain score before they can obtain this qualification, and quite a few colleges and universities also have certain requirements for candidates’ IELTS scores. Although they have not stated the conditions for walking, there are hidden bonus options if they meet the conditions stipulated by them.

Four, to participate in scientific research projects, and more awards.

A considerable number of key universities will open a summer camp before determining the number of graduate students to walk. To qualify for this summer camp, you must submit some information about scientific research projects you have participated in. If you can publish articles in some well-known journals, you will also have a very large bonus option. In addition, the award certificates of various knowledge contests and activities that I participated in are also an important condition for obtaining the exemption qualification. It should be noted that only some persuasive awards with high gold content can get higher points.

These are the requirements of most colleges and universities in our country that have the qualification to apply for postgraduate studies. Therefore, if we want to enroll through exemption, we must work hard for it, because it is a social environment in which the fittest survive, and only by working harder can we achieve better development.

The national anti-fraud department phone comes with a ＂business card＂! Learn about these anti-fraud tools →

June 23 rd

The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued another anti-fraud weapon.

Officially launched the "anti-fraud business card" service.

Telephone numbers to discourage anti-fraud early warning of public security organs at all levels

Mark and call reminder

Build a firewall

This call can be answered with confidence!

What is an "anti-fraud business card"?

What does it do?

A picture helps you to understand quickly.

↓ ↓

Tips

The national anti-fraud department has its own business card, so you can answer it with confidence. If you have any questions, please call 96110 for consultation.

APP, special line … …

Anti-fraud and these sharp weapons!

In recent years, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the People’s Bank of China and other departments have further promoted the crackdown on telecommunication network fraud and crimes, and built and launched the "five anti-fraud weapons" — — The National Anti-Fraud Center APP, the 96110 early warning and dissuasion hotline, the 12381 fraud-related early warning and dissuasion SMS system, the national mobile phone card "one-card universal search" service, and the China Unionpay Quick Pass APP "one-click card search" have built a "firewall" for anti-fraud and anti-fraud.

National anti-fraud center APP

"National Anti-Fraud Center APP" is the official mobile phone anti-fraud protection software.

When users receive fraudulent phone calls, short messages or log on fraudulent websites, they will give early warning in time.

When users find clues about fraud, they can report it with one click.

Users can also verify the real identity, social account number and transaction account number of suspicious netizens through the APP, which greatly reduces the risk of online transactions.

APP publishes the latest fraud methods of criminals every day, analyzes typical cases, and helps users learn anti-fraud knowledge and understand fraud routines.

96110 early warning and dissuasion hotline

The 96110 early warning and dissuasion line is a special anti-fraud number.

It is found that the masses are experiencing telecommunication network fraud or are easily deceived, and the police will promptly warn and dissuade them through this special line;

In case of suspected fraud, the masses can call 96110 for consultation;

If a fraud clue is found, the masses can report it through this number.

If you receive a call from the "96110" number, it means that the owner himself or his family is experiencing electric fraud. Please answer it in time and listen patiently to the police’s dissuasion tips to avoid being deceived.

12381 fraud warning discourages SMS

The 12381 fraud-related early warning and dissuasion SMS system was launched by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Public Security on July 14th last year, which realized real-time SMS warning for potential deceived users for the first time.

The 12381 system can automatically analyze and find the potential cheated users according to the numbers involved provided by the public security organs, using big data, artificial intelligence and other technologies, and send an early warning message to the users at the first time through the 12381 short message port, reminding them that they may face nine types of high-risk telecommunication network fraud, such as "loan", "rebate by swiping a bill", "impersonating a public security inspection law" and "killing a pig plate".

If you receive an early warning message from 12381, it means that you are likely to encounter electric fraud. You should be on high alert and keep in mind the principle of "three noes, no more": don’t click on unknown links, don’t trust unfamiliar calls, don’t disclose personal information, and verify more transfers and remittances. Beware of being fooled.

National Mobile Phone Card "One-card Universal Search" Service

In view of the fact that some people’s identity information was fraudulently used by fraudsters to handle the phone cards involved, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology launched the "one-card universal inquiry" service for national mobile phone cards.

The "one-card universal inquiry" service has opened up the relevant data of 93 provincial-level basic telecommunications enterprises and 39 mobile communication resale enterprises. People only need to use their resident ID cards to inquire about the number of national mobile phone cards held in their names through online and offline channels. The dedicated short message port 10699000 will feed back the results to the reserved mobile phone numbers within 48 hours, which truly realizes the unified and convenient inquiry of national mobile phone cards.

China Unionpay Quick Pass APP "one-click card search"

In order to solve the people’s demands for inter-bank bank card account inquiry, the People’s Bank of China instructed China UnionPay Co., Ltd. and commercial banks to pilot the "one-click card inquiry" function in China Unionpay Quick Pass based on the unified banking APP last December.

Create a unified inquiry channel to provide the public with information such as the number of bank cards, the bank name of each card, the attributes of debit and credit records, and desensitized card numbers. Under the premise of ensuring information security, it is convenient for the public to directly grasp the information of bank cards under personal names and strengthen their own bank card management.

The most popular Tengshi car is in its early 334,800 s.

The richness of the configuration is closely linked to the cost performance of a car, and many people have mentioned it. Let’s get to know each other.

Let’s look at the appearance of Tengshi Z9 first. The whole front of Tengshi Z9 looks very fashionable and simple, and it is very recognizable. At the same time, the headlights present a domineering design style, and the overall look is fashionable and simple. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, delayed closing and so on. Coming to the side of the car, the body size of the car is 5235 mm * 1990 mm * 1500 mm. The car adopts dignified lines, and the side wall presents a fashionable and simple design style. With large-sized thick-walled tires, it gives people a very eye-catching feeling. In the design of the rear, the overall shape of the rear echoes the front face, and the taillights are very sharp, and the overall layout is impressive.

Coming into the car, Tengshi Z9 interior looks very spiritual, which is consistent with the positioning of the car. The car looks very good outside the steering wheel, equipped with electric up and down+front and rear adjustment, steering wheel memory, steering wheel heating and other functions, giving a very good grip experience. From the central control point of view, with the 17.3-inch central control screen, the interior style is impressive, and the overall design of the central control is very good. Finally, let’s look at the dashboard and seats. The car is equipped with a deep dashboard and looks very concise. The car uses leather seats, and the seats are wrapped in place, which is basically enough for daily use.

The car is equipped with car networking, driving mode selection, remote control key, Bluetooth key, NFC/RFID key, UWB digital key, rear window sunshade, interior atmosphere light and other configurations, and the configuration has reached the mainstream level of the same level.

The car introduced today is remarkable in terms of space, configuration and power, and home travel is also a good helper. Xiaobian thinks that if you really want to buy this car, you still have to go offline to actually experience it.

The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology officially released!

　　On the 13th, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology officially issued the Measures for the Management of Data Security in the Field of Industry and Informatization (Trial). According to the Administrative Measures, important data and core data collected and generated by data processors in the field of industry and informatization in People’s Republic of China (PRC) should be stored in China if there are domestic storage requirements in laws and administrative regulations. If it is really necessary to provide them overseas, the data exit safety assessment should be conducted according to laws and regulations.

　　According to relevant laws and international treaties and agreements concluded or acceded to by People’s Republic of China (PRC), or according to the principle of equality and reciprocity, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology handles the requests of foreign industrial, telecommunications and radio law enforcement agencies for providing data in the field of industry and informatization. Without the approval of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, data processors in the field of industry and information technology may not provide foreign law enforcement agencies of industry, telecommunications and radio with data stored in People’s Republic of China (PRC).

　　Based on the general principle of data classification protection, the Administrative Measures require general data to strengthen the whole life cycle security management, important data to be protected on the basis of general data protection, and core data to be protected more strictly on the basis of important data protection. For different levels of data being processed at the same time and it is difficult to take protection measures separately, the principle of "just high" shall be adopted and the protection shall be implemented according to the requirements of the highest level.

　　Transfer from: CCTV news client

[Editor in charge:

]

The Ministry of Agriculture answered a reporter’s question on ＂agricultural structural adjustment＂

The Ministry of Agriculture answered a reporter’s question on "agricultural structural adjustment"
-Overall planning for stable production, supply, income and ecology.
Improve the competitiveness of agricultural development

On the morning of May 5th, the Information Office of the Ministry of Agriculture held a special press conference on "Agricultural Structure Adjustment". Yu Xinrong, Vice Minister of Agriculture, introduced the situation that the Ministry of Agriculture carried out the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, and promoted the agricultural structure adjustment, and answered the reporter’s questions together with Zeng Yande, Director of Planting Department, Ma Youxiang, Director of Animal Husbandry Department, and Zhao Xingwu, Director of Fisheries and Fishery Bureau. Ye Zhenqin, director of the General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and spokesperson, presided over the press conference.

Yu Xinrong said that the general idea of agricultural structure adjustment is to adjust and optimize the agricultural structure based on the current situation, with a long-term view, guided by market demand, with deepening rural reform as the new driving force, with green development, improving quality and efficiency, and exploring mechanisms as the direction, to promote institutional and institutional innovation, and to make overall plans to stabilize production, ensure supply, ensure income and protect ecology, so as to continuously improve the quality, efficiency and competitiveness of agricultural development.

Adjustment of planting structure: scientifically guiding the reduction of corn in non-dominant producing areas

Yu Xinrong:China’s grain output has achieved "12 consecutive increases", the relationship between supply and demand has been improved, and the food security situation is one of the best periods. But at the same time, we should also see that the structural contradiction of agriculture has begun to appear, which is mainly reflected in the coexistence of staged and structural oversupply and insufficient supply. From the perspective of planting, the supply and demand of wheat and rice rations are basically balanced, and the supply of corn exceeds demand in stages; The gap between supply and demand of soybeans is gradually expanding. At the same time, the import of cotton, oilseeds and sugar increased due to resource constraints and the impact of the international market. I want to emphasize in particular that the supply and demand of wheat and rice are basically balanced at present, and there are mainly corn in the inventory.

With the increasing constraint of resources and environment, the demand for upgrading consumption structure is getting higher and higher, the degree of industrial integration is getting deeper and deeper, and the linkage between domestic and foreign markets is getting tighter and tighter. It is not enough to follow the past thinking. It is necessary to adjust and optimize the planting structure and lead the structural reform of agricultural supply side on the agenda, so that modern agriculture can achieve more stable, sustained and better development on the original basis.

To this end, the Ministry of Agriculture has specially compiled the National Planting Structure Adjustment Plan (2016-2020), which has made an overall design of the main crop variety structure and regional layout during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, with the aim of guiding all localities to make scientific adjustments in accordance with scientific, ecological and sustainable requirements and the layout of functional areas. The overall consideration is to ensure food rations and grains, stabilize the self-sufficiency level of cotton, edible vegetable oil and sugar, and at the same time ensure the balanced production and supply of vegetables.

The adjustment of corn structure is the focus of this planting structure adjustment, and the adjustment area is the "sickle bend" area. In the second half of last year, the Ministry of Agriculture formulated and issued "Guiding Opinions on Corn Structure Adjustment in Sickle Bend Area". The overall idea is to ensure production capacity, properly adjust and industrialize. Ensuring production capacity means consolidating and upgrading advantageous production areas, strengthening infrastructure construction and ensuring corn production capacity. Appropriate adjustment means appropriately reducing the corn area in non-dominant areas, especially in the "sickle bend" area, and doing subtraction and addition together to encourage farmers to replant the withdrawn corn into other crops that are needed by the market and have better benefits. For suitable areas, areas with good economic, social and ecological benefits, we should also strengthen production capacity and promote the healthy development of corn production by increasing unit yield. Industrialization, corn is an agricultural product with high energy and long industrial chain, and its subsequent processing industrial chain is very long, so we propose to promote the transformation of corn with the concept of industry, realize the increase of farmers’ income and the better development of local economy.

At the same time, corn is the basic feed source of aquaculture. We can develop animal husbandry and processing industry by using it, which can be likened to changing "granary" into "granary+meat storehouse+milk bottle+sugar jar+fuel tank", and turning it into a good industry for increasing farmers’ income and developing local economy through serialization and in-depth development. How does corn become a "fuel tank"? Because corn is a good raw material for bio-fuel, and we have set up points in some places a few years ago and are exploring. Therefore, to improve the comprehensive benefits of corn is also an important content of this corn structure adjustment.

In terms of work deployment, we have coordinated the reduction of corn with the pilot of grain-bean rotation and grain-to-feed reform and the reform of corn storage and storage system. The key point is to reduce the non-dominant production areas in the "sickle bend" areas such as the cold northeast area and the farming-pastoral ecotone in the north, and actively guide farmers to replant soybeans, potato miscellaneous grains, silage corn and high-quality forage grass.

Around this goal, the agricultural sector has taken various measures. The first is to strengthen organizational promotion. The Ministry of Agriculture held several meetings to make arrangements, and sent working groups to Northeast China, Huanghuaihai and other areas with heavy structural adjustment tasks five times to supervise and inspect the implementation of key tasks such as grain-bean rotation and grain-to-feed conversion. All localities have decomposed tasks at different levels and accelerated the implementation. Heilongjiang Province has included the task of corn reduction in the performance appraisal of the main party and government leaders in counties and cities. At present, the relevant provinces have implemented the reduced area to counties and townships. The second is to strengthen guidance services. The Ministry of Agriculture organized experts to guide the formulation of more than 10 technical plans for sub-regions and sub-crops, and released them in key seasons. Agricultural departments at all levels organized nearly 300,000 government officials and agricultural technicians to go deep into the front line of production, and took the form of casing pieces and entering villages and households to help farmers solve practical difficulties. The third is to strengthen policy support. The Ministry of Agriculture, together with the Ministry of Finance, integrated 3.25 billion yuan of funds to support the structural adjustment of corn, focusing on subsidizing the development of grain-to-feed and grain-bean rotation. Before spring sowing, the funds were allocated to all localities, and the number of pilot counties for grain-to-feed reform increased from 30 to 100 this year. Cooperate with the Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance and other departments to further improve the policy of purchasing and storing corn, and actively promote the reform of "market-oriented acquisition" and "subsidy".

According to the agricultural situation dispatch of the Ministry of Agriculture and the reflection of various localities, the adjustment of planting structure has started well this year. First, it is estimated that the intended planting area of corn will be reduced by more than 20 million mu this year. Second, the recovery of soybean area has increased, which is expected to increase by more than 6 million mu this year. Third, the varieties with strong market demand have increased more. Fourth, the varieties of rice, wheat and other rations remained stable.

Structural adjustment of animal husbandry: optimizing the layout of pigs and developing herbivorous animal husbandry

Yu Xinrong:The weak production base, relatively backward development mode and tight ecological environment constraints are the outstanding problems facing the development of animal husbandry at present. Promoting the structural adjustment of animal husbandry, optimizing pig layout and developing herbivorous animal husbandry are the key points. In May 2015, the Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Herbivorous Animal Husbandry was issued, and in April this year, the National Pig Production Development Plan (2016-2020) was issued. The general consideration is to stabilize pigs, promote cattle and sheep, improve the matching degree of resources and environment, and promote the transformation, upgrading and green development of animal husbandry. We have made arrangements for this work since last year.

Pork is the main meat variety consumed by urban and rural residents in China. In order to maintain the stable development of pig production, the Ministry of Agriculture focuses on three things. First, it optimizes and adjusts the regional layout. In November 2015, the Ministry of Agriculture issued the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Optimization and Adjustment of Pig Breeding Layout in Southern Water Network Areas. The second is to speed up the development of standardized scale breeding. To stabilize pig production, it is very important to promote standardized production and gradually solve the small-scale and pollution-prone mode of raising pigs for thousands of households. The third is to promote the comprehensive utilization of waste and the harmless treatment of dead pigs, focusing on large pig breeding counties, start the establishment of demonstration counties for green development of animal husbandry, and develop ecological recycling farming. At the same time, strengthen the harmless treatment of dead pigs and strengthen the supervision of pig slaughter.

In the next step, the Ministry of Agriculture will guide and promote the rational delineation of suitable breeding areas and prohibited breeding areas, and create 100 national pig standardization demonstration farms and 10 animal husbandry green development demonstration counties in the southern water network area; The pilot project of "two reductions" in reducing livestock and poultry and aquaculture was carried out in Dongting Lake area, which accumulated successful experience that can be replicated and popularized for promoting pollution control of livestock and poultry breeding. At the same time, coordinate relevant departments to increase support for standardized scale breeding of pigs, and focus on the construction of manure treatment facilities; In conjunction with relevant departments, we will study the ways for the central government and governments at all levels to subsidize the insurance premium of pig price index, and gradually implement it in large-scale farms and large-scale pig-raising enterprises in large pig-raising counties across the country, so as to help iron out the "pig cycle."

With the upgrading of consumption structure, the supply of beef and mutton is relatively insufficient, and everyone is also very concerned. The Ministry of Agriculture vigorously promotes the development of herbivorous animal husbandry to ensure the supply of the market. First, do a good job in planning guidance. Together with the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance, the National Development Plan for Beef and Mutton was issued, which is now being implemented. The second is to support large-scale farming. In particular, we will vigorously promote the large-scale breeding of cattle and sheep, develop high-quality forage materials such as silage corn and alfalfa according to local conditions, and focus on solving the problems of weak breeding foundation and backward feeding methods. The third is to strengthen the construction of herbivorous livestock and poultry seed industry. Increase investment in science and technology and capital, speed up the improvement of local varieties, improve the breeding system of improved cattle and sheep, carry out the increment of basic cow herd expansion, and curb the downward trend of cow number. In particular, the Ministry of Agriculture attaches great importance to promoting and supporting local efforts to revitalize the dairy industry, speeding up the modernization of the dairy industry, and striving to improve the quality and quality safety of domestic dairy products to meet the needs of the domestic people.

Adjustment of fishery structure: promoting healthy farming and developing clean production

Yu Xinrong:The fishery production and supply market has been very good. At present, fishery resources continue to decline, fishing capacity is overcapacity, and the ecological environment pollution in waters is aggravated. The Ministry of Agriculture is studying and formulating the Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Transformation of Fishery Mode and Structure, and making special arrangements. The general idea is to improve quality and increase efficiency, reduce production and increase income, develop green, and enrich fishermen, and strive to change the way of breeding, operation, management and resource utilization, optimize regional layout, product structure, industrial structure and factor allocation, and promote the transformation and upgrading of fisheries.

The Ministry of Agriculture focuses on the following tasks: First, change the way of aquaculture. Vigorously promote standardized healthy aquaculture of aquatic products. The second is to strengthen the protection of fishery resources. We will continue to organize and implement the summer fishing moratorium in the coastal areas and the fishing bans in the Yangtze River and Pearl River, and will intensify efforts to promote the proliferation and release of aquatic biological resources and the construction of marine pastures to protect rare and endangered aquatic animals such as Chinese sturgeon and finless porpoise. The third is to reduce fishing capacity. Four special clean-up operations were organized nationwide to clean up the "homeless net". According to statistics, nearly 600,000 illegal fishing gear (tops) were cleaned up and 16,000 ships involved in fishing were banned. Good results have been achieved.

Next, the Ministry of Agriculture will also promote the improvement of the fishery oil price subsidy policy and other transfer mode policies to support fishery development, strengthen the protection of fishery resources and water environment, continue to vigorously clean up and rectify the "lost household network" and "three ships involved in fishing", especially implement the requirements of the Supreme Leader General Secretary for the ecological sustainable development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and continuously improve the aquatic resources and environment in the Yangtze River Basin.

This adjustment of agricultural structure better reflects the five new development concepts of the central government, which can not only ensure the national food security, but also continuously improve the ecological environment, leaving a blue sky, a green water and a high-quality cultivated land, making due contributions to the continuous development and progress of the Chinese nation.

Actively and effectively guide farmers to adjust planting structure

China News Service reporter:The reform of corn storage and storage system has been announced for one month. At present, it is the key period of spring sowing in the north. In the interview, we found that farmers want to reduce corn, but they don’t know what to replant. I wonder how the Ministry of Agriculture can guide farmers to adjust their planting structure.

Yu Xinrong:Your question is very timely, which reflects the aspirations of farmers and is what we are doing. According to the arrangement of the central government, the corn purchasing and storage system has been reformed this year, from the past temporary purchasing and storage policy to the new mechanism of "market acquisition+subsidy". In the past, in order to protect the interests of farmers, especially farmers who grow corn, the bottom purchase was completed by the state; This time, it is a market-oriented acquisition, but at the same time, in order to protect the interests of corn producers, necessary subsidies are given. There are two key points in this policy. One is that the price of corn fully reflects the market formation mechanism, and producers sell corn on the market with them. Various market entities independently enter the market for acquisition. The other is to establish a subsidy system for corn producers to keep the income of farmers planting corn in advantageous producing areas basically stable. Therefore, after the announcement of this system, local governments and grassroots cadres in the main corn producing areas increased their propaganda efforts, and together with the farmers, they tried their best to understand and understand the significance of this policy. The agricultural departments at all levels, in particular, should focus on the central government’s reform measures. In the process of policy adjustment and changes in the corn market, they should not only protect farmers’ enthusiasm for planting grain and corn, but also guide non-dominant areas to plant other crop varieties, such as grain-bean rotation.

As far as we know, after the announcement of the reform of the corn storage system, areas such as the fourth and fifth accumulated temperature zones in Heilongjiang Province are actively reducing corn, but some farmers don’t know what to replant. This problem is a problem that governments at all levels and agricultural departments need to focus on. I have talked about three points before to solve this problem, and besides, I have done three things: First, we have done a good job in planning and guidance. We issued the National Planting Structure Adjustment Plan (2016-2020) in time, and put forward opinions on the adjustment of variety structure and regional layout. Second, strengthen demonstration and guidance, mobilize agricultural technicians, grassroots cadres, and some large planters and experts, take the lead in carrying out planting structure adjustment, and provide as good services as possible in terms of technical materials. This year’s new varieties are also one of the most timely and best years to provide. The third is to strengthen publicity and guidance. The Ministry of Agriculture held a press conference in early April to introduce the situation of corn structural adjustment to the society in a timely manner, and sent a number of working groups to the main grain producing areas, together with grassroots cadres, to preach policies to farmers, guide relevant technologies, and provide quality services. "Farmers Daily" also opened a column to publicize the good experiences and practices of corn structural adjustment in various places. I would also like to mention in particular that in the process of policy adjustment, many news media have actively interpreted it, which has provided good help for grassroots farmers, especially large growers, to understand the policy in time, calculate the planting management accounts and plan this year’s planting plan.

Adjusting the structure cannot affect the safety of grain, especially rations.

Farmer Daily reporter:Last week, the Ministry of Agriculture just announced the "National Planting Structure Adjustment Plan (2016-2020)". What are the main features of this round of structural adjustment and what kind of goals should be achieved?

Yu Xinrong:Planting structure adjustment planning adheres to the five development concepts put forward by the central government. Specifically, it has the following characteristics: First, it highlights the green guidance. It is proposed to grasp the economic benefits, social benefits and ecological benefits and achieve the unity of the three benefits. The second is to coordinate and promote. A series of innovative ideas, innovative measures and innovative methods have been put forward in crop structure, variety structure, regional layout and industrial integration. The third is to focus on key efforts. According to the national planting structure adjustment plan, highlight the diversity of biological and climatic conditions, follow the laws of agriculture itself, not only keep the bottom line of food security, but also pay attention to those non-dominant areas and guide them to develop more suitable industries and varieties. For some major grain producing areas, special support policies are adopted, such as strengthening the construction of high-standard farmland and consolidating and improving grain production capacity. The fourth is to lay a good "combination boxing". Do a good job of addition, establish a big food concept, face the whole land resources, and develop food resources in all directions and in many ways. Do a good job of subtraction, based on resource conditions and market demand, reduce production in non-dominant areas, reduce groundwater funnels, heavy metal pollution areas and areas with serious ecological degradation, and reduce environmental pressure. Do a good job of multiplication, make full use of light, temperature, water, gas, soil and biological resources, change the single planting mode, establish a reasonable rotation system, improve soil and enhance soil fertility, and coordinate economic, social and ecological benefits, so as to realize the sustainable utilization of agricultural resources.

Implement the plan of planting structure adjustment, and strive to achieve the goal of "two guarantees, three stability and two coordination". First, we must achieve "two guarantees", that is, food and grain. We should not affect the safety of grain, especially rations, because of structural adjustment, so as to ensure that grain is basically self-sufficient and rations are absolutely safe. Second, we should stress the "three stabilities" and stabilize the self-sufficiency level of cotton, edible vegetable oil and sugar, which is the daily supply that our people need. Third, do a good job of "two coordination". To achieve the coordination of vegetable production and demand, forage production and animal husbandry. Further implement the "vegetable basket" mayor responsibility system and the food security governor responsibility system.

Pay close attention to various subsidy policies such as grain-bean rotation and grain-to-feed.
Cash to households and implement to fields as soon as possible.

Xinhua News Agency reporter:At present, there have been some positive changes in the adjustment of corn structure, but there are also some problems. For example, some farmers will worry about whether the products of alternative crops will sell well in the market, and what is the benefit of continuing to grow corn? What measures and considerations does the Ministry of Agriculture have on this issue?

Zeng Yande:This is also a key issue that we are currently concerned about. A prominent feature of agricultural production this year is the positive changes in structural adjustment. It shows that the adjustment of corn structure has a good start, which is a good momentum and also enhances our confidence. Of course, from the situation reflected by grassroots cadres and farmers, there are still some problems worthy of attention in the current corn structure adjustment. Mainly manifested as "three worries":

First, I am worried that the benefits of planting are difficult to protect. As we all know, what farmers plant depends on the price and benefits, and what benefits are good and earns more money will be planted. In the first two years, when the price of corn was good, farmers planted more corn, and the main producing areas in Northeast China were investigated. In general, the income per mu of corn was 200 yuan higher than that of soybeans. Farmers are worried that after switching to soybeans, the benefits will not catch up with corn. This is a realistic problem, which depends on policy guidance and subsidies for farmers who grow soybeans.

Second, it is worried that the market for alternative crop products is difficult to sell. We reduced corn, mainly by planting soybeans, miscellaneous grains and beans, silage corn and high-quality forage. Soybean is purchased by market, and the market of miscellaneous grains and beans fluctuates greatly, so silage corn and forage must be combined with planting and breeding. If there are too many of these products, it may be difficult to sell them and the price may come down. This depends on market guidance and good connection between production and marketing.

Third, I am worried that the enthusiasm of new agricultural business entities will be affected. In recent years, large growers, family farms, farmers’ cooperatives and other new business entities have become the main force of grain production. After the reform of the corn purchasing and storage system, the income expectation will drop and the enthusiasm will be affected. We will pay close attention to these problems with relevant departments and actively respond to them to protect farmers’ enthusiasm for production.

In the next step, we should focus on three things. First, we should strengthen publicity and guidance. At present, it is at the peak of spring sowing in the north, and we propose to interpret the key contents of the reform of corn storage system in various forms, so that farmers can understand the connotation and requirements of the policy, and make detailed accounts and arrange the structure. Recently, agricultural departments at all levels have organized cadres and agricultural technicians, including conducting a survey of "100 rural households", entering villages and households, and preaching policies. The second is to promote policy implementation. In conjunction with the financial departments, we will pay close attention to the implementation of various subsidy policies such as grain-bean rotation and grain-to-feed as soon as possible. Conscientiously implement the soybean target price policy, scientifically collect the price, reasonably calculate and protect the enthusiasm of farmers to grow beans. The third is to promote the convergence of production and marketing. By holding fairs, fairs and other forms, we will promote special agricultural products such as miscellaneous grains and beans to expand market consumption. At the same time, actively promote "modern agriculture in internet plus", develop e-commerce and expand the market, so that products can be sold smoothly and farmers’ income can increase steadily.

Last year, farmers in the pilot area of changing grain to feed increased their income and increased their efficiency.

People’s Daily reporter:Last year, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee clearly proposed to carry out a pilot project of changing grain to feed. As far as we know, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Finance have carried out pilot projects in some provinces and cities last year. What is the effect now? How to advance in the future?

Ma Youxiang:Forage is as important to livestock and poultry breeding as three meals a day is to people. Good livestock can produce good milk and meat only by eating good grass and using good materials. High-quality forage is the most basic foundation of animal husbandry, and the shortage of high-quality forage is one of the important bottlenecks restricting the development of herbivorous animal husbandry in China. Last year, the Ministry of Agriculture, together with the Ministry of Finance, selected 30 counties in 10 provinces and autonomous regions, including Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia, to carry out the experiment of changing grain to feed, focusing on whole-plant silage corn and promoting the matching of grass and livestock. Practice has proved that the grain-to-feed pilot has achieved a good win-win effect of planting and breeding, which is not only an important way to adjust the planting structure, but also a key measure to improve the quality and efficiency of herbivorous animal husbandry, and has been widely welcomed by farmers. I would like to give you a brief report on four sets of data: First, last year, the grain-to-feed plan planted 1.5 million mu, and actually implemented 2.86 million mu, and collected and stored 9.95 million tons of high-quality forage, which nearly doubled the expected target. This shows that farmers are active in grain-to-feed and support this policy. Secondly, the average yield of whole silage corn in the pilot area is 3.5 tons per mu, and the average purchase price per ton is 410 yuan money. The income of one mu of land is 1,435 yuan, which is 335 yuan higher than that of planting seed corn. This shows that farmers have increased their income and gained benefits. Thirdly, the whole plant of silage corn was popularized in dairy scale farms, and the average yield of adult cows reached 8 tons, saving 300 yuan in feed cost for producing one ton of milk. Milk protein and other quality indicators have also been significantly improved. Feeding whole-plant silage to beef cattle saves 1000 yuan per slaughter, which shows that the breeding efficiency has been improved.

According to Document No.1 of the Central Committee in 2016 and the spirit of the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", this year, the central government will increase its support, and expand the pilot scope of changing grain to feed to the whole "Sickle Bend" area and the main corn producing areas in Huanghuaihai, and the number of pilot counties will increase from 30 to 100. How to advance this year? We mainly guide local governments to do a good job in four aspects, which can be summarized as "two reasonable determinations and two continuous strengthening". Two reasonable determinations, one is to reasonably determine the area of changing grain to feed, insist on raising and planting seeds for raising and planting seeds for raising, and reasonably determine the planting scale to ensure that the produced feed can be sold, used and has good benefits. The second is to reasonably determine the varieties of grain to feed, adhere to local conditions, rationally replant, and scientifically choose planting varieties. Planting silage corn is suitable for planting silage corn, and planting alfalfa is suitable for planting alfalfa. It is necessary to choose a good variety. The first is to continue to strengthen the industrialization of forage production, adhere to large-scale planting, mechanized operation and standardized production as the main direction, accelerate the construction of modern forage production system, and fill the shortcomings in the development of herbivorous animal husbandry. The second is to continue to strengthen the management of support funds, that is to say, to manage and make good use of support funds. We insist on the task to the province, the capital to the province, and the responsibility to the province, giving local full autonomy. At the same time, establish and improve the supervision and evaluation system, ensure the good use of support funds, and effectively play its due effect.

Actively promote the development of potato industry and build a staple food culture in a well-off society

People’s Daily reporter:The key point of reducing corn is to change rice to beans and grain to feed, and potato is also an alternative crop. Everyone is very concerned about this issue, that is, what new measures does the Ministry of Agriculture have in promoting the development of potato industry?

Yu Xinrong:Now our country has entered the decisive stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way, which is reflected in all aspects, one of which is the upgrading of consumption structure, not only eating well, but also eating healthily. Potatoes are recognized as a staple food in the world, but for many reasons, we didn’t really realize this in the past. In the past two years, through various publicity, this cognition has been more and more accepted by the society, and encouraging achievements have been made in the development of potato industry. Potato staple products have entered the market and entered thousands of households.

I would like to quote a figure here. Every day in Beijing alone, there are more than 600 supermarkets selling staple food products such as potato steamed bread and noodles. Farmers who grow potatoes can also feel that the prices in these two years are good. Now more and more consumers realize that potato is a healthy food, and it has entered the stage of comprehensive utilization of staple food and non-staple food from the past. Now the central government is also increasing its support, and governments at all levels also regard it as the focus of structural adjustment.

The agricultural sector will further improve the situation and guide consumption with nutrition, which is produced in consumer guide. First, speed up technological innovation. Further screen out a number of new varieties with high quality, high yield, stress resistance, excellent comprehensive characteristics and suitable for staple food processing, and develop the formula and technology of potato steamed bread, noodles and products with different regional characteristics. The second is to promote industrial development. Continue to do a good job in the pilot development of potato staple food, reduce the cost of potato planting and staple food processing, improve product quality and meet the needs of consumers. The third is to strengthen publicity and guidance. Make full use of TV, radio, internet and other media, vigorously carry out popular science propaganda, guide healthy consumption, and create a staple food culture in a well-off society.

Corn will not be the "second soybean"

CCTV reporter:In the interview, we noticed that corn has been greatly reduced this year, and it was originally planned to reduce by 10 million mu, which is expected to exceed this area this year, and the import of corn and its substitutes is increasing, so some people are worried that corn will become the "second soybean".

Zeng Yande:At present, there is a staged oversupply of corn, which is caused by many factors. Basically, there are two things: first, the domestic supply has increased. In the past 12 years, the area of corn has increased by 210 million mu, exceeding the increase of grain area in the same period. The output increased by 217.5 billion Jin, accounting for 57% of the grain increase in the same period. Second, the import of corn and substitutes increased. As we all know, affected by the price difference at home and abroad, the import of corn and its substitutes has gradually increased in recent years. Last year, we imported more than 4.7 million tons of corn, up 82% year-on-year. At the same time, sorghum, barley and other substitute varieties are imported more. Last year, 10.7 million tons of sorghum and 10.73 million tons of barley were imported, up by 85% and 98% respectively. In addition, some cassava and corn distiller’s grains were imported, and the increase of corn production and foreign imports "met", resulting in a large increase in inventory.

Will corn become the "second soybean"? From two aspects, in the short term, there is not less corn, but more corn, so we should take the initiative to reduce corn and reduce the inventory pressure. In the long run, corn, as energy feed and processing raw materials, is a variety with increasing demand and should develop steadily.

We believe that corn will not become the "second soybean", mainly based on the following judgments: First, as an important grain variety, corn should be protected. The central government clearly put forward the national food security strategy under the new situation, and also clearly put forward the strategic bottom line of "ensuring the basic self-sufficiency of grain and the absolute safety of rations". This shows that wheat, rice and other grain varieties must be guaranteed, and corn, as an important grain variety and energy feed, should also maintain a stable self-sufficiency level, which is strategically determined. Although the current supply of corn exceeds demand in stages and needs to be reduced appropriately, there will be many policy measures to maintain the stable development of corn production if there is a sharp decline in corn production and once the national food security is endangered.

Second, the current reduction is in a non-dominant area with limited impact. Just now, Minister Yu said that our current round of adjustment is to appropriately reduce the cold and cool areas in the northeast, the farming-pastoral ecotone in the north, the arid areas in the northwest and the rocky desertification areas in the southwest while consolidating the dominant production areas. We call this area the non-dominant production areas in the "sickle bend" area, and the impact of reduction in this area on food security is limited.

Third, there are trade control measures, which can play a role. According to the WTO commitment, we have no quota restrictions on soybean imports, and implement a single tariff management, with an import tariff of 3%. The corn is subject to quota management, with a total quota of 7.2 million tons, and the tariff within the quota is 1% and the tariff outside the quota is 65%. In recent years, the actual annual import of corn in China is within the quota, mainly because the import of substitute products has increased a lot. In addition, we should see that the world soybean trade volume is 117 million tons, which is higher than China’s soybean consumption, and the import supply is sufficient; The world corn trade volume is only about 120 million tons, accounting for only about 60% of China’s corn consumption. We often say that if the price of oil rises above a certain level, a considerable part of corn will be converted into fuel ethanol, and the supply of corn will be reduced. Therefore, it is unrealistic to import in large quantities.

We should also see that during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the state carried out large-scale construction of high-standard farmland, and proposed to ensure the construction of 800 million mu, and strive to build 1 billion mu of high-standard farmland that is concentrated and contiguous, stable and high-yield, and eco-friendly, so as to realize "storing grain in the ground". It can be said that we are confident in ensuring national food security, and it is possible to secure Chinese’s rice bowl.

Let our aquatic products be raised, sold and eaten.

Economic Daily reporter:Aquatic products are a hard dish on our dining table. With the improvement of our living standards, people are spending more and more on this hard dish, and the quality effect is getting higher and higher. How can we meet people’s increasing consumption demand for aquatic products and ensure the market supply of aquatic products?

Zhao Xingwu:As the saying goes, "No fish, no table". China’s aquatic products took the lead in realizing the market-oriented reform. In the past 30 years, the fishery has maintained rapid development, which has already solved the problem of eating fish. In 2015, the total amount of aquatic products in China reached 66.9 million tons, and the per capita possession of aquatic products was 48.65 kilograms, providing one third of high-quality protein for urban and rural residents. As we all know, at present, the supply of aquatic products market is sufficient, and the supply of traditional aquatic products such as the four major fish is excessive, and some even have serious pressure on ponds. Fisheries have entered a new normal of difficulty in selling fish, facing new problems of product structure optimization and consumption level upgrading. We are vigorously promoting the transformation and upgrading of fisheries, constantly optimizing the production structure of aquatic products by changing modes and adjusting structures, and constantly meeting the needs of the rapid upgrading of residents’ consumption structure. In short, it is to raise, sell and eat.

To raise them is to take the market demand as the guide, promote the optimization of breeding structure, encourage fishermen to raise more ecological fish and marketable fish, increase the production of high-quality and safe aquatic products, reduce the surplus staple goods varieties, reduce the ineffective supply, and let high-quality fish, shrimps, crabs and shellfish enter people’s homes and become home-cooked dishes. To sell is to intensify market development, strengthen brand creation, build a number of regional and national famous brands, encourage the innovation of aquatic products circulation channels, support the construction of cold chain logistics system for aquatic products credit, develop e-commerce and online sales with the help of the Internet, and promote high-quality aquatic products to enter supermarkets, communities, schools, enterprises, barracks and families. Eating it means supporting the development of aquatic product processing, strengthening the research on convenient and quick aquatic product processing, promoting primary processing, intensive processing, comprehensive utilization and coordinated development, making eating fish more convenient, easier, more time-saving, more convenient and more fashionable, and promoting the revolution of eating fish. To sum up, it is to raise fish, sell fish, eat fish, eat to promote nutrition, sell to help raise, add to help eat, and protect food.

In a word, it is to promote the structural reform of fishery supply side, push fishery to extend to the high end of industrial chain and price chain, produce more aquatic products with high quality and low price, and let the people eat green, safe and safe aquatic products.

The Market Rule and the Survival Logic of Beijing Times’ Reform and Adjustment

　　Every time the paper media is shut down, it will always cause a hot discussion on the Internet. Recently, the online newspaper Jinghua Times has to be shut down and turned around, which has triggered various discussions. Some people think that this is the decline of "paper media", some people think that this is the result of the outdated production method of paper media content, and some people think that this is the embodiment of the newspaper industry’s dilemma. After the tide of newspaper restructuring, some newspapers are full-time or balance allocation institutions, and some newspapers are self-financing enterprises; The business models of various newspapers are not the same, and the reasons behind every newspaper reform and adjustment are diversified. It is inevitable to talk about the future of a media form from a case. Jinghua Times is a popular newspaper with readers and enjoys a good reputation in the field of national metropolis newspapers, but in recent years, it has also been plagued by the loss of readers and the decline of business. Judging from the market-oriented reform process of China newspaper industry, the reform and adjustment of Jinghua Times in the highly competitive Beijing Metropolis Daily market is not an unexpected thing, but a normal phenomenon under the laws of the media market and a reasonable phenomenon in the process of newspaper structure adjustment.

　　First, the adjustment of the industry structure of metropolis daily under the market law

　　Jinghua Times was founded in 2001, which was the golden age of metropolis daily. The Beijing News was founded in 2003; The two newspapers quickly occupied a place in the highly competitive Beijing Metropolis Daily market. At that time, most of the first-and second-tier cities in China set off a wave of establishing metropolitan newspapers, and many other types of newspapers also adjusted their positioning and transformed into metropolitan newspapers. The market competition of metropolitan newspapers in various places became increasingly fierce, and at the same time, a large number of elites in newspaper management emerged. Profitable metropolis daily has become the darling of media industries all over the world. Apart from meeting the information needs of the masses, it is also a major task for metropolis daily to make profits and transfuse blood for its newspaper group. More and more urban newspaper markets have entered a state of excessive competition, and it is very common for provincial newspapers and prefecture-level newspapers to compete in the same city.

　　In the past ten years, the most important rule is the market rule around the adjustment of the industry structure of metropolis daily. If there is a lack of metropolitan newspapers in a certain area and the market demand is large, then other types of newspapers will be transformed into metropolitan newspapers; If the metropolitan newspapers in a certain area compete excessively, then some newspapers that are not suitable for competition will withdraw from the market.

　　Beijing is an over-competitive market for urban newspapers. Today, we can see the Beijing News, Beijing Youth Daily, Beijing Evening News, Beijing Morning News and Legal Evening News. For more than ten years, there have been many metropolis newspapers coming in and out. Beijing daily messenger was renamed from Drama Film Newspaper in 2000, and once played an important role in the market of Beijing Metropolis Daily. In 2007, it abandoned its position as a metropolis newspaper and transformed into a subway newspaper. "Jingbao" was founded in 2004 and closed in 2014. At the beginning of its establishment, it also tried to participate in the market competition of metropolis daily. Huaxia Times changed its name from China Materials Newspaper in 2001, and was originally a metropolis newspaper. In 2007, it was transformed into a financial newspaper. "Labor Lunch" also worked as a metropolis daily. In 2009, it gave up its position as a metropolis daily and returned to be the organ newspaper of Beijing Federation of Trade Unions. Today, it is not surprising if Jinghua Times is faced with reform and adjustment.

　　Second, the integration of newspaper products under the logic of enterprise management

　　Jinghua Times was under the People’s Daily from 2001 to 2011. In 2011, it was transferred to the director of the Propaganda Department of Beijing Municipal Committee. The Beijing News was jointly sponsored by Guangming Daily and Nanfang Daily in 2003, and was headed by Guangming Daily Group. In 2011, it was transferred to the director of the Propaganda Department of Beijing Municipal Committee. The assets related to the two newspapers are funded by the Beijing State-owned Cultural Assets Supervision and Administration Office (hereinafter referred to as the Cultural Assets Office).

　　The change of the organizers and investors in charge of Jinghua Times and Beijing News has changed the main pattern of operators in Beijing Metropolis Daily market. Beijing Evening News and Beijing Morning Post, affiliated to Beijing Daily, sponsored by the Propaganda Department of Beijing Municipal Committee, and Jinghua Times and Beijing News, sponsored by Beijing Municipal Committee, are all metropolis newspapers. In a highly competitive market, just like the integration of Youku and Tudou, and the integration of Kuaidi and Didi, it is a rational decision to integrate competing enterprises or institutions under the same investor. The specific reform plan of Jinghua Times has not been disclosed, and the online information said that it would merge with Beijing Morning Post, which just avoided the competition of two urban newspapers with similar content structure under the same investor.

　　Third, the survival logic of newspapers determined by technical, market and institutional factors

　　Technical factors, market factors and institutional factors are the basic factors that affect the pattern of media market and the evolution of media form. Technical factors promote the emergence of a media form, while market factors and institutional factors provide economic sources and regulatory framework for it. Newspapers are also based on certain media technology, and they are born in response to market demand and political demand; Within the regulatory framework provided by the system, it obtains operating income from the market or financial assistance from other stakeholders (such as the government, political parties, enterprises or various social organizations) to maintain its economic operation.

　　Technical factors lead to the change of media form and change the situation of media business model. After the emergence of the Internet based on new communication technology, the media contact time of the audience gradually tilted towards the Internet, and the contact time of traditional media was generally squeezed. After the popularity of mobile Internet, the media contact space of the audience has also undergone profound changes. The audience can receive news and other content information through the mobile Internet anytime and anywhere, and the original portable reading advantage of newspapers is no longer available. The contact time and space of newspapers have been compressed, and the audience group has shrunk. The business model of metropolis daily, which mainly relies on large-scale distribution and obtains market advertising income, has been the first to bear the negative impact. The current media market environment is difficult to support a large number of metropolitan newspapers that operate according to the traditional model.

　　From the narrow sense of paper newspapers, as long as the market demand for paper media reading still exists, the living space of newspapers based on these market demands still exists. The problem is only which newspapers should adjust their business models and which newspapers should withdraw from the market. At the same time, the living space of newspapers based on political needs will undoubtedly continue to exist for a long time. From the perspective of paper media operators in a broad sense, whether to continue publishing paper products is a product decision-making problem based on cost accounting and enterprise strategy; Whether providing paper products or digital products, specialized content production that can meet people’s information needs can always get market returns.

　　Four, and "shut down and turn" related to the reform of the newspaper system

　　It is normal for all industries in modern society to "shut down and turn around" in areas with insufficient market competitiveness and overcapacity, not because the newspaper industry is an industry with ideological particularity. At the institutional level, the institutional construction related to the newspaper industry’s "shutting down and turning around" has already been paved.

　　In my impression, there was a similar discussion about the newspaper’s "shutting down and turning" earlier. One was the indiscriminate control of newspapers in 2004, and the other was the closure and liquidation of China News in 2009. When the former happened, the relevant system was not perfect enough, and the relevant industry discussions were all aimed at the indiscriminate distribution of newspapers and periodicals, but there was no more discussion on the system of shutting down newspapers and periodicals itself. When the latter happened, the representative view at that time was that it was a sign of the progress of newspaper reform and market operation in China. If the organizer in charge thinks that the newspaper is difficult to operate, it is a reasonable decision to take the initiative to apply to stop publishing and reduce the financial burden.

　　Compared with the emerging Internet information industry, the operation system, mechanism, organization and management of the press and publication industry are relatively backward. In the new media market environment, the living space of traditional press and publication institutions is reduced, but the number of press and publication institutions under the traditional institution system is difficult to reduce. Therefore, government departments have long embarked on a series of reforms to make institutional arrangements for the market withdrawal of press and publication institutions.

　　The important institutional preparation for the newspaper’s "shutdown and transfer" is the reform of the newspaper withdrawal system and the transformation of news publishing units into enterprises about ten years ago. In 2005, it was mentioned in the Regulations on the Administration of Newspaper Publishing and the Regulations on the Administration of Periodical Publishing issued by the then General Administration of Press and Publication that "the planning of the total amount, structure and layout of newspaper publishing in China should be formulated and implemented, and the supervision and management systems such as the comprehensive evaluation system of newspaper publishing quality, the annual verification system of newspapers and periodicals and the exit mechanism of newspapers and periodicals should be established and improved". In 2008, the pilot work of newspaper withdrawal began, and in 2011, the quality evaluation of newspaper publishing began and the work of newspaper withdrawal was gradually promoted. Almost at the same time, the press and publication units were transformed into enterprises, and the press and publication units that met the conditions for restructuring were transformed into enterprises with their own hematopoietic capacity. The reform of the exit mechanism of newspapers and periodicals and the transformation of news publishing units into enterprises are aimed at the new media market environment. On the one hand, they promote the business integration and upgrading of traditional news publishing institutions and improve their market viability. On the other hand, they learn from the experience and lessons of state-owned enterprise reform and properly coordinate the issues of asset liquidation and personnel placement in the reform process.

　　tag

　　Under the joint action of technology, market and system, the evolution of media form is a natural trend; As long as the market demand of a certain media form still exists, this media form will have room to survive, but the relevant media organizations must adjust their business model or business structure according to the changes in the market environment. In the media environment of China, institutional factors will continue to provide survival guarantee for some newspapers, and at the same time provide institutional preparation for individual newspapers to withdraw from the market. In the future, news that individual newspaper products have withdrawn from the market or made business adjustments will continue to appear, which is a normal phenomenon under market rules; There is still room for survival and development for all kinds of market entities engaged in the production of professional content, including newspaper operators. (Associate Professor Han Xiaoning, School of Journalism, Renmin University of China)

The list of top 100 Henan enterprises in 2023 is coming.

　　On October 27th, "2023 Top 100 Henan Enterprises Summit" was held in Kaifeng. The list of "Top 100 Henan Enterprises", "Top 100 Henan Manufacturing Enterprises" and "Top 100 Henan Service Enterprises Development Report 2023" were released simultaneously.

　　The reporter learned from the scene that wan chau international Co., Ltd., Luoyang Luanchuan Molybdenum Group Co., Ltd., China Pingmei Shenma Energy and Chemical Group Co., Ltd., China Construction Seventh Engineering Bureau Co., Ltd. and Mu Yuan Industry Group Co., Ltd. ranked among the top five in the list of top 100 Henan enterprises in 2023.

　　As the barometer of Henan’s economic operation and the vane of transformation and development, the top 100 enterprises released this time have made remarkable progress in becoming stronger, better and bigger, showing many new highlights.

　　Total revenue continued to grow.

　　Total assets exceeded 5 trillion yuan.

　　This year, on the basis of voluntary declaration by enterprises, Henan Enterprise Federation released the list of top 100 enterprises in Henan for the 18th consecutive year, and the list of top 100 manufacturing enterprises and top 100 service enterprises in Henan for the 3rd consecutive year, according to the internationally accepted mode and taking the business income of enterprises as the shortlist standard.

　　"Revitalizing Henan, big enterprises take the lead", and the "big" of enterprises is not only large in size, but also represents the characteristics of better development foundation, superior resource factors and stronger core competitiveness of enterprises.

　　The total operating income continued to grow. In 2023, the total operating income of the top 100 Henan enterprises continued to grow.The total operating income was 2,716.675 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 7.42%.. Taking the total GDP of the province as a reference, it is equivalent to 44.29% of the total GDP of the province in 2022, which is 6,134.505 billion yuan, an increase of 1.35 percentage points over the previous year, showing that the contribution of the top 100 enterprises to economic and social development is constantly improving.

　　Total assets exceeded the 5 trillion yuan mark.In 2023, the total assets of the top 100 Henan enterprises reached 5,816.927 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 29.87%., showing a rapid growth trend. There are 20 companies with total assets exceeding 50 billion yuan, an increase of 2 over the previous year, of which 12 companies have total assets exceeding 100 billion yuan, which is the same as that of the previous year. The total assets of some enterprises have increased rapidly, and the total assets of 17 companies have increased by more than 30%.

　　The entry threshold continues to rise, and the role of the tens of billions of enterprise groups is highlighted. 38 billion-level enterprises achieved operating income of 1,393.362 billion yuan, accounting for 82.84% of the total revenue, an increase of 2.78 percentage points over the previous year. There are 38 10 billion enterprises and 3 100 billion enterprises, indicating that the operating income of Henan manufacturing enterprises continues to be concentrated in larger enterprises.

　　The quality of "going out" of manufacturing industry has been continuously improved.

　　41 companies’ overseas revenue exceeded 300 billion yuan.

　　Manufacturing is the foundation of the real economy, the lifeline of the national economy, the foundation of the country and the foundation of a strong country. Our province has always taken the high-quality development of manufacturing industry as the main direction, taking new steps, achieving new achievements and achieving new leaps.

　　In 2023, 41 of the top 100 manufacturing enterprises in Henan have overseas income, an increase of 6 over the previous year. 41 enterprises achieved a total overseas operating income of 301.854 billion yuan, an increase of 8.87% year-on-year; Twenty enterprises have overseas assets, an increase of two over the previous year, and the total scale of overseas assets reached 272.248 billion yuan, an increase of 18.71%. The quality of "going out" of manufacturing industry in our province has been continuously improved.

　　The efficiency of capital operation continued to improve. In 2023, the average asset-liability ratio of the top 100 manufacturing enterprises in Henan was 59.15%, down 2.82 percentage points from the previous year, down 2.30 percentage points from the top 100 manufacturing enterprises in 2021, and lower than 60% for the first time in the past three years, indicating that the debt structure of the shortlisted enterprises was improved, the liquidity of funds was enhanced, the profitability was improved, and the debt risk was under control.

　　In addition, in 2023, the average asset preservation and appreciation rate of the top 100 manufacturing enterprises in Henan was 113.48%, an increase of 6.71 percentage points over the previous year, indicating that the asset preservation and appreciation level of the short-listed enterprises increased steadily.

　　The scale of service industry grew steadily.

　　Fight new business into new growth point

　　In today’s world, the more developed the service economy, the higher the labor efficiency, and the more stable and faster the economic development. According to the "Implementation Plan for Accelerating the Development of Modern Service Industry in Henan Province", the top 100 enterprises in the service industry in 2023 focused on the structural reform of the supply side of the service industry and made efforts to achieve breakthroughs and leaps in key areas such as industrial integration and innovation drive. At present, the service industry has become the main driving force of economic development in our province.

　　The scale of service enterprises grew steadily. In 2023, the top 100 service enterprises in Henan achieved an operating income of 682.107 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 24.1%; The total assets were 3,797.358 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 52.88%; There are 20 enterprises exceeding 10 billion yuan, an increase of 4 over the previous year, and the total operating income of 20 enterprises is 551.001 billion yuan, accounting for 80.78% of the total operating income of the top 100 enterprises. Among the sub-sectors, wholesale and retail, leasing and business services, and finance are in the forefront.

　　The scale of assets has increased substantially.In 2023, the total assets of the top 100 service enterprises in Henan were 3,797.358 billion yuan, an increase of 1,313.449 billion yuan or 52.88% over the previous year’s 2,483.909 billion yuan.Due to the merger or reorganization of some enterprises, the total assets of the top 100 service industries have increased significantly.

　　The innovation effect of service enterprises is remarkable. In 2023, the top 100 service enterprises in Henan Province owned a total of 5,748 patents, an increase of 1,820 over the previous year, with an increase of 46.33%. Among them, the number of invention patents was 1320, an increase of 643 over the previous year, with an increase of 94.98%; Invention patents accounted for 22.96% of all patents, up 5.72 percentage points year-on-year. The growth rate of invention patents is much higher than that of all patents, indicating that more and more service enterprises pay more attention to the development and protection of independent intellectual property rights.

　　Zhanxin business has become a new growth point of service industry. In 2023, the total operating income of the top 100 service enterprises in Henan Province was 63.94 billion yuan, an increase of 84.84% year-on-year; The total assets of Zhanxin business were 78.938 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 68.01%; The total profit of Zhanxin was 2.524 billion yuan, up 18.39% year-on-year; The total number of employees in Zhanxin business was 26,800, a year-on-year increase of 168%. Zhanxin business has shown a rapid development momentum and has become a new growth point of service industry.

　　The deep-seated contradictions in the development of large enterprises still exist.

　　According to the analysis of the Development Report of Top 100 Enterprises in Henan Province in 2023, at present, the competition and development pattern of enterprises is facing profound adjustment due to factors such as the comprehensive upgrade of Sino-US competition and external emergencies, and it also provides new opportunities for the high-end, intelligent and green transformation and upgrading of enterprises in our province, which will promote the coordinated innovation and development of the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain and realize overtaking in corners. However, we should be soberly aware that the deep-seated contradictions and problems that have long plagued the development of large enterprises in our province, such as low development quality, weak innovation ability, weak anti-risk ability and insufficient development stamina, still exist.

　　The report also mentioned that large enterprises in Henan Province should not only face up to their own gap, but also seize the strategic opportunity to build a new development pattern, strive for the first place in raising the benchmark, create a new bureau in pressing ahead, strive for progress steadily, and unswervingly implement the innovation-driven development strategy, accelerate the progress to the high end of the global industrial chain and value chain, and build a world-class enterprise.

　　In his speech, Liang Tieshan, president of Henan Enterprise Association, said that in recent years, in the face of the complicated domestic and international economic situation, the big enterprises in our province, represented by the top 100 enterprises, insisted on resonating with the national strategy at the same frequency and moving in the same direction with the development of the times, and became an important force to support and promote the practice of Chinese modernization in Henan.

　　"Under the new situation, large enterprises in our province should make new and greater achievements, pay attention to chain group building, cultivate independent innovation ability, break through path dependence, enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of enterprises, and actively build a modern industrial system that reflects Henan’s characteristics and advantages."

　　In addition, the signing ceremony of major projects in Kaifeng was held at this meeting. Kaifeng enterprises and the top 100 short-listed enterprises have achieved close docking of project resources, and signed 23 major projects with a contracted amount of 31.5 billion yuan. Another 121 enterprises and the top 100 enterprises have initially reached the intention of industrial, production and marketing cooperation.

　　Attached to the top 100 list:

The latest release of WHO! Seven kinds of cancer-causing bombs are hidden on the dining table in Chinese!

April 15th to 21st this year is the National Cancer Prevention and Control Publicity Week, and the theme of this publicity week is "Lighting the Road to Anti-cancer and Helping Healthy China".

In order to respond to National Health Commission’s call and contribute to "Healthy China 2030", Qianxianjun specially started with our daily diet, combined with the list of carcinogens published by IARC (the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization), and took stock of the carcinogenic diets lurking around us to prevent the slow progress and protect our health.

In 2012, a film "China on the Tip of the Tongue" was born. Focusing on Chinese’s beautiful pursuit of food and life, the documentary connected the stories of people and told the food ecology in various parts of China. Fry, stir-fry, stir-fry, stir-fry, cook and stew. Chinese skillfully uses various cooking methods to process and cook ordinary ingredients into delicious food.

From Korean kimchi by the Hulan River in Heilongjiang, to Nuodeng ham in the deep mountains of Dali, Yunnan, from the steaming Lamian Noodles in Lanzhou in the morning, to the flexible rice cakes in Ningbo during the New Year, the four sides eat things, but a bowl of fireworks. The food in my hometown domesticates our taste buds and becomes the homesickness that haunts wanderers.

Source: Douban "China on the Tip of the Tongue" entry

But today, we are not going to introduce local cuisines, but to cool down everyone’s enthusiasm for food (cold-hearted). Taking the common foods in life as an example, we will take stock of the cancer-causing diets lurking around us, hoping to satisfy our appetite while taking care of our health.

01 bacon, salted fish and other processed meat

"In Hunan in the mainland, in August of the lunar calendar, the flowers in the rice fields are blooming, and it is time for the Miao people to make pickled fish and bacon. Xiangxi is rich in wood, and hardwood is the best fuel for smoked bacon, such as tea tree and bayberry tree. When smoking and roasting, the cured meat should be hung on the fire pit for heating and cooking, and pine cones, tea shells and orange peels should be put into the fire pit continuously, so that the smoked bacon will have the fragrance of tea fruits. For the simple Miao family, salted fish and bacon is not only a kind of food, but also a life and memory preserved in the years, which will never be forgotten.

In today’s Huangshan area, ham and bacon are still drying in the backyard of farmers, which is full of pastoral atmosphere. The "knife board incense" made of salted bacon is a main course for hospitality and one of the representative works of Huizhou cuisine. In Master Ye’s view, the peasant ham in my hometown is the most delicious ham in the world. Of course, he must know that in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, not far from ancient Huizhou, a famous ham is also produced … "

Source: China on the Tip of the Tongue

Which southern family doesn’t have their own preserved sausage and bacon in their new year’s goods? In the cold winter, a pot of fragrant wormwood fried sausage is served, which is liked by adults and children.

However, although sausages are beautiful, you can’t be greedy!

According to the List of Carcinogens of the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization, processed meat belongs to Class 1 carcinogen. People who eat more than one or two (that is, 50g) of processed meat every day will increase the incidence of colorectal cancer by 10%~20%. This is because processed meat contains a lot of nitrite, which is highly carcinogenic. Whether it is sausage cured with salt and spices, ham smoked with charcoal fire, and braised pork, it belongs to processed meat.

Sausage bacon and other creative ideas

From Japan to South Korea, and then to the coastal areas in East China, the incidence of gastric cancer and esophageal cancer is ridiculously high. After a lot of research, scientists found that people in ancient coastal areas mostly made a living by fishing, but in summer, fish that were not eaten in time were easy to rot, so our clever ancestors invented salted fish, which could greatly extend its shelf life by pickling and drying it in the sun, and this custom has been inherited ever since. This is a very common folk processing method in itself, but today it has to be labeled as "unhealthy food".

In the report "Diet, Nutrition and Prevention of Chronic Diseases" issued by the joint expert group of the World Health Organization and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, salted fish is clearly classified as a kind of carcinogen, and it is believed that Chinese salted fish will cause cancer, and eating salted fish often will increase the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

The creativity of salted fish and worms

Because nitrite in salted fish is likely to exceed the standard, and these nitrites may interact with protein in fish to form nitrosamines, a strong carcinogen, which is what we are most worried about.

Many friends will say that our hometown people all eat bacon and salted fish. I haven’t heard of anyone who has cancer. You who do popular science like to scare people. It needs to be emphasized here that the epidemiological investigation of diseases is to explore the correlation between such diseases and some bad habits from the perspective of groups and big data, indicating that this bad habit will increase the probability of suffering from diseases, and correlation is not equal to causality. From an individual perspective, it does not mean that eating bacon and salted fish will definitely lead to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

But for the sake of everyone’s health, we still recommend eating processed meat in low frequency and in small amount, which is safer.

02 pickles

"In the early morning of autumn, the ancient Hulan River flows through Yuan Ye. It originated in Xiaoxing ‘anling and meandered into Songhua River. Jin Shunji grew up by the Hulan River. For her, her hometown is the flavor of kimchi that makes her dream. The cabbage in the vegetable garden is planted by my mother every July when she is prostrate. In order to make kimchi, all varieties with tight hearts and tender leaves are selected.

Today, my daughter learned how to make kimchi with her mother for the first time. There are many kinds of Korean kimchi, and even if it is only one variety, it can present many different flavors: refreshing cold food, delicious cooking, and so on. In the long winter, with the company of crispy and sweet spicy cabbage, it seems that the dull days will become warm, rich and delicious … "

Source: China on the Tip of the Tongue

When it comes to nitrite, you have to say kimchi. The appetizing and refreshing kimchi is the national food of Korean people, and it often appears on the table of our country as a small meal, but it also has the risk of cancer. During fermentation, nitrate in vegetables will be greatly reduced, resulting in a large amount of nitrite, which is known to be highly carcinogenic.

Pickled vegetables, worms and creativity

However, there is a trick to eat kimchi, which can reduce the harm of nitrite.

On the fifth to seventh day of pickling, the nitrite content generally rises to the peak, which happens to be the best state of kimchi taste. So many friends will take out kimchi and eat it at this time, which is very incorrect.

If you can wait patiently for a few more days, the content of nitrite will gradually decrease after pickling kimchi for more than 9 days, and it will almost decrease to the national standard value after about 15 days. Therefore, it is usually recommended that kimchi be eaten after 15 days in the jar.

In addition, some people will choose to make a lot of kimchi at a time and eat it while soaking. In this process, kimchi may be polluted to varying degrees, which increases the possibility of bacterial growth. Therefore, it is recommended to eat enough kimchi. The incidence of gastric cancer in Korea ranks first in the world, which is inseparable from the craze for kimchi.

03 leftovers

All the elderly people in the family know that they are used to saving all their lives, mending (broken clothes), leaving (hot meals) and cutting (broken food). It is a virtue to mend clothes when they are broken, but it is not good for your health to eat the leftover food when it is broken. Let’s talk about leftovers, especially leftovers, which is the home of nitrite.

When the leftovers are left at room temperature for 6 hours or refrigerated for 24 hours, microorganisms may gradually start to breed, transforming the nitrate contained in the leftovers into toxic nitrite. If these foods are ingested by the human body for a long time, it will greatly increase the occurrence of tumors such as gastric cancer and esophageal cancer. However, meat food contains less nitrate, and meat dishes can be preserved for 1 ~ 2 days under the condition of refrigeration or frozen preservation.

From this, we can draw a conclusion that leftovers need to be eaten within 24 hours, and leftovers can be eaten within 48 hours. Many office workers worry that take-out is unsanitary and will bring their own meals. This is a good habit, but it is necessary to remember that lunch on the first day should be eaten at noon the next day at the latest, and it is best not to put it in the evening.

Creativity of refrigerator worm

In summary, we can see that processed meat, pickles and leftovers are inseparable from limited storage conditions and economic conditions.

According to statistics, the incidence of gastric cancer has been continuously decreasing in recent 30 years, whether in Europe, America or China, and the incidence in urban areas is much lower than that in rural areas. The reason is that the economy has developed rapidly and people’s living standards have been significantly improved, which has led to the widespread use of refrigerators, prolonged the shelf life of food and freed us from dependence on pickled food (processed meat and kimchi). From here, we can also see how important it is for health to eat fresh vegetables and meat.

04 moldy food

As we mentioned earlier, the old people are used to "cutting bad food", but even if the bad parts are cut off or thrown away, the toxins produced by mildew have already spread to the rest, and when they are eaten in their stomachs, they will have abdominal pain and diarrhea, and even cause disease and cancer. One of the most frightening toxins is aflatoxin.

Aflatoxin, also known as "arsenic", is the most toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin found so far. The toxicity of aflatoxin B1 is 10 times that of potassium cyanide, 68 times that of arsenic and 75 times that of standard carcinogen dimethyl nitramine. The incidence of most cancers is related to the intake of this toxin.

The idea of moldy orange worm

It is reported that the physical and chemical properties of aflatoxin are quite stable, which can not be destroyed by general cooking, even if it is sterilized at 100℃ for 20 hours, it may not be completely removed. And it can not be degraded in human body, and can only be deposited in liver cells. When aflatoxin deposition exceeds human tolerance, it will cause liver damage and induce liver cancer.

Aflatoxin mainly comes from contaminated grain and its products, such as peanuts, peanut oil, corn, corn oil and dried fruits such as melon seeds and walnuts.

If the grain becomes discolored or deteriorated, especially with yellow-green mold, don’t eat it. If you eat bitter melon seeds, almonds and other nuts, you must spit them out in time and gargle. Because the bitter taste of nuts such as melon seeds comes from aflatoxin produced in the process of mildew. If the edible oil has a "spicy taste", it is because aflatoxin is produced after the oil is oxidized and rancid. Here, it is suggested to throw away the bad edible oil quickly, remember to buy small packaged food and consume it quickly.

What if the old people at home protest? Then let’s figure it out with him, whether we should care about toxic and spoiled food or the health of our family.

05 barbecue

"At eight or nine o’clock in the evening, the sun has not set, and the nightlife in Urumqi needs to wait. Many people have gathered at Sulaiman Barbecue Restaurant, and while waiting for the roast of lamb intestines, the heart will beat more than usual.

With the high temperature roasting, the natural fat on the sausage melts and smells fragrant, and the corn flour absorbs the oil, which is fried into a slight corn flavor, and it is integrated with the mutton. The baked surface of the sausage is brown, just sprinkle with cumin, pepper and salt. The last thing that comes out is the capsule that really provides carbohydrate. The bag should also be sprinkled with seasoning and buckled on the barbecue to heat and rub the taste. In this way, a vitality package that fascinates Xinjiang people is successful … "

Source: "A String of Life"

Finally, when it comes to barbecue, don’t you like barbecue when you are reading this article? Summer night, friends, barbecue beer, if coupled with a wonderful World Cup live broadcast, wouldn’t it be beautiful? It is precisely because everyone loves to eat, and the frequency is relatively high, so the health problems about barbecue need our attention.

Barbecue Tuchong creativity

During barbecue, due to the high baking temperature, the fat, cholesterol and other components in food may be pyrolyzed or thermally polymerized at high temperature to form benzopyrene. Especially in the burnt part, the amount of benzopyrene will increase significantly.

Benzopyrene is a strong carcinogen, which can cause lung cancer, gastric cancer, bladder cancer and digestive tract cancer. Benzopyrene is also teratogenic and mutagenic, which can affect offspring through the mother’s placenta, thus causing embryo malformation or death and the decline of immune function of offspring.

Are you surprised to see this? The delicious kebab is actually a smiling tiger hiding a knife. Seeing that summer is coming again, shall we still eat this string? In fact, if handled properly, the harm of barbecue can be greatly reduced.

Someone once did an experiment with roasted sausage. When he roasted it for the first time, the fire was in direct contact with the sausage, which led to the sausage being directly burnt in the final product, and the benzopyrene content was 10.7ug/kg. However, when he changed the barbecue method and separated the sausage from the fire by 5cm, the sausage was not only delicious, but also the benzopyrene content was only 0.67ug/kg. When the scientist further changed the way, Accordingly, it also brings us some inspiration to eat barbecue healthily:

Master the temperature, and the food is not in direct contact with the flame;

Cut small pieces, turn over frequently, and don’t eat the burnt part;

Replace charcoal fire with electricity or gas;

Wrap food in tin foil before baking;

Eat barbecue in small quantities and at low frequency.

Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori is not a food, but it is closely related to our diet. Especially in China, the system of separate meals has not been popularized, and it is easy for people at a table to pinch chopsticks in several dishes, so the infection of Helicobacter pylori in China is often familial.

In addition, kissing and sneezing can cause the infection of Helicobacter pylori. According to the epidemiological survey of Helicobacter pylori group of Chinese Medical Association, the infection rate of Helicobacter pylori in China is 59%, which means that one in every two people is infected.

The creativity of gathering dinner and eating worms

However, there is no need to panic, because clinically, nearly 90% of infected people have no symptoms all their lives, and Helicobacter pylori is quietly not a demon in their bodies. However, for a small number of patients, after Helicobacter pylori multiplies in the stomach, it may damage the gastric mucosa and cause gastritis or peptic ulcer. If not treated, some patients will suffer from gastric cancer. In 1994, Helicobacter pylori was listed as a carcinogen by the World Health Organization and the International Institute for Cancer Research, and it was considered that 78% of gastric cancer could be attributed to chronic Helicobacter pylori infection.

Nowadays, with the increasing popularity of people’s knowledge of Helicobacter pylori, C13 or C14 breath test has also been included in the routine physical examination items. For ordinary people, it is no longer a problem to do a good job of dividing meals, protecting gastric mucosa and regular physical examination in life.

07 alcohol

The story of Chinese and wine has a long history. Through archaeological excavations, it has been found that there is wine in Shang bronzes three or four thousand years ago. Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, was both a poet and Brewmaster. The wine culture has been extended to this day, and the wine table culture of not getting drunk and not returning has also been born. All kinds of wine merchants are more accurate in positioning and hot in marketing. There are "Haidahei" wine, which focuses on young people and is known as "young people’s label", red wine, which focuses on women and claims to be a beauty before going to bed, and xx medicinal wine, which focuses on middle-aged and elderly men and claims to prolong life. However, regardless of the advertisements of major wine shops, the World Health Organization uses severe and cold research data to hit the face: Don’t drink! Carcinogenic!

Drinks, worms and creativity

Studies have shown that 5.5% of cancers and 5.8% of cancer deaths in the world are caused by alcohol, which means that one out of every 18 cancers is drunk. Nearly 800,000 cancer patients worldwide are caused by drinking every year!

In fact, alcohol itself is not a carcinogen. The real danger is its metabolite in the body: acetaldehyde. After alcohol (ethanol) enters the body, it is metabolized to acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase, and then to acetic acid by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, which is excluded from the body. Both ethanol and acetic acid are relatively safe, but acetaldehyde in the middle is a definite carcinogen, because it can directly bind DNA and induce gene mutation. The World Health Organization lists acetaldehyde as a first-class carcinogen!

Metabolic process of alcohol in the body

Drinking alcohol is directly related to breast cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer. Of course, the types of cancer that are most closely related to alcohol come from the tissues that will be in direct contact with drinking: oral cancer, laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer and so on. The latest data from the United States shows that 41% of oral cancer and 21% of esophageal cancer are related to drinking.

Moreover, most East Asians carry mutated acetaldehyde dehydrogenase gene, which makes it impossible to effectively degrade acetaldehyde. Drinking alcohol in Chinese is more likely to cause cancer! The most dangerous thing is to drink a lot of alcohol for a long time. The amount of alcohol is positively correlated with the risk of cancer. The more you drink, the longer you drink, the higher the probability of cancer.

How much wine is safe if people have to drink two drinks at dinner? The official recommended amount in the United States is: no more than one serving of alcohol per day for women and no more than two for men. One serving of alcohol is about 18ml(14g). The alcohol content in different wines is different. In conversion, beer is about 350ml, wine is about 150ml, and 50-degree liquor is 35ml.

At this point, the inventory of common carcinogenic diets is over. Let’s summarize the main points of this article:

Processed meats such as bacon and ham are eaten in low frequency and in small quantities;

Kimchi is eaten in low frequency and small amount;

Barbecue is low frequency and eaten in small quantities;

Leftovers need to be eaten within 24 hours;

Don’t eat moldy and rotten food;

Remember to check helicobacter pylori in physical examination;

Don’t drink, don’t drink.

Finally, I will show you the list of carcinogens published by IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization), which should be the most authoritative list of carcinogens in the world, and the carcinogens mentioned in this article are extracted here. National Medical Products Administration also specially compiled and translated all the lists for everyone-click "Read the original" at the end of the article to get there directly. (See "Clinical Frontline" in WeChat official account)

In the list, according to the amount of evidence, carcinogens are divided into four categories:

Class 1: definite carcinogens (120 kinds)

Class 2A: probable carcinogen (81 species)

Category 2B: Possible carcinogens (299 species)

Class 3: No evidence, suspected carcinogen (502 species)

From a scientific point of view, I suggest that you must learn from Category 1. Everything in it is widely verified, and there is evidence related to the human body, which is unanimously recognized by the scientific community.

Class 2A should be understood that the substance in it is usually clear in animal experiments, but the data in human body are insufficient, so there is still controversy about human carcinogenicity.

Class 2B and class 3 evidence are insufficient, and the scientific community is controversial, so there is no need to worry.

The second aunt and the third uncle in the family group often forward "shock! Xx is carcinogenic! " The common routine of the article is to exaggerate the harm of 2B or 3 substances with weak carcinogenic evidence, such as coffee, tea, printing ink, fluorescent lighting and so on. What needs to be reminded here is that correlation is not equal to causality, and many carcinogens need a long time and a large amount of accumulation to cause cancer. In daily life, developing good living habits can keep cancer away.


reference data

1. How to Eat for Cancer Patients: A Prescription for You by Experts from Beijing Cancer Hospital, written by Yang Yue and Wang Xing, Tsinghua University Publishing House.

2. Food documentary "China on the Tip of the Tongue"

3. Food documentary "A String of Life"

4.　 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrite#Toxicity

5. https://monographs.iarc.who.int/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Classifications_by_cancer_site.pdf

6.　 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicobacter_pylori#Cancers

7. List of carcinogens of the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization (official website link of the Food and Drug Administration)

https://www.nmpa.gov.cn/xxgk/mtbd/20171030163101383.html

8. "Barbecue, salted fish, sausage, fried food … Are they really carcinogenic? ",pineapple factor

9. Why is half of the gastric cancer in the world in China? More in rural areas than in cities? ",pineapple factor

10. "2018 first screen paper: endless troubles! Drinking alcohol can directly lead to irreversible mutation of stem cell genes! ",pineapple factor