作者： admin

　　"Hello, I am the official customer service of XXX. Seeing that you have a loan demand recently, we can help you apply for a loan amount of 30,000 yuan to 100,000 yuan. The next payment is fast, the procedures are simple and the interest is very low."

　　This kind of "pie falling from the sky" has made many enterprises and individuals who are short of funds feel like "a long drought meets the rain", not to mention the reliable and formal customer service of large enterprises such as Zhongan Xinye, Jingdong Finance and Gitzo Finance. I think it is the welfare that these large enterprises responded to the call of the state to the people under the epidemic.

　　Therefore, according to the guidance of "customer service", we added WeChat to facilitate the loan business. "Customer Service" sends a link, the user downloads an App, and then fills in the relevant loan information as required, just waiting for the loan to be approved.

　　After a while, the "enthusiastic" "customer service" came to the news again: "Your account number of the receiving bank card is wrong, and the loan funds are frozen. You need to pay a deposit of 6,000 yuan to unfreeze it. Please do it quickly, otherwise you will not only repay the loan, but also report it to the credit bureau."

　　The deposit was paid, but the loan on the promised day never came. What’s even more strange is that the WeChat was sent to the "customer service" and it was blacked out, and the call could not be reached.

　　Obviously, the methods of telecom fraud have been upgraded closely with the hot spots: counterfeiting corporate customer service and using counterfeit apps, online "customer service" communicates with users and takes money from users, which is extremely confusing.

　　Sun Xiaodong, director of the Cyber Crime Investigation Teaching and Research Section of China Criminal Police College, said in an interview with the reporter of Legal Daily recently that consumers should download apps from regular software stores, choose online services on regular platforms, and don’t be tempted by interests to take risks or trade illegally. "If you encounter fraud, you should report it to the police at the first time. Don’t be ashamed to talk about it, and don’t get entangled in the online platform, so as not to delay the opportunity to solve the case."

　　Fraud accounts for nearly 60% of epidemic-related crimes.

　　During the epidemic, criminals who committed telecom fraud were not idle.

　　This can be understood from a set of data released by the Supreme People’s Procuratorate on April 8th: with the convenience and concealment of network communication, the number of fraud cases increased greatly during this epidemic. As of April 7th, the national procuratorial organs approved the arrest of 1,588 cases and 1,675 persons for fraud crimes, and prosecuted 881 cases and 926 persons, accounting for 58.4% and 47.3% of all epidemic-related criminal cases respectively.

　　Why can fraud "squat" on the epidemic? Miao Shengming, director of the First Prosecutor’s Office of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, analyzed that there are many reasons for the high incidence of cases. One of them is that telecommunication network fraud is a crime that can be implemented without contact. Some criminals use the characteristics of online fraud to meet each other, making it easier to win the trust of victims. At the same time, this non-contact form makes criminals’ sense of morality and restraint decline and their luck psychology increase. In addition, the epidemic has made people stay at home and rely more on the Internet. Online shopping, online job hunting, online loans and home-based classes have become a new way of life for some people. Criminals take advantage of people’s inconvenient travel, eagerness to shop, job hunting or trust teachers during the epidemic, and the success rate of fraud is greatly improved.

　　Sun Xiaodong observed that with the outbreak of the epidemic, some physical stores closed down, people chose online services more, and criminals took the opportunity to commit crimes.

　　Xiao Xu who lives in Xiamen was unfortunately recruited. He spent 86 yuan to buy a mobile phone screen on the Internet, waiting left and right, but the courier didn’t come, and the call from the courier "customer service" came. He was told that the parcel was lost because of the staff’s mistake, and the courier company was willing to pay double indemnity 172 yuan.

　　Since the attitude of the courier company is so good, Xiao Xu did not hesitate and added WeChat according to the request of the other party. After adding WeChat, the express "customer service" sent a verification code to Xiao Xu. After scanning, Xiao Xu successively filled in the bank card number and payment password as required. However, as soon as he reached the submission stage, his information showed that the system had timed out and could not be submitted several times in a row. "Customer Service" carefully helped him analyze the reasons. According to the solution given by "Customer Service", Xiao Xu inexplicably downloaded two online loan apps and registered them as members.

　　But at this time, "customer service" disappeared, and Xiao Xu found out that "customer service" had borrowed 85,500 yuan and 33,500 yuan on the above two online loan apps through Xiao Xu’s bank card information. Fortunately, after Xiao Xu called the police, the case was broken.

　　Fraud, pattern renovation, hard to prevent

　　Xiao Xu’s experience is not a case. During the epidemic, telecom fraud methods emerged in an endless stream and were refurbished. The "Legal Daily" reporter combed recent related cases and found that there are mainly the following methods of telecom fraud:

　　The first is to fake the official App of a company. In the name of a company, criminals claim to provide high rebate wealth management activities, loan lines, etc., to guide users to download fake apps, and "customer service" conducts capital transactions in fake apps or prompts "bank card error" and other information in the transaction, requiring users to pay extra money.

　　The second is to cancel the campus loan. On the grounds of canceling student loans and campus loans, criminals demand to help users cancel quotas and accounts, and guide customers to operate loans to defraud funds by means of transfer.

　　On April 1st, the anti-fraud center of Daxing Branch of Beijing Public Security Bureau announced a case of impersonating a customer service fraud of a large-scale network platform. The reason given by the fraudster was that "the state has rectified campus loans, and users must cancel the credit payment account registered during their college years, otherwise it will affect personal credit information", believing that Xiao Li, the real victim, was cheated out of 88,500 yuan.

　　Shortly after Xiao Li graduated from college, he received a phone call claiming to be "official customer service" a while ago. The liar’s statement made Xiao Li feel very sudden. When hesitating, the other party accurately reported Xiao Li’s school, major and account opening time. Xiao Li believed it. He was worried that buying a house and a car would be affected in the future, so he quickly asked the other party about the cancellation method.

　　The other party said that in order to cancel the account, we must first ensure that there is enough deposit in the bank account, and the deposit amount should be consistent with the account application amount. If the money is not enough, you can borrow from other loan platforms and then transfer to the bank card.

　　Subsequently, according to the requirements of the other party, Xiao Li borrowed a total of 88,500 yuan from Alipay, Didi Chuxing and JD.COM Gold Bar respectively and transferred them to the designated account. However, the news of account cancellation did not come, and the other party lost contact.

　　The Anti-Fraud Center of Daxing Branch reminded that there have been many scams like this this year. Many college students are not deeply involved in the world, easy to trust others and fall into the "routine loan" scam. Many employees who have not been to work for a long time will also be lured into a trap by "customer service" with identity information because they are not careful in registering accounts.

　　The third is fraud in the name of account security. In the name of "official customer service" of a platform, criminals guide customers to add chat software, and after gaining customers’ trust, they induce customers to provide personal sensitive information such as ID number, verification code, bank card number and password, or transfer funds to designated accounts through WeChat.

　　The fourth is after-sales fraud. On the grounds that there are quality problems in historical orders, criminals demand a refund or exchange goods for customers, or express that they want to send gifts, and there are abnormal express delivery, etc., they induce users to provide personal information, log in to fake websites or scan unknown QR codes for risky operations.

　　The fifth is fraudulent text messages. The criminals send short messages to customers, which involve words such as withdrawal and loan, and contain links. After clicking, they ask users to fill in personal information or bank card information, resulting in financial losses; The content of the text message sent does not contain words related to a company, but after the user’s bank card information is defrauded, the scammer uses the customer’s bank card information to make a transaction in a company’s App.

　　The sixth is to brush the bill. Customers take the initiative to participate, or are lured by lawless elements to participate in the billing and credit, and promise to return the full amount and give customers a certain percentage of commission. After the customers cooperate with the operation, the merchants fail to perform the contract.

　　In addition, there are other "niche" fraud methods.

　　Cooperation between police and enterprises to control fraud has achieved remarkable results

　　How to control the stubborn disease of telecom fraud?

　　In Sun Xiaodong’s view, during the epidemic, the public security organs always made every effort to crack down on online fraud crimes, and major online platforms also fully cooperated with the public security organs to provide case clues, which has proved to be positive and effective.

　　In the case of Xiao Xu in Xiamen, the cooperation between police and enterprises has achieved positive results. It is understood that Jingdong Finance relies on advanced financial technology strength, rich experience in attack and defense of black products, and industry-leading all-round risk management system, and uses anti-fraud algorithms such as AI black technology "risk control super brain" relationship network, knowledge map and neural network to monitor abnormal behavior in real time, assess credit risk, and successfully help the police lock and arrest suspects.

　　Obviously, the technical advantages of the Internet platform are obvious, and a joint effort with the police to combat fraud will get twice the result with half the effort. According to the relevant person in charge of Jingdong Finance, for a long time, online telecom fraud has caused serious reputational impact and economic losses to enterprises. Jingdong Finance has continuously invested resources, and has been working hard to combat these illegal acts. Combining with the existing scientific and technological means, it has given full play to its own technological advantages and independently developed a number of intelligent risk control systems, which are used to identify suspicious transactions and provide early warning in time to ensure the information security of customer accounts in an all-round way.

　　"Communicate with the police at any time about the detected fraud involving our company, actively cooperate with the police to effectively crack down on illegal activities such as online telecom fraud from the source of the crime, and practice corporate social responsibility to contribute to protecting the legitimate rights and interests of consumers and purifying the online business environment. At the same time, in order to give consumers better safety education and risk warning, JD Finance has set up a consumer rights protection department to provide users with the most cutting-edge anti-fraud knowledge on a regular basis through online and offline channels such as WeChat, Weibo and entering the campus, so as to improve users’ prevention of telecom networks. The person in charge said.

　　Indeed, it is very important for users to improve their anti-fraud awareness and safety awareness. Experts in the industry pointed out that it is difficult to investigate the responsibility of the online lending platform because such cases are caused by the user’s personal independent behavior. On the one hand, users should pay attention to personal privacy and information protection. On the other hand, when they encounter similar phone calls involving money, they must pay more attention to it and verify it in many ways, such as calling the official phone number of the relevant platform or consulting professionals, instead of doing relevant operations according to the requirements of fraudsters in a hurry. If you are defrauded, you must pay attention to retaining and collecting relevant evidence materials and call the police in time. (Reporter Zhang Wei)

　　With "science", everything is fine. "With the development of science, problems can always be solved", which has almost become a mindset. In fact, this is scientism, also known as science.Learning doctrine-

　　What is "science"

　　The definition of science in Ci Hai is a knowledge system that reflects the essence and laws of various phenomena in the real world by using categories, theorems and laws. According to the different research objects, it can be divided into natural science, social science and thinking science, as well as philosophy and mathematics, which are all in the three fields.

　　What is "scientism"

　　Scientism refers to an ideological trend or movement in epistemology and philosophy of science. Scientism holds that natural science is real scientific knowledge, and only the method of natural science can be effectively used to acquire knowledge, which can be popularized in all research fields and solve various problems faced by mankind. Scientism pursues instrumental rationality, ignores value rationality, and extrapolates the concepts and methods of natural science without restrictions and regulates humanities and social sciences, which is contrary to the scientific spirit.

　　"Democracy" and "science" (called "Mr. De" and "Mr. Sai") are the most common categories in China’s academic discourse in modern times. For a long time, we have talked more about the origin and origin of "democracy", but less about this aspect of "science". In view of this, the author focuses on the relevant situation and problems of "science".

　　How did "science" rise?

　　In modern China, "science", like "democracy", was imported from the West. In the west, after rationalism provided a methodological basis for science, science developed in great strides. The main achievements in the 16th century were in astronomy and anatomy. Newton was the most representative figure in the 17th century, and there were many scientific achievements in the 18th century, covering a wide range of fields, which was closely related to the wide spread of rationalism. In terms of scientific theory, or philosophy of science, Bacon in Britain and Descartes in France have made indelible contributions to the construction of modern scientific theory, and they are the foundation figures.

　　Bacon’s scientific theory has several principles: the first principle is to attach importance to experience, and most British people have such ideological characteristics. Bacon’s theory is also empirical. He particularly emphasized the experimental nature of science and pointed out that science must be experimental, which became the first principle of modern science. Anyone with scientific common sense knows that all scientific conclusions come from experiments. Without experiments, there is no science, and only the results tested by experiments are reliable. The so-called experimental test has a basic requirement, that is, no matter how many times you do it, where you do it, and who does it, as long as the experimental conditions are the same, the conclusions you get should be exactly the same. Bacon’s second principle is that science must be useful and can be used. About this point of view, it depends on how we understand it, because early European scientists were all idle people, basically aristocratic gentlemen, who had nothing to do after eating, and did not want to hunt and play poker like other nobles, so they squatted on the ground to observe ants, or went to the Woods to observe leaves-whether they were three or four, and so on. What’s the use of observing these things? It depends on how we understand it-it may be useless to themselves and they can’t make money. In fact, they don’t need to make money; But it will be useful to human beings and the world, and it can be used to understand and transform nature in the end. This is the third principle of Bacon’s scientific theory-you can transform nature.

　　Descartes is the French, and most the French have the same ideological characteristics. Unlike the British, they like abstraction. French thinkers sit there all day thinking hard, reasoning abstractly, designing many theoretical models and imagining many solutions to problems from theory to theory. Most French enlightenment thinkers are like this. Descartes can’t get rid of the French’s ideological characteristics. His greatest contribution to scientific theory is that he believes that all science-as long as it is science, it can be expressed by numbers. This is of decisive significance to the later development of natural science. As we all know, natural science can be expressed by mathematical formulas.

　　Bacon put forward the principle of experiment and Descartes put forward the principle of mathematics. Add these two together and it becomes a modern natural science. People who study science actually learn two things, one is to do experiments, and the other is to express them with mathematical formulas. It can be said vividly that Bacon and Descartes are the modern natural sciences, and these two men are tied as the founders of modern natural sciences.

　　Does "science" exist objectively?

　　Science is a pillar of modern society, which will not be a problem. But if you ask: What is science? To put it another way, does science exist objectively? I believe most of us will think that science is an objective existence, just like other objective existence; All we need to do is to find out the objective existence of "science", just like finding a tree in the Woods. For many people, "science" already exists, but people don’t know it. We found it out, thus "discovering" science. But the fact is: what we can find is only natural phenomena, or the laws of object change and movement.

　　In fact, science is man’s creation and man’s exploration of nature. Man knows all kinds of natural phenomena through his own activities, and the accumulation of these activities and knowledge is science. Science is the result of human activities, it is not a kind of existence in nature, it is the same as literature, philosophy and so on-these "studies" did not exist originally, but human activities created them; Philosophy is man’s creation, literature is man’s creation, and science is man’s creation. They are all man’s creative activities. Today, many people hold "science" very high, reaching the supreme position and overriding everything, as if it is nature itself, but there are only phenomena in nature, and people know these phenomena through their own activities, and science is the understanding of these phenomena. Science appears because of human activities, and there is no science without human activities.

　　In this way, science is not so sacred. Now some people think that all problems in human society can be solved by science. With "science", everything is fine. Science is then combined with the concept of "progress": under the protection of science, human society continues to "progress". Some problems can’t be solved today because science is not yet in place and the level is not high enough. When the scientific level is higher, all problems can be solved. However, science cannot solve all the problems.

　　What problems can science solve?

　　Science is only human’s exploration of nature. Although the goal of science is to observe and study nature, trying to thoroughly understand the objective existence and find ways to use it, science can’t completely uncover the mystery of nature, and it is impossible to exhaust knowledge of nature. Science can only make people as close as possible to all objective existence and understand as many natural phenomena as possible, which is the limit of science. Therefore, science cannot solve all problems, and the "problems" here only refer to problems related to natural phenomena. But there are more "problems" in human society: problems unrelated to natural phenomena, many social problems, "ideological problems" and so on, which cannot be solved scientifically.

　　In addition, on the one hand, science can solve some problems, on the other hand, it creates and causes new problems, so science is not only solving problems, but also creating problems. After comparing the problems solved with those created, the result may be more and more problems, not less and less. This point is clear now, for example, bioengineering has solved many problems, which can increase agricultural output, but at the same time it has created transgenic problems; Furthermore, non-GM crops may be eliminated, which becomes another problem. Pollution problems, environmental problems, fertilizer problems and pesticide problems are all like this, especially the problem of ozone reduction. Are these problems caused by science? Science has brought us so much trouble that some problems may never be solved. Some people will say: With the development of science, problems can always be solved. I don’t think so. Let me give you an example: in the hundreds of years of great scientific development, one-third of the world’s biological species have been destroyed. Can these extinct species be restored?

　　This involves the direction of science. The biggest problem of science is that it has no direction. I mean, science can benefit human beings, destroy their well-being, and even cause human disasters. For example, the use of nuclear energy is a well-known example, and so is cloning. Obviously, the direction of science determines the fate of mankind, and the wrong direction may cause the destruction of mankind. The poisonous milk, poisonous air, poisonous soil, poisonous vegetables, etc., which are now plaguing China, are actually the evil consequences caused by the wrong scientific direction, which has seriously threatened the survival of Chinese. But the direction of science is in people’s hands. It is not science, but people’s morality and scientists’ sense of responsibility for human destiny that can grasp the direction of science.

　　Having said that, I want to emphasize that science has its limitations. Don’t think that science can solve all problems. Science is a good thing, but scientism is a bad thing. Scientism is also called scientism, and scientism is unacceptable.

　　What are the conditions for the development of "science"

　　Scientific development needs conditions. In my opinion, these conditions mainly include the following two aspects:

　　First, science must be recognized by society. Without social recognition, science cannot exist. Science is not an objective existence, it comes from human activities, and now everyone understands that science does not exist if society does not recognize it. For example, science could not exist in Copernicus’ time. If someone advocated science, he and his science would be destroyed together. Therefore, social recognition is the first condition for the existence of science. Second, there must be social needs. This brings me back to my proposition: science is not an objective existence, and it will only appear when society needs it; If society doesn’t need it and thinks it is useless, it won’t appear. In fact, there is no essential difference between science and literature, history and philosophy. Science is a creative activity of human beings, but the object of science is an objective natural phenomenon, while the object of literature is poetic imagination, such as the Monkey King the Monkey King or Harry Potter and the like. The object of science is real existence, while the object of literature is imaginary imagination. (author:Qian Chengdan Professor, History Department, Peking University)