标签： 南京夜生活

"kebab oven with dipping sauce, soul barbecue three-piece set"

Did the ancestors eat barbecue like this? The cultural relics in the museum tell you

Zibo barbecue fire out of the circle. Put a handful of kebabs on the red-hot stove, and then a handful of soul cumin Chili noodles and a roll of cookies, which is very enjoyable. Nowadays, barbecues are spread all over the country, and many places have developed kebabs with local characteristics: Xinjiang Hongliu Barbecue with rough style in the northwest, Jinzhou Barbecue with both land and sea in the northeast, Yunnan Barbecue with everything in the southwest, Guangdong Barbecue with exquisite seafood in the southeast … Of course, Xuzhou Barbecue, one of the cradles of barbecue, is also available. In the Han Dynasty more than two thousand years ago, how did people living in this land get confused? The cultural relics in the museum tell you.

Yangzi Evening News/Zi Niu News reporter Shen Zhao

Stone reliefs in Han Dynasty recorded that the ancestors of Xuzhou were like this.

To see how the ancestors of Xuzhou ate barbecue, they had to go to Xuzhou Museum. This city had a "three-piece set" of barbecue since the Han Dynasty, and the heroic barbecue style of the ancestors "ten kidneys and ten balls, shouting pepper and oil" has continued to this day. But what was the scene of the ancients eating barbecue? The image record is hidden in the Han Dynasty stone relief in Xuzhou.

Chen Zhao, deputy director of the office of the Chinese Painting Museum of Xuzhou Museum, told the reporter that there is a "roasting basin" in the main exhibition building of Xuzhou Museum, which is supposed to be used for barbecue besides heating by fire. There is also a Chinese stone relief containing barbecue content in the main exhibition building, and there are also four stone relief in the Chinese Painting Museum, which also depicts the scene of the ancients eating barbecue.

The most typical record of barbecue diet is a Han stone in the Eastern Han Dynasty. This stone was unearthed in Dongyan Village, Hanwang, Tongshan, with a height of 78cm, a width of 70cm and a thickness of 25cm. It was carved by the technique of plane relief. The picture is divided into three layers, the top layer is engraved with two people, the person in the middle is holding a long knife and cutting meat on the case, the person on the right is holding a hand to fan the fire, the other hand is holding a kebab for barbecue, some meat food is hung in the upper left corner, and there is a sheep tied with four hooves waiting to be slaughtered on the far left; There are also two people on the middle floor, one on the left is sitting in front of the stove, the other on the right is standing in front of the well to draw water, and there are some utensils such as ear cups on the picture; The bottom floor is the scene of horses and chariots traveling. We can even see clearly in this Han stone that mutton is one of the best choices in the oven, which is similar to the barbecue we eat now. The people in the painting cut the meat into pieces, string it on a sign, and then roast it on the fire, which is quite different from the way we eat it now.

Although the way of cooking is similar, if we really travel back to the Han Dynasty, I’m afraid we still can’t get used to the Han Dynasty version of kebabs. Chen Zhao introduced that compared with modern times, the cooking style of the Han Dynasty has been basically the same as that of modern times, but the taste is not quite the same as today. According to archaeology and literature, there are mainly not so many spices now, "because the spices introduced from the western regions at that time have not spread all over the country. Cook the meat, for example, is to cook white meat and then dip it in the sauce. I guess barbecue is similar, and it is more likely to be eaten with roasted meat dipping sauce, because meat sauce and horseshoe sauce have also been unearthed in Xuzhou. " Nowadays, there are ways to eat barbecue with dipping sauce, but spices are essential in the processing of ingredients, especially cumin from the western regions. What is the taste of barbecue in Han Dynasty? Maybe the next time you have a barbecue, you can eat it without spices.

How did you get a delicious barbecue?

Strictly speaking, Xuzhou can not be called the origin of barbecue, but should be called the place where the barbecue diet was first recorded. Barbecue with fire is the earliest and most primitive way of cooked food cooking. Barbecue is also one of the earliest foods invented by human beings. The way of processing food with fire barbecue is also one of the signs that ancient people bid farewell to the life of eating animals and drinking blood. Archaeological findings show that as early as 600,000 years ago, many burnt animal bones were found in Paleolithic sites. About 7,000 years ago, a long ceramic barbecue grill was unearthed in Majiabang cultural site in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, and its function was presumed to be similar to the barbecue grill used today.

By the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, with the progress of productive forces and the enrichment of means of production, the method of barbecue began to upgrade, and barbecue had a special name "roast". The Book of Rites recorded: "roast, through the fire." That is, skewer the meat and burn it on the fire. However, at that time, the barbecue was exclusively for nobles, and it was also a sacrificial object. For example, in the tomb of Zeng Houyi in the early Warring States period, a barbecue was unearthed, which was composed of a top plate and a bottom furnace. The furnace was shallow, with an open flat bottom and three legs. When unearthed, there were still more than a dozen unburned charcoal in the furnace, and most of Ceng Houyi’s daily recipes also included barbecue.

Barbecue really became popular as a kind of food in the Han Dynasty. According to Liu Xin’s Miscellanies of Xijing, after Liu Bang ascended the throne, Emperor Gaozu "often barbecued deer liver to drink wine". For example, in Mawangdui Han Tomb, the moire lacquer case unearthed from Xin Zhui’s tomb was filled with drinking lacquer cups, five small lacquer plates containing food and bamboo chopsticks, and the unearthed recipes of Xin Zhui family were also recorded with roasted cattle and chopsticks. The mutton kebabs of the Han Dynasty were also unearthed in Changle Han Tomb in Zhongwei, Ningxia. Three cereal products similar to "cakes" were also found in the lacquer box in front of the coffin. An ink book was also unearthed in the tomb, which read "Ten pieces were brought into the kitchen by a man named Lu Qiu", indicating that these things were sacrifices given to the tomb owner. So, the way to eat kebabs with small cakes may have existed in the Han Dynasty.

But for ordinary people, barbecue is not today’s street food, and only nobles have realized "barbecue freedom". In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the Han stone relief in Wulibao, the Kitchen Picture, depicts how the kitchen of the aristocrat cooked the barbecue at that time: two servants were in front of the oven, one was holding the meat strung with a sign, and the other was holding a fan to control the heat. Isn’t this a proper food stall scene?

It can be found that since the Han Dynasty, the development of barbecue has advanced by leaps and bounds, especially the qualitative leap in barbecue ingredients, not only simple beef and mutton, but also grilled fish and roasted rabbits. According to Chen Zhao, in the Han Dynasty, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, by-products and fisheries developed in an all-round way, which was the material basis for the rich diet in the Han Dynasty. According to the records of Han tombs and Han stone reliefs unearthed in Xuzhou, there were staple crops such as rice, wheat, millet and sorghum in the Han Dynasty, and pigs, cattle, sheep, chickens, ducks, geese and fish were all in demand, and the seasoning making skills, such as bean paste, also made great progress.

From a religious sacrificial food to the exclusive food of the aristocratic class to the fireworks in the streets and lanes, a string of barbecues strung together a thousand-year-old food civilization, with one hand strung together wine, eating the burnt fragrance of the barbecue and tasting the thick history. (Shen Zhao Yangzi Evening News)

　　[Pacific Auto Network, Culture Channel] As the first independently named car series under Toyota and one of the oldest car series, the Crown has a high reputation in various regions. In the past half century, the Crown has really carried too much wonderful history. At the same time, it is also a frequent guest in film and television works, incarnating as a "movie star" to shuttle through the joys and sorrows of the light and shadow screen. Next, the editor will take you back to the 1950s and take a look at the history of the Crown, see which famous films the Crown participated in, and see if the plot will evoke your movie-watching memories?

　　Back in the distant 1950s, the Asian film industry flourished like never before, and both aesthetics and themes began to bloom. In our country, Hong Kong, the Shaw Brothers and Dianmao Company competed fiercely; in the East and the Pacific, the revival of literary films and works describing social issues flourished. During this period, famous directors such as Akira Kurosawa and Yasujiro Ozu also produced a large number of well-known masterpieces.

　　As cars gradually enter the lives of the general public, a large number of films depicting urban reality have emerged, so you will find an elegant and refined car often appearing in the camera, shuttling through the streets and the main character’s story line, and it is the original Toyota Crown.

　　How high was the exposure rate of the original Crown? In the 1950s and 1970s, it appeared in at least 600 films, almost growing up with the development history of postwar East Asian films. The Crown of that year took on far more important tasks than in the film. As the first model that truly represents Japan’s independent research and development, Toyota injected many innovative designs into it. For example, to make it easier for rear passengers to get up and down, it adopted a closed door; the front suspension was replaced by a freestanding model pioneered in Japan. At this time, the crown was crowned with the logo of Toyopet, which literally translates as "Toyota’s Beloved".

　　After the launch of the first-generation Crown, the market performance exceeded Toyota’s expectations. Not only was it very popular in China, but also went to Europe and the United States. Therefore, Toyota did not hesitate to put the Crown in the position of the flagship of the group, making it the "pillar" of the Toyota family.

　　When it comes to the 007 series of movies, I believe everyone knows that, in addition to the dashing James Bond and the graceful Bond girls, the most impressive thing is the design of the amazing car chase scene, but you must know that the car protagonist is by no means unique. In 1967’s "007 Thunderbolt Valley", the second generation Toyota Crown and the 2000GT sports car launched a chase war on the streets of Tokyo, and was included in one of the top ten classic scenes in the history of 007.

　　In the film, when 007 left Osato Chemical Company, four of the boss’s confidants chased him out in a Toyota Crown and tried to shoot him from the car. At this time, a Toyota 2000GT came to the rescue of 007 at high speed, driving the secret agent beautiful woman Aki, a road chase began, bullets, the crown chased the 2000GT… At this time, a helicopter appeared in the sky, with a huge magnet, the crown was sucked up to the sky, 007 and beautiful woman Aki survived and drove away. This is a typical 007 plot, and the imaginative picture of the helicopter and the crown shook the world, and it is logical to be selected as one of the top ten classic shots in the history of 007.

　　Back then, the crew chose the Crown as a big group car and launched a chase war, not just because it was a luxury car. The second-generation Crown, born in 1962, was developed during the "Iwado boom" and the highway boom, so the positioning of the new Crown must be spacious, luxurious and comfortable.

　　Mechanically, the second-generation model was equipped with the first "X-type" chassis to improve driving stability, as well as cutting-edge technologies such as the M series straight six and the Toyotglide later stage. In the later stage, there was even a high-performance version of the CROWN S with higher power output. Of course, it was also the first large-scale sports sedan made in Japan.

　　Toyota has added a lot of features to the crown one after another, but it has not increased the price. In the follow-up version of this car, electronic locks, air conditioners, electric windows, refrigerators, etc. have been added as standard equipment, which is full of sincerity.

　　The second-generation crown further established the crown’s status as the flagship of the car series, describing the car in 1966 in Modern Car magazine: "The crown, which is extremely quiet and smooth to drive, makes the driving feel like the tire is running over the velvet." With such a high evaluation, it is no wonder that it has become popular in film history.

　　Crown was also the first Toyota to be exported to China. After the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Japan in 1972, Premier Zhou personally participated in the negotiations the following year, introducing 200 fourth-generation models and then assigning them to the reception of the Canton Fair. Since then, Crown has officially entered the land of China.

　　However, if the crown really became popular in China, it had to start from the seventh generation of the crown after the 1980s. Riding on the spring breeze of reform and opening up, the seventh and eighth generation crowns became household names, and naturally became one of the most common props in domestic films at that time. Just like in the 1950s, they continued to incarnate as "movie stars".

　　(Crown figure in domestic films in the 1980s)

　　The Seventh Generation Crown (1983-1987)

　　The Eighth Generation Crown (1987-1991)

　　The Eighth Generation Crown (released in 1991)

　　The 10th generation of the Crown (1995-1999)

　　As the big IP of the Spring Festival file, the "Detective Chinatown" series has received countless attention since the first one in 2015. This year’s "Detective Chinatown 3" has won 3.562 billion yuan to lead the Spring Festival box office. In the latest one, the theme city has come to Tokyo from Bangkok and New York before, and the prop car in the film naturally has a bunch of familiar faces, including a number of crown sedan series.

　　In the movie, the Crown, in addition to its duty as a police car, is also the car that Liu Haoran and Wang Baoqiang drive through the streets of Tokyo – the 12th-generation Crown that we are all quite familiar with, and it is also a Royal Saloon model that is almost identical to the domestic version.

　　When it comes to the 12th-generation Crown, it was introduced into China as early as 2005, which was the first time in the history of the Crown that it was produced in a country other than Japan. It is worth mentioning that this generation of the Crown focuses on the concept of "Zero Crown". From design to mechanics, it abandons the constraints of the past to create a younger Crown sedan, but the only constant is its unique oriental luxury philosophy.

　　The 12th-generation Crown body shape retained the classic flavor while still maintaining full and rich texture, and it was also as low as an astonishing 0.27. In addition, more cutting-edge new equipment of the time was used, such as the first G-BOOK and, as well as smart keys, color displays with navigation and reversing images, etc., and even the world’s first to reduce pedestrian injuries. The power aspect has also been completely revamped, and the GR series V6 engine with a new structure and dual VVT-i intake and exhaust has not only improved the power output of the Crown to the next level, but also significantly improved vibration control, fuel consumption and emissions.

　　Thanks to the "Crown Complex" accumulated by early imports into China, the domestic 12th-generation Crown surpassed the sales of 2,992 units in the first month of listing, becoming the best-selling mid-to-high-end luxury car in the Chinese market. In the following two months, the order volume of the 12th-generation Crown exceeded 10,000 units. By the end of 2006, the sales volume of the Crown exceeded 60,000 units, accounting for more than 30% of the high-end car market.

　　Detective Conan Episode 471

　　The 12th-generation Crown is still the darling of film and television works, whether it is the well-known animation "Detective Conan" to the action suspense film "Hunt" (2017) directed by John Woo, you can see its handsome figure.

　　The movie "The Hunt" (2017)

　　In 2021, the "Crown" car series has once again reappeared in the arena with a new high-end identity. Unlike the luxury cars of the past, the current Crown is positioned as the flagship seven seats of static luxury and dynamic, and it is named, and the newly added "KLUGER" has the meaning of intelligence and wisdom. You may wonder, is the high-end car charm of the Crown still there? Of course it is still there – this time it will be presented in a stronger form.

　　Unlike the elegant and quiet Crown sedan, the Crown Land Release based on the TNGA-K platform adopts the "Powerful Suave" design concept, and the shape follows the current design taste. Whether it is the diamond-shaped honeycomb middle net, the wide lower grille combined with the through-through silver decorative strips or the strong three-dimensional body, the whole vehicle builds a strong and brave visual perception.

　　The A/B/C pillars of Crown Land are all treated in black to create a suspended roof effect. The waist line extending to the taillights rises sharply, further enhancing the muscle feel on the side of the body. With 18-inch cutting/20-inch two-color cutting and polishing aluminum alloy wheels, the whole car is quite domineering in the air field.

　　In terms of interior, Crown Land is built with a center console with a skeleton vertical axis and horizontal axis focusing on the large screen, and then covered with textured interior materials, delicate sewing process and 12.3-inch display screen, continuing the exquisite interior style of the crown in the past. In addition, this infotainment system also has powerful online functions such as intelligent voice interaction system, facial recognition function, Toyota Zhixing Internet, remote diagnosis, theft tracking, etc., close to the online connected life.

　　In terms of power, the Crown Land Discharge is equipped with a new generation of TNGA 2.5L dual engine system. Among them, the 2.5L DYNAMIC FORCE engine adopts new technologies such as VVT-iE intelligent electric timing intake system, dual injection fuel supply system (D-4S + injection) and laser cladding valve seat. The comprehensive power reaches 183 kW, torque reaches 238 Nm, and can achieve 41% thermal efficiency, matching the new generation of E-CVT stepless, power output is more linear and smoother, bringing surging power while further reducing fuel consumption.

　　The Crown Land Ramp is based on the high level and low center of gravity performance of the TNGA-K platform to create a low center of gravity body. At the same time, the Crown Land Ramp adopts a front McPherson + rear double fork arm independent suspension system, supplemented by the same standard setting, which reduces the body roll while improving the stability, driving control and comfort of the vehicle. The E-Four electronic four-wheel drive system can greatly improve the output torque of the rear wheels, and also increase the torque distribution ratio of the rear wheels (front and rear torque 100:0~ 20:80), achieving more accurate control while bringing a sporty driving feeling like a rear drive.

　　In terms of safety, the crown land release has not been neglected. The Toyota Smart Safety System (Safety Sense2.5) is equipped with a pre-collision safety system (with forward pedestrian identification, etc.), a dynamic radar cruise control system (with full-speed domain following function), a lane tracking assistance system (with following function) and an automatic adjustment high beam system. It can not only identify vehicles, but also pedestrians, reduce the chance of accidents and reduce collision injuries. In addition, there is a standard 7-airbag panoramic monitoring system for all series, a blind spot warning system on the rear side of the reversing side, a tire pressure monitoring system, a parking anti-collision assistance system, a vehicle proximity warning system, a driving start assistance control system, and a parallel blind spot monitoring system, etc., to fully protect drivers and passengers.

　　Since its birth in the 1950s, Crown has witnessed the development history of film and the changes in social life. Whether it is the eastern elegant philosophy of the past or the new identity of the flagship SUV today, its innovative spirit and luxury level remain unchanged. With the official launch of the FAW Toyota Crown in China on August 27, the Crown car series will also open a new chapter. I believe that more Crown figures will appear in movies around the world in the future.

Car Review Observation "Car Review Society"

In the new energy era, all major car companies have tried their best to lay out the automobile market in depth. As an independent "first brother", Geely has successively launched a number of new energy brands such as Geometry, Maple Leaf, Polar Star and Polar Krypton, among which Polar Krypton is one of its most concerned brands, which can be seen from the hot discussion of Polar Krypton 009 on the Internet.

On November 1st, Kyk 009 was officially launched, and two new models were launched, of which the WE version was priced at 499,000 yuan and the ME version was priced at 588,000 yuan. According to the car review agency, the new car is positioned in the medium and large MPV.Adopt 6-seat layout,The length of the car body is 5209mm and the wheelbase is 3205mm, and there are quite a few bright spots in the sense of design of the whole car and the luxury of the carriage. So what is its product competitiveness? Look down with the car review society.

Let’s first analyze the most distinctive label of Extreme Krypton 009. Compared with competing products such as Tengshi D9 and Lantu Dreamer, Extreme Krypton 009 is an MPV that pays more attention to electric drive, and does not provide extended range or plug-in power options like the first two, which directly refreshes the use concept of MPV. Before, there has always been a media V that MPV is the most suitable vehicle to be combined with pure electric power.

The main advantages are still reflected in the use scenario, including: pure electric power can bring better use cost and more advanced ride experience; Due to the long service time of MPV models, the entertainment functions and external power supply provided by pure electric models are more practical in waiting for people or outdoor scenes; Coupled with the faster acceleration of electric drive at medium and low speeds, the driving experience in pure electric MPV city will be better.

Of course, what needs to be entangled is the cruising range and charging problem, which needs to be weighed according to its own mileage and charging conditions. But we might as well look at the performance of Krypton 009 according to the advantages of pure electric MPV.

In terms of appearance, Extreme Krypton 009 maintains the futuristic design language of pure electric vehicles, and the chrome-plated closed mesh is quite eye-catching, and the whole body contour is mainly square, creating a quite strong gas field. The daytime running lights with the design concept of "light trace" are also unique in shape, and the new car has a strong recognition.

Imagine driving this car to attend some business parties and stopping around Mercedes-Benz S-Class and Erffa, the gas field is still quite inconsistent. More directly, the design of Krypton 009 is more atmospheric and can meet the needs of users for face.

Let’s talk about the space problem that everyone is more concerned about. The length, width and height of the new car are 5209*2024*1856(1867)mm respectively. When air suspension is selected, the car height is 1856 mm. When passive suspension is selected, the car height is 1867mm and the wheelbase is 3205 mm. From the data point of view, it can be regarded as a big car, except for the length of the car body, other data all exceed GL8.

In terms of internal space, under normal conditions, the second/third row space of a new car is still quite spacious. As for Li Xiang’s question about whether the second row can be adjusted to the end and the third row space can meet the comfort of adults, it is still necessary to experience the real car before reaching a conclusion.

What is even more subversive is the functional experience in the car. In the overall style of the interior, Extreme Krypton 009 still continues the family design style, and the main color is mainly white, which is simple and generous, such as the full LCD instrument in the front row, the independent central control large screen, the steering wheel and the electronic gear handle style, which are almost consistent with Extreme Krypton 001.

The focus is on the back row, and the polar krypton 009 adopts a six-seat layout. The new car is equipped with a 15.6-inch central ceiling screen in the second row, with a conference mode, which can meet the needs of business users for teleconferencing and consulting materials on the way. At the same time, this screen also supports the functions of SWITCH game machine access and mobile phone wireless screen projection, which directly meets the entertainment needs of home users.

Looking down, the functionality is somewhat similar to the ideal L9. If you think narrowly, maybe this is also the reason why Li wants to question directly.

In addition, in the specific configuration, the first two rows of seats of Krypton 009 are equipped with headrest audio; On the door panel below the sliding door switch, a touch LCD screen named "Smart Bar" is also provided to control the functions of rear air conditioner, window and sunshade. The second row of seats are equipped with cup holders, seat adjustment buttons and leather table boards; The third row of seats can be completely flat, which improves the flexibility of spatial layout.

In terms of power that everyone is most concerned about, Extreme Krypton 009 is equipped with a four-wheel drive system consisting of two motors, with a peak power of 400kW and a top speed of 190 km/h. In addition, thanks to the technology of containing SiC in the rear motor, the highest efficiency reaches 98.5%, and its 0-100km/h acceleration time is only 4.5s, the only MPV member in the club with 4 seconds.

It is worth mentioning that Krypton 009 is Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited’s latest Kirin battery, which is the first model for global mass production. Kirin battery can increase the energy density of ternary battery system to 255Wh/kg and lithium iron phosphate battery system to 160Wh/kg.

That is to say, under the same chemical system and the same battery pack size, the power of Kirin battery pack is 13% higher than that of 4680 system. In terms of battery life, the comprehensive cruising range of CLTC of WE version with a battery capacity of 116kWh is 702km, while that of CLTC of ME version with a battery capacity of 140kWh is 822km.

In terms of chassis structure, the front suspension of Krypton 009 adopts double wishbone virtual double ball head independent suspension, and the rear suspension adopts integrated multi-link all-aluminum independent suspension. At the same time, Krypton 009 comes standard with automatic air suspension system and +CCD electromagnetic vibration reduction system.

Another good news is that Krypton 009 will be delivered in the first quarter of 2023.

Finally, let’s talk about the sales prospect of Krypton 009. As of 2021, the domestic MPV market has been declining for three consecutive years, but in the segmentation field, pure electric MPV and medium and large high-end MPV have been on the rise. From the direction, Krypton 009 is undoubtedly on the right track.

At the same time, considering the selling price and product strength, the technological configuration brought by the new car is quite subversive to the use experience of traditional fuel MPV. How to make users truly feel the advantages of pure electric MPV will become the key to the hot sale of extremely Krypton 009.