Meng Hua Lu, which was scored 8.8 by 320,000 Douban users shortly after its broadcast, became the most concerned domestic drama this year.
This costume drama, directed by Yang Yang, written by Andy and starring Liu Yifei and Chen Xiao, falls into the Northern Song Dynasty. Its prototype story is the Yuan zaju Zhao Paner, which was created by Yuan dramatist Guan Hanqing, but on this basis, its content is greatly expanded. It includes the life experiences of the three sisters who opened tea houses in Qiantang (now Hangzhou) and Tokyo, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty (also known as Bianjing and Kaifeng today), and takes Gu Qianfan, the deputy commander of the Imperial City Department, and Zhao Paner’s ex-boyfriend Ouyang Xu, who explored flowers in the new China, as a guide, showing the political struggle of men, the real historical events in the Northern Song Dynasty (such as Song Zhenzong’s worship of Taoism and worship of Mount Tai and the case of Mao Yao) and so on.
Although the main plot still follows the route of mutual redemption and upgrading of the couple, it falls in a specific dynasty and adapts many historical events, restoring the life picture of the ancients with fireworks with costumes, utensils and food, which makes the drama more rich in cultural implications and allows the audience more room for discovery and discussion. In the following, we enter with eight key words related to Meng Hua Lu, and open Meng Hua Lu from the perspective of story adaptation and true historical restoration, making up for the lack of literature with the gorgeous service in the play, and making up for the lack of film and television presentation with real historical records.
1. "Zhao Paner’s romantic rescue"
The first five episodes of Meng Hua Lu are mainly devoted to restoring the story of Guan Hanqing’s Yuan drama Zhao Paner’s romantic rescue.
"Zhao Paner’s romantic rescue" has a total of 40% off, which tells the story that Song Yinzhang, a singer of the capital of song dynasty, was lured by Zhou She, a rich boy, and married Zhou She, but was beaten and abused after marriage. Song Yinzhang rescued his sister Zhao Paner, and Zhao Paner tricked Zhou She into writing a divorce certificate and divorced Song Yinzhang. Finally, the two sides went to court and the woman won a great victory.
Meng Hua Lu truthfully presents some of the most colorful and dramatic conflicts in Guan Hanqing’s story. For example, Song Yinzhang is simple and bent on "making a woman’s name, and I am also a ghost"; Zhao Paner "fights poison with poison", and uses the thunderous means to trick Zhou She into writing a certificate of divorce. Zhou She beat his wife, swallowed a divorce certificate at a critical moment, and became angry from embarrassment and went to court for contempt.
For the further development of the characters, some backgrounds were hidden in the adaptation. For example, Song Yinzhang had an engaged spouse An Xiucai, and because An Xiucai testified, Zhou She was sentenced for "taking the wife of a scholar". The identities of Song Yinzhang and Zhao Paner are all dusty women, who have been in the darkest and most unbearable places and are familiar with the rhetoric of happy men. In the characterization of Meng Hua Lu, there is a little room for these two women, and Song Yinzhang is arranged as a pipa player, and Zhao Paner was once a miss official. Because of her family’s troubles, she had to become an official prostitute and later left.
Zhao Paner tricked Zhou She into writing a divorce certificate to save Song Yinzhang by romantic means.
Compared with the pursuit of subtle twists and turns or self-defeating, reading Guan Hanqing’s original text, the first thing I feel is a kind of gentleness and gentleness, and the extreme sobriety and fierceness caused by women being suppressed into the abyss. For example, Du Ruiniang is a prostitute who is "a lowly prostitute". She said with emotion: "I think that in these 120 lines, every door is begging for food; Who made me partial to this door? How humble! Then where can I buy and sell this unjust door? No capital, all with five words to do gold and silver. But which five words? Evil, bad, embarrassing, poisonous and embarrassing. "
Zhao Paner’s cold-eyed insight into human feelings is different from ordinary women’s sobriety and decisiveness: "I am waiting for marriage, which has long caused that conversation; Whoever listens to the word reveals the debt and buys the divorce. Every time he tries to curry favor with the deep house compound, he will destroy the Meige Building. One by one, the eyes are puffed up, like fish that have missed the net: one by one, the mouths are like turtledoves that have dropped their shells. Isn’t it a road willow in the imperial garden? How can a good family tolerate such a prostitute? He was a little sincere at the beginning, and he didn’t have a reason to be old! " For the sisters who fell into the hands of men, Zhao Paner sighed: "Which one doesn’t die?" Which one is not real, and it is short-term? If not, Zhou She lied. Which one doesn’t say a curse? Just like the autumn wind, take a break! "
Meng Hua Lu has a total of 40 episodes, and the plot of Zhao Paner’s romantic rescue has been finished in five episodes, but we can think that Guan Hanqing’s story continues to exert influence, and the main character of Zhao Paner’s character runs through the whole story. In the following plots, Zhao Paner rarely has the character of dragging his feet. If he wants to open a shop, he will open it in three days. Consciously know what you want, face heart breaker, choose hard and hard, wish him a "bumpy career", and have no mercy in his heart; There are people who like it and don’t hide it. They are the "straight ball players" praised in the barrage.
Zhao Paner opens a tea shop in Qiantang.
Although "Dream of China Record" intentionally changed the identities of two women, it was criticized by netizens as incomplete feminism, and everyone could not understand why the life proverbs of these two powerful women turned out to be "divorced" and "never be a concubine", as if they were going around or around men. Times have their limitations. We speculate about the ancients today, and all discussions are just a guess that we hope to be infinitely close to the facts. We can only create characters in a limited imagination. If a character is good at dancing with long sleeves, it is bound to be powerful and unsuccessful.
Moreover, whether a woman’s resistance is thorough enough or not depends on her identity and whether she really bottomed out. If it is suppressed to the lowest point, the room for change will actually be smaller. For example, Zhao Paner of Guan Hanqing is obviously an absolute and strong-willed pessimist, but it is easy to think that this character will determine her next life. However, Zhao Paner’s identity in Meng Hua Lu hesitates between a good woman and her past as an official prostitute. There is a gloomy past and a possibility of improvement, but there will be greater tension.
2. The legendary Song Zhenzong
If Dream of China is simply divided into two parts, the three main women bear the part of fireworks, while the men bear the part of times and history. In the clue of male, the figure at the top of the pyramid is the emperor.
Song Zhenzong asked by Chongxian in Meng Hua Lu
Although the subtitles only show the Northern Song Dynasty, in the plot, when my father-in-law came to see Ouyang Xu, he mentioned that the butler had "Yuqing Palace’s immortal teacher, and repeatedly advised him to keep in good health". When Ouyang Xu went to see the holy one, he was interested in it, saying that he usually read 3,000 Taoist scriptures and advocated the technique of Huang Lao, and also mentioned the matter of closing the Mount Tai. On the whole, this butler should be the third emperor of the Song Dynasty, Song Zhenzong Zhao Heng, and his most important deed was not accepted by future generations.
Although the serious historical deeds are relatively simple, there are many unofficial histories of Song Zhenzong. For example, his third wife was Liu E, the first legendary hostess in the Song Dynasty. At the beginning of Dream of China, she started with the prophecy of "the mistress Chang", which corresponds to Liu E’s participation in politics. In the later period of Song Zhenzong’s life, he indulged in the technique of Huang Lao, asked for immortals, and was keen on the theory of "auspicious omen", which was dissatisfied with the scholars who were orthodox in Confucianism, and the screenwriter also played a role in it. The party struggle that will be launched later in Meng Hua Lu and Ouyang Xu’s official career in officialdom are all related to this historical fact, and the largest paranormal-Mao Yao case in ancient times also occurred in the reign of Emperor Zhenzong.
The prophecies of "female ruler Chang" are similar to those of "Great Chu Xing and Chen Shengwang". In ancient political struggles, they used to spread prophecies and nursery rhymes to create momentum for the legitimacy of a certain rule and create a fatalism of "chosen children".
When he was in Song Zhenzong, Dasong had entered the rule of the third emperor, and the society was increasingly rich, which is why Song Shenzong had the luxury of worshipping Mount Tai. Song Zhenzong also made some achievements. For example, in the fifth year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1012), he introduced drought-tolerant and early-maturing rice seeds and distributed them to the Jianghuai and Zhejiang provinces, which became the early rice in the south, also known as Zhancheng rice and yellow indica rice. In addition, during the Zhenzong period, 16 wealthy households in Chengdu presided over the printing and making of a credit-based convertible paper money, which replaced copper coins as a local currency only used in Sichuan, for the sake of making friends. There was no mention of friends in Meng Hua Lu, but when Zhao Paner opened a shop, he mentioned "flying money" with similar functions and friends. There is no need to move heavy silver, and the transaction becomes convenient, which is also one of the wealth codes of the Song Dynasty.
3. Clear may not be clear, turbid may not be turbid.
During the Song Dynasty, the party struggle was extremely serious, which can be traced back to the system of separation of powers and checks and balances at the beginning of the establishment of the Song Dynasty. In the official system of the central government, the administration, military power and finance were managed by three institutions, namely the Chinese Secretariat, the Privy Council and the Third Division, and these institutions often developed into party and government forces. In addition, the continuous expansion of local institutions has led to a sharp increase in the number of officials. Scholars can take part in the imperial examinations, be gracious and be recommended. When they first enter the officialdom, they must always be careful to stand in line and form a party with their heart in order to compete for power.
In the period of Song Zhenzong where Meng Hua Lu was located, after Wang Qinruo became prime minister, Zhenzong appointed Kou Zhun, who was different from Wang Qinruo faction and had different political views, as prime minister, and the parties they represented were beaten to the death, which was considered as the beginning of the party and government in the Song Dynasty. In Meng Hua Lu, the name "Wang Qinruo" is divided into two parts: Xiao Qinyan (Gu Qianfan’s biological father) and Zhu Peiruo. They are the main targets of Qingliu.
Officials in the Song Dynasty can become a party for any reason, such as coming from the same place, belonging to the same interest group, and more likely, because of different political ideals. In Meng Hua Lu, the concepts of "clean stream" and "turbid stream" are used to simply distinguish the different factions of good guys and bad guys, but in fact, the concept of clean stream is very complicated. Lu Yang, a scholar, put forward in "Clean stream culture and Tang Empire" that clean stream is not an institutional identity, but a social cognitive group based on social imagination and political success, and a political elite who practices and agrees with the functions and values of the above-mentioned "literature". In the course of its development, the clean culture has increasingly shown an exclusive tendency. For example, the ability of "writing" is increasingly regarded as an innate talent and the only standard of political ability. Moreover, to understand the specific performance of Qingliu, we must rely on enough solid historical materials and return to the historical background at that time.
"Clean stream" has a set of common values, such as believing in Confucian values and respecting literature. It seems that the clean stream in different periods in history has a spiritual echo from the perspective of great history, so it always gives people a sense of integrity and justice as its name implies.
"Turbid flow" is put forward relative to clean flow. In the world view of Meng Hua Lu, turbidity current refers to Gao Guan (Ouyang Xu’s possible father-in-law)’ s "capable minister who gets promoted by ghosts and gods", also refers to Qi Mu (Gu Qianfan’s mentor)’ s "generation of five ghosts who bully their superiors and deceive their subordinates", and even more, Gu Qian Fan’s tooling (actually a clean and hidden pile) relies on violent inspection and trial, which exists as an emperor’s eyes and ears.
However, it may not be clear. For example, the high observation of "catching a son-in-law under the list" is actually for the sake of forming a party and wooing young people who are about to become officials, and may not really have the character as he said; However, Ouyang Xu, who was promoted by the imperial examination and wanted to be pulled into a clean stream by the high observer, was no less shameless than Zhou She, and Zhou She was bad at clear gambling and lust for money. However, Ouyang Xu’s face to the high observer’s daughter and Zhao Paner was full of tenderness and disappointment, and the poisonous oath of "I will never fail you" came. In fact, anyone can give up his future at present, which is a typical Zhongshan Wolf, which is also the one that women hate most in Guan Hanqing’s story.
High observation reprimanded Ouyang Xu
Turbidity is not necessarily turbid. People who are packaged without benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and trust seem to be more frank and straightforward. However, in many recent Song dramas, there is a great potential for turbidity to wash away grievances. For example, in "Know it or not, it should be green and fat and thin", Gu Tingye is also a military commander who is despised by civil servants. He has a lot of black history, but he is decisive and popular. In Meng Hua Lu, Gu Qianfan is the most typical forbearing hero in film and television dramas-as a hidden pile of "hiding the clear as turbid", he needs to be on guard at all times. He has been a high school scholar at a young age, and now he needs to endure the abuse of being accused of being a lackey of an eagle dog and an official. In addition, his biological father is a representative figure of turbid flow, which further causes his embarrassment.
Gu Qianfan and Ouyang Xu passed by, but the clarity may not be clear and the turbidity may not be turbid.
4. scarlet official clothes and fresh clothes.
The basic historical and institutional framework of Dream of China is clarified, and the details are discussed. Let’s look at the historical and cultural implications of those wonderful scenes in the film and television drama presentation.
In the eleventh episode of Meng Hua Lu, Qian Fan was promoted, and "Jin Xi Shang He Men made an envoy, and the imperial city agreed to lend Fei and give him a silver fish bag". All kinds of film and television dramas like to depict the moment when the male protagonist wears the red official uniform. For example, the little grandfather played by Zhu Yilong in Know No also has the plot of wearing red official clothes.
In the early days of the founding of the Northern Song Dynasty, various systems were inherited from the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. Before the reform of Yuanfeng (Song Shenzong period), officials in the Song Dynasty wore purple official uniforms with three or more products, Zhu with five or more products, green with six or seven products, and green with eight or nine products. The emperor said "Xu borrowed Fei", which means that Gu Qianfan was originally an official with six products and should wear green official clothes. He was specially granted by the emperor to wear the scarlet official clothes of an official with five products. Although it is not really five products, it is also a privilege.
Gu Qianfan’s scarlet official uniform
In Song Dynasty, the official uniforms were elegant and simple in shape, with curved collars and big sleeves, horizontal reeds under them, leather belts, hoes, fish bags and black leather boots. The collar type of a t-shirt is generally a curved collar or a dish collar, which was a kind of clothing that men could take in the early Song Dynasty. In the early Song Dynasty, on the basis of the Tang Dynasty, the Song Dynasty made adjustments. The History of Song Dynasty recorded that jade belts were worn with more than three products, and thirteen were worn; Take a gold belt for more than four products, and eleven; Seven or more products are not worn by military officers and military attaché s; Eight products and nine products are black and silver. The system of carrying fish originated from the military symbols of the Warring States Period, which was a kind of voucher for dispatching troops at that time. A bag carrying a fish symbol is called a fish bag. In the Song Dynasty, the fish symbol was no longer used, but the surface of the fish bag was directly decorated with gold and silver, which was actually a small purse. In Song Dynasty, fish bags were divided into two types, goldfish bags and whitebait bags. Silver fish bags are worn for more than six items, and goldfish bags can only be worn for more than four items (there are three items).
Red official uniforms are also popular in ancient paintings, such as the characters in the Song Dynasty painting "Listening to the Qin" and the young lang charm in red in the following "Han Xizai’s Night Banquet".
Part of the Song Painting "Listening to the Piano"
5. Han Xizai’s Night Banquet and the mood of the times.
An important clue mentioned in Meng Hua Lu is The Banquet Picture. Until the 14th episode, The Banquet Picture didn’t show up. This part of the story needs to be further developed. We can look at the real and first-class national treasure Han Xizai’s Banquet Picture first.
At the end of the Southern Tang Dynasty, when the society was in turmoil, Han Xizai, a famous minister, decided to fade out of government affairs and have a party every night in his mansion. The Picture of Han Xizai’s Banquet in the Palace Museum reproduces the historical scene of Han Xizai’s banquet guests, depicts in detail the lively scenes of playing the silk and blowing bamboo, singing and dancing, rubbing the host and guest, teasing and laughing, and deeply depicts the complex character of the protagonist who is detached from unruly and depressed. On the one hand, he mingled with the guests at the banquet, which was informal, such as listening to the female music ensemble with an open chest and bare arms, and hanging out with the domestic performers at the time of farewell, reflecting his wild and unrestrained attitude and pursuit of life; On the other hand, he is absent-minded and full of melancholy, such as staring at the drum roll without smiling, being careless when listening to the blow, and finally standing alone and waving goodbye. These emotions all reveal his frustrated mentality in his later years.
Part of Han Xizai’s Night Banquet
Part of Han Xizai’s Night Banquet
It’s better to say that "The Night Banquet of Han Xizai" shows the frustration and sadness of ambitious ancient literati, not only when the Dynasty Mansion was about to collapse, but also when the party struggle was fierce in the early Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, when the officialdom atmosphere and system were always in question, this sadness of "the years are getting late" almost became a common mood of the times. Therefore, in many dramas with the theme of the Song Dynasty, there will always be a lonely figure who conforms to this melancholy mood. This figure may not be weak, but he must have hard-paid ambitions and hard-to-fight fate. Gu Qianfan is the embodiment of this kind of emotion, even if the clothes are fresh and the horses are angry.
Gu qianfan
In addition, the costumes and manners of the characters in Han Xizai’s Night Banquet also provide an important reference for film and television dramas.
Han Xizai’s reclining sitting posture
Pipa Girl in Han Xizai’s Night Banquet
Jelly Lin plays the pipa girl Song Yinzhang.
6. The Dream of Tokyo and the Fireworks of Song Dynasty
The name of Meng Hua Lu is taken from Meng Yuan’s notebook work Meng Hua Lu in the Song Dynasty.
Dream of China in Tokyo is an old man Meng’s recollection of the prosperity of Tokyo, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, from Chongning to Xuanhe (1102-1125) in Song Huizong after the subjugation of the Northern Song Dynasty. The book consists of ten volumes, depicting the panoramic life and urban features of Tokyo, including urban layout, rivers, streets, shops, eating and drinking, eating, drinking, shopping and shopping, laws and regulations, customs and etiquette, etc. Dream of China in Tokyo is always used as a reference for reading with Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, which is a kind of ukiyo-e painting and romantic painting to understand Bianjing in the Northern Song Dynasty. We can learn the general content of Tokyo Dream of China Record from the following contents, such as the chapter "Huixian Restaurant", which is written as:
For example, the Renhe store in Zhoudong and the main store in Huixianlou in Xinmen often have 100-minute halls and pavilions, each of which is fully equipped, and there is no shortage of one. Generally speaking, people are extravagant in manners and customs, and their measurement is a little wider. In any hotel, no matter who they are sitting and drinking, they must also use a pair of bowls, two sets of plates and lamps, five pieces of fruit and vegetables, and three or five bowls of water and vegetables, that is, nearly one hundred taels of silver. Although one person drinks alone, the bowl is also made of silver spoons and the like. Its fruits and vegetables are nothing but pure. If you don’t want to drink, even if people buy soft sheep, turtle backs, big and small bones, steamed stuffed buns of various colors, jade plates, raw sliced bazi, melon ginger and so on.
When Gu Qianfan and Zhao Paner were drinking, there was a bowl for warming wine. Hot water was put in the bowl for warming wine.
"Tokyo Meng Hua Lu" also records:
There are even women in the neighborhood who wear blue-and-white towels around their waists and dangerous buns to change soup and pour wine for drinkers, which is commonly called "bad". Some people even go into the wine shop and see their children and teenagers drinking. When they come near, they carefully give orders, buy things to order prostitutes, get money and things, and so on, which is called "idle Han". There are also singing songs by changing soup and pouring wine forward, or offering fruit and fragrant medicine, etc., and the guests get money, which is called "Sibo". There are also inferior prostitutes who come to the banquet and sing without being called, and temporarily give them away with some small money, which is called "knocking off guests", which is also called "drinking and sitting". There are also selling medicines, fruits, radishes and the like. They don’t ask the drinkers whether to buy or not, but disperse and sit with customers, and then get money, which is called "temporary suspension". So everywhere.
The situation of Zhao Paner’s neat work is also consistent with the statement that "there are more women in the neighborhood, wearing blue and white towels around their waists and making dangerous buns to change soup and pour wine for drinkers".
7. Tea house and tea fragrance
Zhao Paner mainly makes a living by opening a teahouse. In Dream of China, teahouse tea art is the key content. For example, she used the method of "ordering tea" to brew tea many times.
Wu Gou wrote in "Elegant Song Dynasty: Visible Civilization of the Great Song Dynasty" that "group tea" and "end tea" were the mainstream in the tea market in the Song Dynasty. "Tuancha" is a kind of tea cake made by a series of complicated processes, such as washing, steaming buds, tabletting to remove paste, grinding, patting tea and baking, instead of directly baking the tea for later use. In the process of making tea, steaming tea without grinding is "loose tea", and grinding without shooting is "final tea".
After the "group tea" is made, it should be stored in a special tea baking cage. In brew tea, tea cakes were taken out of the tea roasting cage, pounded into small pieces with a tea hammer, ground into powder with a tea mill or a tea mill, and sieved with a Luo He to ensure that the tea powder was evenly powdered. After grinding the tea powder, you can make tea. First, boil the purified water in a tea kettle, then immediately mix the tea cream, put a spoonful of tea powder into each tea lamp, inject a small amount of boiling water, and mix it into paste. Then, while rushing into boiling water, blow it with a tea pot to blend the water with the tea powder and make tea foam. After several blows, a fragrant Song-style hot tea was baked. This process of brew tea was called "ordering tea" by Song people. It should be reminded that even if Song people used "loose tea" brew tea, they did not brew tea directly, but first grinded it into tea powder, blended it into tea cream, and then rushed to Dianchong. Or "order tea" tea cooking method.
Zhao Paner’s Tea Ordering and Cooking Method
Zhao Paner’s Tea Ordering and Cooking Method
The tea brewed by "Diancha" is thick and can be painted, which is "a hundred plays of tea"
The large-scale tea houses in the Song Dynasty were very particular. Whether Zhao Paner opened the "Zhao Tea House" or later "semi-covered face", he was trying to create an elegant environment.
"Dream Liang Lu" records that in the Song Dynasty, high-end tea houses were decorated with four-time flowers and calligraphy by famous people, "arranging flower stands, installing exotic pines and cypresses on them, and decorating the storefront". Some tea houses also invite artists to perform to attract customers. According to Hong Mai’s Yi Jian Zhi, during the main road years, Lu Deqing went to Hangzhou with his friends and sat in the tea shop outside Jiahui Gate. He saw a piece of paper with a Fei affixed to the tail cloud:’ Tell Han Shu tonight’. This tea house not only has a storytelling program, but also posted a preview of the program.
According to Wu Gou’s book, in the Qing Le Tea House, Eight Immortals Tea House, Zhuzi Tea House, Panjia Tea House, Liansan Tea House and Lianer Tea House in Pingkang in the Song Dynasty, there were geishas welcoming guests on weekdays: "All of them are dressed up to meet the door, competing for beauty and laughing, singing songs at dusk and swaying their minds." In Meng Hua Lu, Song Yinzhang plays the pipa in the teahouse, which also accords with the real situation of the Song Dynasty.
The complex tea set restored in Meng Hua Lu is consistent with the tea set recorded in Tea Set Praise.
The complex tea set restored in Meng Hua Lu is consistent with the tea set recorded in Tea Set Praise.
8. Water transportation and sea transportation: trade prosperity
The first case in Meng Hua Lu is the fact that Qiantang county ordered the private opening of the sea ban for profit, and killed people to kill them, from which we can see the great benefits of overseas trade in the Song Dynasty. .
After the Song Dynasty unified the South, it began to pay attention to overseas trade. In order to "attract foreigners" and "goods from overseas", Emperor Taizong set up a trading company in Guangzhou in 971 A.D., which was the first following the Tang system. Later, he set up trading companies in Hangzhou and Mingzhou, which together with Guangzhou trading company were called "three companies", and it was the main foreign trade port in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, the import and export goods were banned, and huge profits were made through the forms of "extracting" and "buying and selling by officials". According to the literature, more than 530,000 elephants, rhinoceroses and jade fragrant medicines were imported into the imperial palace. In Zhiping, it has increased by another 100,000. " Overseas trade became an important source of financial revenue in the Northern Song Dynasty.
In addition to overseas trade, water transportation in Song Dynasty was also developed. From the Tang Dynasty, the imperial dynasties with the Central Plains as the axis relied on the supply of rice and other agricultural products in the Yangtze River and Huaihe River basins. By the Northern Song Dynasty, most of the rice needed by huge cities was transported from Jianghuai to Beijing via the Grand Canal. In the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, there are many kinds of ships moored or moving along the Bianhe River, such as tank ships, passenger ships, general cargo ships, cruise ships, passenger and cargo ships and small boats (miscellaneous ships) that do odd jobs. Zhou Bangyan, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, praised the prosperity of Bianjing in Biandu Fu, in which he also wrote: "So from Huai to the south, the country is admired, the people are lost, and the golden valley is rich." A long time goes by. Yue Yi Wu Yi, official ship Jiabo, Fujian and Chu languages, sails and rains. What’s the matter with the imagination? ? People are comfortable and comfortable, and the national tax should be festival. "
Water transport is also reflected in Meng Hua Lu. For example, when Zhao Paner went to Bianjing, he took a water boat.
Zhao Paner takes a Cao boat.
