分类： aa

On September 19th, the Information Office of the Ministry of Agriculture held a press conference on the Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Agricultural Producer Services (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions). Zhang Hongyu, director of the Department of Rural Economic System and Management of the Ministry of Agriculture, introduced the situation of agricultural producer services and answered questions from reporters. Xu Zhengbin, deputy inspector of the Department of Agricultural Economics of the National Development and Reform Commission, attended the conference.

The reporter learned from the press conference that in recent years, with the in-depth development of modern agriculture, the agricultural producer service industry has accelerated its development, and various service organizations have flourished, with the number exceeding 1.15 million. The service areas cover various industries such as planting, animal husbandry and fishery, and various service methods such as whole-process custody, farming and planting, and joint farming and planting have emerged.

"Who will plant the land" and "How to plant the land well"

Zhang Hongyu said that accelerating the development of agricultural producer services is of great strategic significance for promoting the development of moderate-scale operation and promoting the structural reform of agricultural supply side.

In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China’s industrialization and urbanization have been deeply promoted, and a large number of rural laborers have moved into cities. In 2016, the total number of migrant workers has reached 281 million. "Who will plant the land" and "How to plant the land well" have become a highly concerned issue of the whole society.

Under this background, the central government proposes to accelerate the development of various forms of moderate scale operation and give play to its leading role in modern agricultural construction. To this end, in 2014, the central government issued the Opinions on Guiding the Orderly Circulation of Rural Land Management Rights and Developing Moderate Scale Operation of Agriculture, in 2016, the Opinions on Improving the Separation Method of Rural Land Ownership, Contracting Rights and Management Rights, and this year, the Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Policy System and Cultivating New Agricultural Management Subjects. Starting with the reform of rural land system and management system, on the one hand, we will promote the transfer of land management rights, cultivate new agricultural management entities, realize centralized scale management of land, and solve the problem of "who will plant the land".

On the other hand, we should focus on developing agricultural productive services, cultivating new agricultural service subjects and realizing centralized scale operation of services to solve the problem of "how to plant good land".

In recent years, the accelerated development of agricultural producer services has played an increasingly important role in better introducing ordinary farmers into the development track of modern agriculture and building a modern agricultural industrial system, production system and management system. At the same time, because China’s agricultural producer service industry is still in the early stage of development, the problems of small service organizations and weak driving force for ordinary farmers are still outstanding, especially with the large reduction of rural labor force and the increasingly prominent aging phenomenon, there are more and more things that one household can’t do, can’t do well and can’t do well. It is urgent to speed up the cultivation of various service organizations and vigorously develop agricultural producer services for the majority of farmers.

"Who serves" and "How to serve well"

When answering a reporter’s question, Zhang Hongyu said that all kinds of new agricultural business entities have the function of providing services for farmers and themselves, but their positioning is different.

The new business entities of agriculture are diversified, with various forms of expression. Generally speaking, there are about four categories: the first category, 877,000 family farms. Secondly, there are now 1.93 million farmers’ cooperatives, including both production cooperatives and service cooperatives. In the third category, there are 417,000 industrialized management organizations, including 130,000 leading enterprises. The fourth category, 1.15 million social service organizations. In practice, these four subjects, on the one hand, directly engage in agricultural production and management, and also provide related services for others. Different subjects have different division of labor and orientation in modern agriculture, and family farms have clear property rights, clear boundaries and low transaction costs, which are most suitable for direct agricultural production activities. To help farmers, especially the disadvantaged farmers, cooperatives are a good organizational form, in which everyone can achieve win-win and common development. In order to promote the structural adjustment of agriculture and focus on the structural reform of supply side, especially to provide more high-end agricultural products, differentiated agricultural products and branded agricultural products that meet the consumption needs of urban and rural residents, it is necessary to cultivate and strengthen leading enterprises. The orientation of socialized service organizations is to provide all kinds of productive services and promote agricultural cost saving and efficiency improvement. Based on the functional orientation of different subjects, we should give full play to their respective comparative advantages, promote the diversified interaction, complementary functions and integrated development of all subjects, and lay a solid organizational foundation for promoting the development of agricultural producer services.

Regarding the service field of agricultural producer services, Zhang Hongyu said that agricultural producer services is a brand-new concept, and the Opinions focus on the whole agricultural industrial chain from the field to the dining table, covering all the related service contents of production links, and should become an independent and complete industry.

First, agricultural market information service. Including the trend of industrial development, price trend, structural adjustment, etc., ordinary farmers and new business entities are more concerned about these issues. Second, agricultural resources supply services. Including the supply of improved varieties, fertilizers and pesticides, and how seedlings and breeding animals can meet the needs of ordinary farmers and new business entities is the second big problem to be solved. Third, agricultural green production technical services. From the perspective of input and production process, we can no longer blindly increase input and only pursue output as in the past. What we are pursuing now is quality and green development, so production technology should focus on green development. Fourth, agricultural waste resource utilization services. With the development of agriculture today, environmental protection and waste disposal are very difficult issues. It used to be called harmless treatment of waste, but now it is called resource utilization. How to effectively solve the problem of resource utilization of agricultural wastes also requires us to provide effective services. Fifth, agricultural machinery operation and maintenance services. The use of agricultural machinery, including maintenance issues, has put forward more and more requirements from ordinary farmers and the vast number of new business entities. Now, from the perspective of agricultural machinery development, how to extend from grain, cotton and oil agricultural products to cash crops and from field crops to characteristic crops, including how to develop small agricultural machinery in hilly areas, mountainous areas and southern water network areas, are all in front of us. Therefore, agricultural machinery operations, including maintenance services, have become a very urgent problem in practice. Sixth, the primary processing service of agricultural products. For example, corn and wheat are harvested and simply processed into flour.Making rice from rice, these initial processing links, especially the storage and transportation links, including the use of cold chain facilities, have put forward many requirements in practice. Finally, agricultural products marketing services. China’s farmers are now very productive, but it is more difficult for ordinary farmers to sell them and sell them at a good price. Therefore, marketing services are very important. For example, how to help farmers to market and build relevant platforms so that the goods produced by farmers can flow smoothly is more urgent than the production links, and it needs the help of the government, including diversified service organizations.

Let ordinary farmers have a sense of gain

In response to a reporter’s question about what specific measures the NDRC has to support the development of agricultural producer services, Xu Zhengbin said that the NDRC has actively cooperated with the Ministry of Agriculture and combined with its own functions, mainly doing two things: First, strengthening support and guidance at the policy level. Since 2015, the National Development and Reform Commission has taken the lead in drafting documents such as Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of the Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Industries in Agriculture, Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Cold Chain Logistics to Ensure Food Safety and Promote Consumption Upgrade, and Outline for the Innovative Development of Service Industry (2017-2025), which clearly put forward that it is necessary to accelerate the development of agricultural producer services and enhance the service industry’s supporting and leading ability to transform agricultural development mode and accelerate the development of modern agriculture. The second is to increase support at the financial level. Strengthening the construction of agricultural science and technology service capacity is mainly to support the construction of local towns and villages, including regional grass-roots agricultural technology service system. Strengthen the construction of agricultural products circulation system and further increase the support for the construction of cold chain logistics system. Actively support the resource utilization of agricultural wastes, and support various professional service organizations to carry out the comprehensive utilization of sick and dead livestock, residual film and manure, including the "three residues" of agriculture and forestry. In the next step, the National Development and Reform Commission will actively combine the construction of relevant projects in the fields of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, including the formulation of relevant policies, and cooperate with the Ministry of Agriculture to further support and promote the development of agricultural producer services.

In response to a reporter’s question about how to respond to the demand of various new agricultural business entities, especially farmers, for agricultural productive services, Zhang Hongyu stressed that the purpose of the Opinions is to serve new agricultural business entities, especially ordinary farmers, and to persist in serving agricultural farmers and make them get benefits in the process of policy implementation.

In May this year, the Central Committee’s "Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Policy System and Cultivating New Agricultural Business Entities" clearly stated that relevant policies should not only focus on new business entities, but also focus on new business entities to drive ordinary farmers, help farmers, improve farmers and wealthy farmers. The 260 million farmers in China are the foundation of our country’s food security and the supply of important agricultural products. Don’t forget this group at any time. Therefore, in the process of issuing the Opinions, the guiding ideology, basic principles, relevant contents and work requirements all focus on serving ordinary farmers. It is clearly stated in the guiding ideology that ordinary farmers should be introduced into the development track of modern agriculture through producer services. One of the four principles is called service agriculture and farmers, and what kind of support should be given to ordinary farmers in seven service areas. In short, helping ordinary farmers, improving farmers and enriching farmers is the starting point of all policies and the starting point of issuing this document. In the next step, special emphasis should be placed on supporting ordinary farmers in the implementation of the document. In other words, modern agriculture can’t fall behind ordinary farmers, so ordinary farmers should have a sense of gain, participation and promotion to achieve the goal of common prosperity. (Reporter Hu Ranran)

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, May 14th　Title: Let Silk Road Spirit Light up the Sky of Dreams — — Sidelights on the Welcome Dinner of the "Belt and Road" International Cooperation Summit Forum

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Tan Jingjing, Bai Jie and Wu Mengda

　　“‘ Belt and Road ’ Construction carries our yearning for a better life, which will condense the dreams of every country and every people into a common aspiration, turn ideals into reality and make people happy and healthy. "

　　14日，北京这座古老与现代交相辉映的国际化大都市，又一次汇聚全世界的目光。

　　当晚，国家主席最高领袖和夫人彭丽媛在人民大会堂举行宴会，欢迎出席“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的外方代表团团长及嘉宾。

　　这是“一带一路”倡议自2013年提出以来召开的层级最高、规模最大的国际会议。与会代表齐聚丝绸之路的始发地中国，向历史致敬，朝未来进发，在全球发展的激扬跌宕处开启大道之行。

　　夏日的傍晚，微风徐徐。金色夕照中，人民大会堂显得分外巍峨。

　　晚6时许，出席高峰论坛领导人圆桌峰会、高级别会议的嘉宾国政要和国际组织负责人及配偶相继抵达。

　　在大会堂二层的巨幅国画《江山如此多娇》前，最高领袖和彭丽媛热情迎候，与贵宾一一握手，互致问候，并合影留念。

　　伴随着悠扬欢快的迎宾曲，最高领袖和彭丽媛同贵宾们步入宴会厅。可容纳近千人的宴会厅灯火辉煌、壮丽恢弘。位于大厅正前方的主席台上放置着巨大的“‘一带一路’国际合作高峰论坛”黄色背景板。台侧鲜花吐艳、绿植滴翠。

　　“我们正走在一条充满希望的道路上。我相信，只要我们相向而行，心连心，不后退，不停步，我们终能迎来路路相连、美美与共的那一天。我相信，我们的事业会像古丝绸之路一样流传久远、泽被后代。”最高领袖在致辞中说。

　　2000多年前，怀着友好交往朴素愿望的先辈们开辟了古丝绸之路，开启了人类文明史上的大交流时代。如今，曾带给沿线国家繁荣与兴盛的古丝绸之路，在共商共建共享精神指引下，正不断孕育新的合作成果，重新焕发勃勃生机。

　　宴会后，最高领袖和彭丽媛同贵宾们一同前往国家大剧院观看文艺晚会。

　　矗立水畔的国家大剧院，宛若一颗“明珠”，在灯光照射下晶莹剔透，如梦如幻。不远处是有着数百年历史的故宫，碧瓦朱墙，飞檐翘角。二者交相辉映，古都北京的悠久文明与现代气息融为一体，构成一幅瑰丽画卷。

　　大气磅礴的歌舞“千年之约”拉开了晚会序幕——

　　舞台瞬间幻化为敦煌莫高窟的立体壁画，洞窟内的仙女反弹琵琶，大唐盛世钟乐齐鸣，全息影像中的仙女曼妙飞天……观众沉醉在美妙而梦幻的丝路世界中，仿佛回到了昔日丝绸之路的重镇敦煌，听到了悠远的驼铃声。

　　It’s exciting to surf the sea. "Blue Sea and Elegant Rhyme" perfectly combines folk music, symphony and characteristic percussion music, and demonstrates the magnificent voyage of ancient merchant ships from the southeast coast of China along the Maritime Silk Road, through Indochina Peninsula, through the Indian Ocean, into the Red Sea, and finally to Central Africa and Europe.

　　The dazzling light and shadow and exciting music present the past, present and future of the Silk Road on land and the Silk Road on the sea to the world, showing the profound history and culture of China and the Silk Road spirit with peaceful cooperation, openness and tolerance, mutual learning and mutual benefit as its core.

　　"Four Seasons in Beijing" skillfully combines pleasant piano playing with spring, summer, autumn and winter depicted by oil painting, watercolor painting, meticulous painting and Chinese painting. In the romantic and elegant piano music of Liszt’s Dream of Love, the setting sun, the Forbidden City, the folk hutong, the red leaves of the Summer Palace and the Great Wall in the snow are superimposed one by one, showing the beauty of Beijing.

　　This is a feast of blending Chinese and western cultures — —

　　The ballet "Ink Silk Language" tells the story of a distant visitor meeting a group of elegant girls in the misty rain south of the Yangtze River, conveying the good wishes of Chinese and foreign people to know each other and get close; Male and female voices deeply interpret China’s classic song "I Love You China" and Italian folk song "My Sun". The beautiful harmony is intoxicating, just like the "Belt and Road" connecting the East and the West, composing a friendship movement of cultural blending.

　　At the end of the performance, children from more than 30 countries along the "Belt and Road" joined hands with China children to sing a song "Ode to Peace for a Common Home". The hall echoed with the sounds of nature, and the vast universe and blue earth were projected on the 3D screen, presenting our beautiful home.

　　This is not only an ode to friendship and world peace, but also a tribute to the community of human destiny.

　　Anton, an 8-year-old boy from Belarus, is the youngest actor in the audience. "This is my first time on stage with friends from so many countries, and I will always remember ‘ Belt and Road ’ 。”

　　Time flies, things change. Crossing the starry sky of history, the ancient Silk Road is full of new vitality of the times. As the Chairman of the Supreme Leader said, it is a continuation of the historical trend and a correct choice for the future that we inherit the spirit of the ancient Silk Road and discuss the construction of the Belt and Road.

　　Tomorrow, Chinese and foreign leaders will continue to discuss the construction plan of the "Belt and Road" and draw a beautiful blueprint for mutually beneficial cooperation. The "Belt and Road" construction, which carries the people of all countries’ longing for exchanges, looking forward to peace and pursuing development, is standing at a new starting point and starting a new journey of building a community of human destiny.

In the digital age, mobile phone traffic has become an indispensable part of our daily life. However, for many users, the charging method after the traffic exceeds the package limit is a relatively vague concept. This paper will analyze the charging mechanism of mobile phone traffic in detail to help you better understand and control your traffic consumption.

First of all, we need to be clear that different mobile phone operators may have different charging methods after the traffic exceeds. Generally speaking, there are mainly the following charging modes:

* * 1. Charge according to the standard tariff outside the package * *

This is the most common billing method. Once the user’s traffic exceeds the package limit, the operator will charge at a fixed price per MB or GB. For example, an operator may stipulate that the excess traffic is charged at 0.29 yuan /MB. Therefore, after users exceed the traffic, the amount they need to pay will be directly proportional to the amount of excess traffic they use.

* * II. Step-by-step billing * *

Different from charging according to the standard tariff outside the package, under the step-by-step charging method, the cost beyond the flow will change according to the different usage. For example, the first 100MB of excess traffic may be charged at a higher price, while the part beyond 100MB may be charged at a lower price. This billing method aims to encourage users to use traffic reasonably and avoid unnecessary waste.

* * Third, there is no charge for speed limit * *

When the user’s traffic exceeds the package limit, some operators will adopt the strategy of speed limit and no charge. That is, users’ internet access speed will be limited, but no extra fees will be charged. Although this method will not affect users’ normal call and SMS functions, it will reduce the online experience, especially in application scenarios that need high-speed network support.

* * IV. Flow refueling package * *

In order to meet the needs of users to temporarily increase traffic, some operators also provide traffic refueling package services. Users can order fuel packs when the traffic is insufficient to obtain additional traffic resources. The advantage of this method is that users can flexibly choose the traffic quota according to their own needs and avoid unnecessary waste.

After understanding these charging methods, we need to pay attention to some usage details. First of all, we should always pay attention to our own traffic usage and avoid unnecessary traffic waste. Secondly, when the traffic is about to run out, we can consider shutting down some unnecessary network applications or functions to save traffic. Finally, when it is necessary to temporarily increase the flow, priority can be given to ordering the flow refueling package to avoid the high cost caused by exceeding the package limit.

Generally speaking, there are various charging methods after mobile phone traffic is exceeded. Users should fully understand the characteristics and applicable scenarios of various charging methods when choosing a package, so as to better control their traffic consumption.

Adapted from a real event, the hero’s tenderness is touching.

　　The story of "Scared Sand" took place in 1937. Qin Jiwei, the general of our army, led a 300-man team against the enemy’s 7,000-man cavalry, and successfully broke through after defending the city for three days. This film is the first film to expose the hard-fought course of the Red Army’s West Route Army. The soldiers persisted in the struggle when the supply was extremely scarce. When they ran out of bullets, they rushed at the enemy with broadswords, and the final outcome was even more tragic. Except for the hero, all the other characters died heroically.

　　When heroes also have tenderness, the emotional portrayal of each character in the film is in place. When her sister Gui Fang was about to be captured by the enemy, first hero Qin Jiwei resolutely shot and killed the brave Red Army woman warrior in order to make her sister not be insulted. Gui Fang’s husband, Lao Han, witnessed the moment of his wife’s sacrifice, and was hit hard. First, he was depressed, and then he killed the prisoners to vent his anger without authorization. He also argued with Qin Jiwei about this matter. The feelings that they had suppressed for a long time in the war were released at this moment, which was really touching.

Guiding opinions of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the State Health and Wellness Commission and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine on deepening the reform of the title system of health professionals and technicians
No.51 [2021] issued by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security

Provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Human Resources and Social Security Department (bureau), Health and Wellness Committee, Chinese Medicine Bureau, the State Council ministries and commissions, personnel departments of institutions directly under the Central Military Commission, cadre bureau of the Political Work Department, and relevant central enterprise personnel departments:

Health professionals are an important part of China’s professional and technical personnel, and they are the backbone of implementing the healthy China strategy in the new era. In order to implement the requirements of "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Personnel Development System and Mechanism" of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Professional Title System" of General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council, we hereby put forward the following guiding opinions on deepening the reform of professional title system of health professionals.

I. General requirements

(A) the guiding ideology

Guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, we will fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth Plenary Sessions of the 19th National Congress, adhere to the health and wellness work policy in the new era, follow the characteristics of the health industry and the law of talent growth, take the promotion of talent development as the goal, take scientific evaluation as the core, and take moral ability and performance as the guidance, so as to provide institutional guarantee for scientific, objective and fair evaluation of health professionals and technical personnel, and provide talent support for the implementation of the healthy China strategy.

(2) Basic principles

1. Insist on having both ability and political integrity and putting morality first. Put medical ethics first in talent evaluation, give full play to the role of "baton" in professional title evaluation, and encourage health professional and technical personnel to study medical skills, carry forward medical ethics and correct medical style.

2. Adhere to practice orientation and scientific evaluation. Scientifically set evaluation standards, highlight the performance orientation of practical ability, get rid of the tendency of focusing only on papers, academic qualifications, awards and "hats", and encourage health professionals to take root in the front line of disease prevention and treatment.

3. Adhere to user-oriented and service development. China strategy of making good use of living talents, promoting the combination of talent evaluation and use, meeting the needs of all kinds of employers in selecting talents, and serving the people’s health and health.

Second, the main content

(A) improve the evaluation system

1. Clear titles at all levels. The titles of health professional and technical personnel are junior, intermediate and senior. The junior level is divided into division level and division level, and the senior level is divided into deputy senior and full senior. The professional titles of health professionals are divided into four professional categories: medicine, medicine, nursing and technology. The titles of medical titles at all levels are: healer, physician, attending physician, deputy chief physician and chief physician; The titles of pharmaceutical titles at all levels are: pharmacist, pharmacist, chief pharmacist, deputy chief pharmacist and chief pharmacist; The professional titles of nursing at all levels are: nurse, nurse, chief nurse, deputy chief nurse and chief nurse; The titles of technical titles at all levels are: Technician, Technician, Chief Technician, Deputy Chief Technician and Chief Technician.

2. Promote the effective connection between the health title system and the vocational qualification system. In accordance with the "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Medical Practitioners Law" and "Nurses Regulations", taking the qualification examination for doctors and nurses and obtaining the qualification of practicing assistant doctors can be regarded as obtaining the title of healer; Obtaining the qualification of practicing doctor can be regarded as obtaining the title of doctor; Obtaining the qualification of nurse practice can be regarded as obtaining the title of nurse. In accordance with the "Chinese Medicine Law", to participate in the examination of the qualifications of Chinese medicine doctors with expertise and obtain the qualifications of Chinese medicine (expertise) doctors can be regarded as obtaining the title of doctor.

3. Dynamically adjust professional settings. Focusing on the needs of the development of health undertakings and the development of medical disciplines, we should dynamically adjust the technical qualification examination or professional title evaluation of health professionals, and make a good connection with medical education. The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the National Health and Wellness Commission are responsible for adjusting the technical qualification examinations for primary and secondary health professionals. Provincial human resources and social security departments, health and health departments can adjust the professional evaluation of senior professional titles according to the actual situation.

(B) improve the evaluation criteria

1. Pay attention to medical ethics assessment. Strengthen the evaluation of medical ethics and professional behavior, and take the performance of medical staff in major natural disasters or public health emergencies as an important content of medical ethics assessment. The employer shall establish and improve the examination system of medical ethics, and take advantage of his position to ask for, illegally accept property or seek other illegitimate interests into the scope of examination. We will improve the disciplinary mechanism of good faith commitment and dishonesty, implement the "one-vote veto system" for academic fraud, and revoke all titles obtained through fraud, black-box operation and other violations.

2. Establish and improve the evaluation index of clinical doctors’ practice ability. The working hours of outpatient service, the number of patients admitted and the number of operations are used as reporting conditions; The coverage of diagnosis and treatment of diseases, coverage of operation or operation, number of cases of single disease diagnosis and treatment, average length of stay, average cost per time and number of complications are taken as important indicators to scientifically and accurately evaluate the practicing ability and level of clinicians. Strengthen the medical record as the evaluation carrier, and adopt the method of combining random sampling with individual provision to strengthen the evaluation of the clinical practice ability through a certain number of medical records. Explore the introduction of patients’ evaluation indicators for doctors.

3. Highlight the evaluation of performance level and actual contribution. In view of the practical characteristics of the health industry, the quantity and quality of business work are emphatically evaluated. The evaluation criteria for public health doctors shall be formulated separately, focusing on the ability of public health field disposal, formulation of technical specifications and standard guidelines, health education and popular science, evidence-based decision-making, and completion of basic public health services. Focus on the inspection of Chinese medicine personnel’s ability to master the classical theory of Chinese medicine, the ability to use Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment methods, the use of Chinese medicine prescriptions and the situation of teachers and apprentices.

4. Get rid of the tendency of focusing only on papers, academic qualifications, awards and "hats". Papers, scientific research projects, awards, study experience abroad (leaving the country), doctoral degrees, etc. are not necessary conditions for declaration. Scientific and reasonable treatment of papers, in all aspects of job title evaluation and post appointment, the number of papers and SCI (scientific citation index) and other related indicators should not be used as preconditions and direct basis for evaluation. Papers published in domestic and foreign journals should be treated equally, and more achievements should be encouraged to be published in influential domestic journals. The honorary title of talents shall not be directly linked to the evaluation of professional titles.

5. Implement the representative work system. Clinical medical records, surgical videos, nursing cases, epidemiological investigation reports, emergency response reports, papers, health standards, technical specifications, popular science works, technical patents, and transformation of scientific research achievements can all be evaluated as representative achievements.

6 the implementation of national standards, regional standards and unit standards. The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the National Health and Wellness Commission and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine are responsible for formulating the Basic Standards for the Evaluation of Professional Titles of Health Professionals (attached). Regional human resources and social security departments, health departments, and competent departments of traditional Chinese medicine may formulate regional standards according to local conditions. Units with the right of independent evaluation may formulate unit standards according to their actual conditions. In principle, the application conditions, regional standards and unit standards shall not be lower than the national standards, and the evaluation conditions shall be determined by local units within the framework of national standards.

(C) innovative evaluation mechanism

1. Improve the evaluation method of professional titles. The middle and junior professional titles will continue to be evaluated by examination, and the examination will be organized in a unified way throughout the country. The majors that have been unified in examination will no longer be evaluated or identified with corresponding professional titles, and the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) can determine the employment standards in their respective regions by the human resources and social security department in conjunction with the health department. In principle, associate senior professional titles should be combined with examination and evaluation, while associate senior professional titles can be combined with examination and evaluation, or combined with defense and evaluation, so as to establish and improve the industry evaluation mechanism based on peer expert evaluation. The specific measures shall be determined by the provincial human resources and social security department in conjunction with the health department.

2. Smooth the evaluation channels of professional titles. Social medical and health professionals enjoy the same treatment as public medical institutions in the declaration and evaluation of professional titles, and are not restricted by household registration, personnel files and different medical subjects. All kinds of health professional and technical personnel in public medical and health institutions enjoy equal treatment in the declaration and evaluation of professional titles. Health professionals and technicians from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan who are employed in the Mainland, as well as foreigners who hold permanent residence permits for foreigners or residence permits for overseas high-level talents issued by various places, may participate in the evaluation of professional titles as required.

3. Improve the informatization level of professional titles. Make full use of the information system of medical and health institutions to collect data on the workload, medical records, performance appraisal and working hours of health professional and technical personnel as an important basis for professional title evaluation. Encourage qualified areas to actively use information technology to carry out job title declaration, job title evaluation, certificate inquiry and verification. The results of the technical qualification examination for primary and secondary health professionals and the evaluation of senior professional titles are included in the electronic registration information system for medical institutions, doctors and nurses.

(D) Promote the combination of evaluation and use.

1. Reasonably determine the evaluation and employment mode. All localities fully consider the existing evaluation and employment model and the actual needs of health professionals and technicians, maintain policy continuity, and determine the connection between evaluation and employment of medical and health institutions.

2. Implement the employer’s autonomy. The employing unit rationally uses health professional and technical personnel according to the evaluation results of professional titles, and realizes the connection between the evaluation results of professional titles and post employment, assessment and promotion. Improve the assessment system of employment period, strengthen post-employment management, and realize the promotion and demotion of personnel in post employment.

3. Optimize the proportion of post structure. According to the development of health care, discipline construction and local reality, we should set up professional and technical posts scientifically, reasonably and dynamically, reasonably increase the proportion of middle and senior posts in medical institutions, especially primary medical and health institutions, and broaden the career development space of medical staff.

(5) Encourage talents to flow to hard and remote areas and grassroots front lines.

1. Improve the evaluation criteria at the grass-roots level. Doctors and nurses who work in township hospitals and community health service institutions can take the intermediate health professional and technical qualification examination of the corresponding profession one year in advance. Bachelor degree or above, qualified by the standardized training of general practitioners and working in primary medical and health institutions, can directly participate in the intermediate title examination of general practitioners, and directly appoint intermediate titles after passing the examination. There is no requirement for papers, scientific research and professional titles of primary health professionals in foreign languages, and the focus is on evaluating the ability and level of primary medical services. For health professional and technical personnel who have served at the grass-roots level for a long time, have outstanding performance and outstanding performance, the academic requirements may be appropriately relaxed, and priority shall be given to evaluation and employment under the same conditions. The specific evaluation criteria for primary health professionals can be applied to the Guiding Opinions of the National Health and Family Planning Commission of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security on Further Reforming and Improving the Evaluation of Professional Titles of Primary Health Professionals (No.94 [2015] of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security).

2. Improve the evaluation method. All localities can set up a grass-roots professional title evaluation committee or evaluation group separately to implement "targeted evaluation and targeted use" for health professional and technical personnel in hard and remote areas and grass-roots front lines, and the obtained professional titles are limited to hard and remote areas or grass-roots units.

3. Implement the service grass-roots system. Medical practitioners who are promoted to deputy senior titles shall have accumulated more than one year’s experience in providing medical and health services in medical and health institutions below the county level or with counterpart support. Foreign aid, aid to Tibet, aid to Xinjiang, aid to youth and other health professional and technical personnel who have performed well in handling major public health emergencies shall be given priority in evaluation and employment under the same conditions.

(six) improve the service mode of professional title management.

1. Promote the improvement of industry management. The human resources and social security department, together with the health department, is responsible for the formulation, organization, implementation, supervision and inspection of health professional title policies. The evaluation committee for senior titles of health series established by various departments, central enterprises and national trade associations in the State Council shall be approved and put on record by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security after consulting the opinions of the National Health and Wellness Commission, and the evaluation criteria shall be reported to the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the National Health and Wellness Commission for the record. If it is really necessary for other employers, such as affiliated hospitals of colleges and universities, to set up a health series senior title evaluation committee, the evaluation committee shall, in accordance with the management authority of title evaluation, be approved and put on record by the human resources and social security department at or above the provincial level after soliciting the opinions of the health department, and the evaluation standard shall be reported to the human resources and social security department at or above the provincial level and the health department for the record.

2. Decentralize the evaluation authority of professional titles. On the premise of ensuring the evaluation quality, scientifically define and reasonably delegate the title evaluation right of health professional and technical personnel. Three-level hospitals (including Chinese medicine hospitals) and provincial disease prevention and control institutions with high medical level, strong technical ability, perfect personnel management, and willingness to make independent evaluation can carry out independent evaluation of senior professional titles on a pilot basis. The evaluation committee shall, according to the management authority of professional title evaluation, be approved and put on record by the human resources and social security department at or above the provincial level after consulting the health department, and the evaluation standard shall be reported to the human resources and social security department at or above the provincial level and the health department for the record. Actively play the role of professional talent service institutions, industry associations and other organizations in the evaluation of professional titles and the formulation of evaluation standards.

3. Strengthen the whole process supervision. Improve the selection mechanism of evaluation experts, strengthen the construction of evaluation expert database, and implement the avoidance system of professional title evaluation. Improve the working procedures and evaluation rules of the professional title evaluation Committee and the professional title evaluation office, seriously evaluate the discipline, and clarify the responsibilities of staff and evaluation experts. The implementation of the title evaluation system of openness and publicity, the implementation of open policies, open standards, open procedures, open results. Establish the inspection system of professional title evaluation, establish the accountability mechanism of review, complaint and investigation, strengthen the supervision of independent evaluation units, and withdraw the evaluation right if it cannot correctly exercise the evaluation right and ensure the evaluation quality.

Third, organize the implementation

(1) Raise awareness and strengthen leadership. The reform of professional title system involves the vital interests of the majority of health professional and technical personnel, with strong policy, wide coverage, complexity and sensitivity. All localities should attach great importance to it, earnestly strengthen leadership, clarify work responsibilities, and ensure the smooth progress of reform.

(2) Carefully organize and proceed steadily and cautiously. All levels of human resources and social security departments, health departments, and Chinese medicine departments should carefully organize and closely cooperate with each other, do a solid job in implementing various reform measures in light of local conditions, conscientiously sum up experience, promptly solve new situations and problems arising in the reform, and properly handle the relationship between reform, development and stability.

(3) Strengthen publicity and create an environment. All localities should thoroughly publicize and interpret the title policy, respond to social concerns in a timely manner, guide public opinion, and create a good atmosphere conducive to the reform of the title system for health professionals and technicians.

This opinion is applicable to the health professional and technical personnel of various medical and health institutions at all levels. The army can formulate specific measures for the evaluation of professional titles of health professionals with reference to this opinion.

Attachment: Basic Criteria for Professional Title Evaluation of Health Professionals

Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security
National Health Commission
State administration of traditional Chinese medicine
June 30, 2021

attachment

Basic standards for professional title evaluation of health professional and technical personnel

1. Abide by the national constitution and laws, implement the policy of health and health work in the new era, consciously practice the professional spirit of "respecting life, saving lives, being willing to contribute, and loving the country without borders", and have good political quality, teamwork spirit, professionalism and medical ethics.

Two, physical and mental health, good psychological quality, can fully perform their duties.

Three, health professional and technical personnel to declare medical and nursing titles, should obtain the corresponding professional qualifications, and registered in accordance with the provisions, to obtain the corresponding practice certificate.

Four, health professional and technical personnel to declare titles at all levels, in addition to the above basic conditions, should also meet the following conditions.

(1) Junior professional titles

Physician (division): Taking the doctor qualification examination in accordance with the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Medical Practitioners and obtaining the qualification of practicing assistant doctor can be regarded as obtaining the title of physician; Obtaining the qualification of practicing doctor can be regarded as obtaining the title of doctor. In accordance with the "Chinese Medicine Law", to participate in the examination of the qualifications of Chinese medicine doctors with expertise and obtain the qualifications of Chinese medicine (expertise) doctors can be regarded as obtaining the title of doctor.

Nurse (division): Taking the nurse qualification examination in accordance with the Nurses Regulations and obtaining the nurse qualification can be regarded as obtaining the title of nurse; Have a bachelor’s degree or above, or a bachelor’s degree or above, and have been engaged in nursing practice for one year, you can directly hire the title of nurse. Have a college degree and have been engaged in nursing practice for 3 years; Or have a secondary school education, engaged in nursing practice for 5 years, can participate in the qualification examination of nursing teachers.

Pharmacist (Technician): With the corresponding professional secondary school or junior college education, you can take the qualification examination for Pharmacist (Technician).

Pharmacist (technician): Master’s degree in corresponding major; Or have a bachelor’s degree or bachelor’s degree in the corresponding major, and have been engaged in this major for 1 year; Or have a corresponding professional college degree, engaged in the professional work for 3 years; Or have the corresponding professional technical secondary school education, obtain the title of pharmacy (technician), and have worked in this profession for 5 years, and can take the qualification examination of pharmacy (technician).

(2) Intermediate titles

The intermediate title of health professional and technical personnel shall be subject to the national unified examination system. Have the corresponding professional qualifications, and meet the following conditions, can sign up for the exam:

Attending physician in clinical, oral and traditional Chinese medicine categories: with a doctoral degree and a certificate of standardized training for residents; Or have a master’s degree and have been engaged in medical practice for 2 years after obtaining the certificate of standardized training for residents; Or have a bachelor’s degree or bachelor’s degree, and have been engaged in medical practice for 2 years after obtaining the certificate of standardized training for residents; Or have a bachelor’s degree or bachelor’s degree, and have been engaged in medical practice for 4 years after being registered as a medical practitioner; Or have a college degree and have been engaged in medical practice for 6 years after being registered as a medical practitioner; Or have a secondary school education, and have been engaged in medical practice for 7 years after being registered as a medical practitioner.

Chief physician of public health category: having a doctor’s degree and engaging in public health practice after being registered as a practicing physician; Or have a master’s degree and have been engaged in public health practice for 2 years after being registered as a medical practitioner; Or have a bachelor’s degree or bachelor’s degree, and have been engaged in public health practice for 4 years after being registered as a medical practitioner; Or have a college degree and have been engaged in public health practice for 6 years after being registered as a medical practitioner; Or have a secondary school education, and have been engaged in public health practice for 7 years after being registered as a medical practitioner.

Nurse in charge: having a doctor’s degree and registered to engage in nursing practice; Or have a master’s degree and engaged in nursing practice for 2 years after registration; Or have a bachelor’s degree or bachelor’s degree, and have been engaged in nursing practice for 4 years after being registered and obtaining the title of nurse; Or have a college degree, and have been engaged in nursing practice for 6 years after being registered and obtaining the title of nurse; Or have a secondary school education, registered and obtained the title of nurse, and have been engaged in nursing practice for 7 years.

Pharmacist (technician) in charge: with a doctorate; Or have a master’s degree, obtained the title of pharmaceutical (technical) teacher, engaged in this professional work for 2 years; Or have a bachelor’s degree or bachelor’s degree, and have been engaged in this major for 4 years after obtaining the title of pharmaceutical (technical) teacher; Or have a college degree, obtained the title of pharmaceutical (technical) teacher, engaged in this professional work for 6 years; Or have a secondary school education, obtained the title of pharmaceutical (technical) teacher, engaged in this professional work for 7 years.

(3) Deputy Senior Professional Title

1. Deputy Chief Physician

(1) Application conditions: academic qualifications, qualifications and clinical workload requirements.

Have a bachelor’s degree or above, or a bachelor’s degree or above, and have been employed as an attending (supervisor) doctor for 5 years; Or have a college degree, work in grassroots medical and health institutions at or below the county level, and have been employed as an attending (supervisor) doctor for 7 years.

Complete the specified work quantity requirements (see Table 1 for details).

(2) Evaluation conditions: professional ability requirements

Clinical, Oral and Traditional Chinese Medicine categories: master the basic theory and professional knowledge of this major, be familiar with the current situation and development trend of this major at home and abroad, constantly absorb new theories, new knowledge and new technologies and apply them to medical practice, and be familiar with the relevant laws, regulations, standards and technical specifications of this major. Have rich working experience in this major, be able to treat critically ill patients skillfully and correctly, and have the ability to guide junior doctors in this major. Strengthen the medical records as the evaluation carrier, and provide 5-10 medical records of rescue, death or difficult cases which can reflect the professional and technical level of the applicant by combining random sampling with personal provision, so as to strengthen the evaluation of clinical doctors’ professional ability.

Based on the data of the first page of medical records, the professional ability and level of doctors are scientifically and accurately evaluated from four dimensions: technical ability, quality and safety, resource utilization and patient management, using the indicators such as the scope and number of diseases to be diagnosed and treated, the level and number of operations, the incidence of postoperative complications, the average length of stay of a single disease and the average cost of a single disease. Among them, the specialty of Chinese medicine should also evaluate the ability and level of Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment of Chinese medicine doctors based on the data on the first page of Chinese medicine medical records, focusing on the proportion of discharged patients who are mainly treated by Chinese medicine, the prescription ratio of Chinese medicine pieces, the number of patients with difficult and critical diseases treated by Chinese medicine, and the utilization rate of non-drug therapy of Chinese medicine. See attached table 2 for specific indicators.

Public health category: master the basic theory and professional knowledge of this major, be familiar with the current situation and development trend of this major at home and abroad, constantly absorb new theories, new knowledge and new technologies and popularize them, and be familiar with the laws, regulations, standards and technical specifications related to this major. Have rich working experience in this major, be able to solve complex or major technical problems independently, and have the ability to guide junior doctors in this major.

Based on the business work involved, it focuses on the assessment of public health field ability, planning ability, technical specifications and standard guidelines, business management technical report writing ability, health education and popular science ability, evidence-based decision-making ability, professional technical achievements output, scientific research and teaching ability, and the ability to complete basic public health service projects, including field epidemiological investigation report, disease and health hazard factor monitoring (analysis and early warning) report, public health emergency response plan and risk assessment report, and business work.

2. Deputy Director Nurse

(1) Application conditions: academic qualifications, qualifications and clinical workload requirements.

Have a bachelor’s degree or above, or a bachelor’s degree or above, and have been employed as a supervisor nurse for 5 years; Or have a college degree and have been employed as a supervisor nurse for 7 years.

As a competent nurse, he participated in clinical nursing, nursing management and nursing teaching for an average of not less than 40 weeks each year, and there were not less than 480 records of responsible nurses and quality control nurses on the first page of medical records (emergency, severe, operating room, hemodialysis, catheter room and other departments extracted nurse records from corresponding records).

(2) Evaluation conditions: professional ability requirements

Proficient in the basic theory and professional knowledge of this major, familiar with the current situation and development trend of this major at home and abroad, constantly absorbing new theories, new knowledge and new technologies and popularizing them, and familiar with the relevant laws, regulations, standards and technical specifications of this major. Can correctly carry out clinical nursing work according to nursing procedures, master the nursing points and treatment principles of patients in this specialty, and skillfully cooperate with doctors to rescue critically ill patients in this specialty. Have the ability to guide junior nursing staff in this major.

3. Deputy Director Pharmacist

(1) Application conditions: academic qualifications, qualifications and clinical workload requirements.

Have a bachelor’s degree or above or a bachelor’s degree or above, and have been employed as a pharmacist in charge for 5 years; Or have a college degree and have been employed as a pharmacist in charge for 7 years.

During his tenure as a pharmacist in charge, he participated in the pharmaceutical profession for an average of not less than 40 weeks each year.

(2) Evaluation conditions: professional ability requirements

Familiar with the basic theory and professional knowledge of this major; Familiar with the current situation and development trend of this major at home and abroad, constantly absorb new theories, new knowledge and new technologies and popularize them. Familiar with the laws, regulations, standards and technical specifications related to this major. Can participate in the formulation of drug treatment plans, make accurate analysis of clinical drug use results, find and deal with all kinds of unreasonable drug use phenomena in prescriptions and doctor’s orders in time, and put forward opinions on clinical drug use adjustment in time. Have the ability to guide junior pharmacists. Among them, the specialty of Chinese medicine should also have the ability of Chinese medicine pharmacy service such as acceptance, storage, dispensing, preparation and decoction, and can provide consulting services for Chinese medicine, and have the ability to comment on Chinese medicine prescriptions and provide suggestions for rational use of Chinese medicine.

4. Deputy Chief Technician

(1) Application conditions: academic qualifications, qualifications and clinical workload requirements.

Have a bachelor’s degree or above, or a bachelor’s degree or above, and have been employed as a competent technician for 5 years; Or have a college degree and have been employed as a competent technician for 7 years.

As a competent technician, the average annual working time in this major is not less than 40 weeks.

(2) Evaluation conditions: professional ability requirements

Proficient in the basic theory and professional knowledge of this major, familiar with the current situation and development trend of this major at home and abroad, constantly absorbing new theories, new knowledge and new technologies and popularizing them, and familiar with the relevant laws, regulations, standards and technical specifications of this major. Have rich working experience in this major, can independently solve complex or major technical problems, and have the ability to guide junior technicians in this major.

(4) Full and senior professional titles

1. Chief physician

(1) Application conditions: academic qualifications, qualifications and clinical workload requirements.

Have a bachelor’s degree or above, or a bachelor’s degree or above, and have been employed as deputy chief physician for 5 years.

Complete the specified work quantity requirements (see Table 1 for details).

(2) Evaluation conditions: professional ability requirements

Clinical, stomatological and TCM categories: on the basis of having the required level of deputy chief physician, systematically master the basic theoretical knowledge and technology in a certain field of this major, and have some expertise. In-depth understanding of the current situation and development trend of this major at home and abroad, constantly absorbing new theories, new knowledge and new technologies and applying them to medical practice. Have rich working experience in this major, be able to solve complex or major technical problems independently, and have the ability to guide junior doctors in this major. Strengthen the medical records as the evaluation carrier, and provide 5-10 medical records of rescue, death or difficult cases which can reflect the professional and technical level of the applicant by combining random sampling with personal provision, so as to strengthen the evaluation of clinical doctors’ professional ability.

Based on the data of the first page of medical records, the professional ability and level of doctors are scientifically and accurately evaluated from four dimensions: technical ability, quality and safety, resource utilization and patient management, using the indicators such as the scope and number of diseases to be diagnosed and treated, the level and number of operations, the incidence of postoperative complications, the average length of stay of a single disease and the average cost of a single disease. Among them, the specialty of Chinese medicine should also evaluate the ability and level of Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment of Chinese medicine doctors based on the data on the first page of Chinese medicine medical records, focusing on the proportion of discharged patients who are mainly treated by Chinese medicine, the prescription ratio of Chinese medicine pieces, the number of patients with difficult and critical diseases treated by Chinese medicine, and the utilization rate of non-drug therapy of Chinese medicine. See attached table 2 for specific indicators.

Public health category: on the basis of having the required level of deputy chief physician, systematically master the basic theoretical knowledge and technology in a certain field of this major, and have some expertise. In-depth understanding of the current situation and development trend of this major at home and abroad, constantly absorbing new theories, new knowledge and new technologies and applying them to practice. Have rich working experience in this major, be able to solve complex or major technical problems independently, and have the ability to guide junior doctors in this major.

Based on the business work involved, it focuses on the assessment of public health field ability, planning ability, technical specifications and standard guidelines, business management technical report writing ability, health education and popular science ability, evidence-based decision-making ability, professional technical achievements output, scientific research and teaching ability, and the ability to complete basic public health service projects, including field epidemiological investigation report, disease and health hazard factor monitoring (analysis and early warning) report, public health emergency response plan and risk assessment report, and business work.

2. Chief nurse

(1) Application conditions: academic qualifications, qualifications and clinical workload requirements.

Have a bachelor’s degree or above, or a bachelor’s degree or above, and have been employed as a deputy director nurse for 5 years.

As a deputy director of the nurse, he participated in clinical nursing, nursing management and nursing teaching for an average of not less than 35 weeks each year, and there were not less than 240 records of responsible nurses and quality control nurses on the first page of medical records (emergency, severe, operating room, hemodialysis, catheter room and other departments extracted nurse records from corresponding records).

(2) Evaluation conditions: professional ability requirements

On the basis of having the required level of deputy director nurses, I am proficient in the basic theoretical knowledge and skills of a nursing specialty and have some expertise. In-depth understanding of the current situation and development trend of this major at home and abroad, constantly absorbing new theories, new knowledge and new technologies and applying them to clinical practice. Have rich working experience in this major, can independently solve complex or major technical problems, and have the ability to guide junior nursing staff in this major.

3. Chief Pharmacist

(1) Application conditions: academic qualifications, qualifications and clinical workload requirements.

Have a bachelor’s degree or above, or a bachelor’s degree or above, and have been employed as a deputy chief pharmacist for 5 years.

During the period of serving as deputy director pharmacist, the average annual working time in pharmacy is not less than 35 weeks.

(2) Evaluation conditions: professional ability requirements

On the basis of having the required level of deputy director pharmacist, I am proficient in the basic theoretical knowledge and skills in a certain field of my major and have some expertise. In-depth understanding of the current situation and development trend of this major at home and abroad, constantly absorbing new theories, new knowledge and new technologies and applying them to practice. Have rich working experience in this major, be able to solve complex or major technical problems independently, and have the ability to guide junior pharmacists in this major. Among them, the specialty of Chinese medicine should also have the ability of Chinese medicine pharmacy service such as acceptance, storage, dispensing, preparation and decoction, and can provide consulting services for Chinese medicine, and have the ability to comment on Chinese medicine prescriptions and provide suggestions for rational use of Chinese medicine.

4. Chief Technician

(1) Application conditions: academic qualifications, qualifications and clinical workload requirements.

Have a bachelor’s degree or above, or a bachelor’s degree or above, and have been employed as a deputy chief technician for 5 years.

As the deputy chief technician, the average annual working time in this major is not less than 35 weeks.

(2) Evaluation conditions: professional ability requirements

On the basis of having the required level of deputy chief technician, I am proficient in the basic theoretical knowledge and skills in a certain field of my major and have some expertise. In-depth understanding of the current situation and development trend of this major at home and abroad, constantly absorbing new theories, new knowledge and new technologies and applying them to practice. Have rich working experience in this major, can independently solve complex or major technical problems, and have the ability to guide junior technicians in this major.

5. Job performance requirements.

The following achievements can be regarded as representative works:

(1) Clinical medical records, surgical videos, nursing cases, emergency response reports, epidemiological investigation reports, etc.

(2) technical patents related to this major formed by absorbing new theories, new knowledge and new technologies.

(three) papers and other achievements formed by scientific research combined with the professional practice.

(four) popular science works formed by popularizing the professional scientific knowledge to the public.

(five) technical specifications or health standards formed by participating in the research.

(six) the effectiveness of personnel training (including the number and quality of junior professional and technical personnel who teach the professional field, as well as the teaching topics and achievements, etc.).

(seven) other landmark work performance that can represent my professional and technical ability and level.

Schedule:

1. Physician promotion workload requirements

2 clinical, Chinese medicine, oral professional senior professional title evaluation index.

1905 movie network news　On December 10th, the sci-fi adventure film Ghostbuster 3 (provisional translation) released a brand-new preview and poster. This sci-fi series with symbolic significance in Hollywood will once again create a classic sci-fi adventure masterpiece in 2020. It is reported that the film is directed by jason reitman, starring "Ant Man" paul rudd, Carrie Coon, finn wolfhard and McKenna Grace, and the former actors such as bill murray, sigourney weaver, dan aykroyd and Ernie Hudson will return to stage the emotional killing again. At present, North America is scheduled for July 10th, 2020.

"Ant Man" joined the new team to create a "super universe"

In the preview, the young brother and sister followed their mother back to the village hut left by their grandfather. They not only met a new partner in the town, but also met a man who studied the mysterious earthquake in the town. With his appearance, the supernatural phenomenon in the town gradually appeared, and a group of young superheroes were about to fight against the mysterious supernatural threat.

In the poster, the classic "ECTO-1" demon-killing car is fully opened and rushes to the green energy field at the end of the distant sky to explore the unknown. In addition to Ant Man paul rudd, Carrie Coon, the "Dark Night proxima centauri" in Reunion 3 and Reunion 4, finn wolfhard, who starred in the new series "The Clown Comes Back", and McKenna Grace, who starred in Annabel 3 and Captain Surprise, will form a family of three, laying the foundation for the film.

Ghostbuster 3, as the follow-up of Ghostbusters series in 1980s, continued the story line of two previous films. The first two films tell the story of new york in the 1980s and 1990s. Three university professors with strong interest in supernatural phenomena formed a "Super Death Squad" to track and deal with supernatural phenomena in new york with their own scientific instruments, but they were regarded as quackery by mainstream society. Until one day, a group of supernatural forces surrounded new york City, and the Super Death Squad finally solved the crisis with courage, wisdom and high-tech equipment made by itself.

The new york crisis in the 1990s mentioned by paul rudd to two young actors in the preview is exactly the plot of the first two movies, and the appearance of trap weapons and the classic "ECTO-1" demon-reducing car at the same time also implies that this family is a descendant of a member of the last "Super Death Squad".

Science fiction classics return to the famous director Jason Reitman’s sequel.

In 1984, the first "Ghostbusters" grossed $240 million at the box office in North America, and was nominated for the best visual effect and the best original song at the 57th Academy Awards. It is regarded as one of the most popular and funny sci-fi adventure comedies in film history.

Jason reitman, the director of the film Ghostbuster 3, has made a great reputation in Hollywood before, directing such excellent films as Juno and Up in the Air, and won four nominations at the 82nd Academy Awards for Up in the Air. What is even more surprising is that Jason Reiter is the son of ivan reitman, the director of two previous films, and he will once again create an epoch-making sci-fi adventure masterpiece after his father’s footsteps.

　

It is reported that the film Ghostbuster 3 (provisional translation) will be released in North America on July 10th, 2020.

CCTV News (Reporter Sun Xiaoyuan): A few days ago, Liu Yinyue of Taikang County, Henan Province reported Xia Moumou, a former mother-in-law and employee of Taikang Sub-branch of China Agricultural Development Bank, with her real name, that "the source of huge property was unknown and she ate empty salary", which continued to attract attention. At present, Xia Moumou’s husband Li Moumou is under investigation.

The right to report is an important right stipulated in our constitution. Under the background of ruling the country according to law, what is the process of acceptance and feedback of online real-name reporting? Do whistleblowers have to have evidence to report? CCTV reporter interviewed Liu Chuanmanuscript, a lecturer, doctor of law and postdoctoral fellow of capital university of economics and business Law School on related issues.

Is real-name reporting a way for citizens to exercise their right to report?

Liu Chuangao: The right to report is an important right stipulated in our Constitution. China’s Constitution clearly stipulates that People’s Republic of China (PRC) citizens have the right to criticize and make suggestions to any state organ or state functionary; Any state organ or state functionary has the right to lodge a complaint, accusation or report to the relevant state organ for illegal or dereliction of duty, but shall not fabricate or distort facts to make false accusations or frame up.

If the informant uses his real name or the name of his unit and has specific contact information such as telephone number, it is a real-name accusation. There are many ways to report, for example, mailing letters, reflecting in person, making phone calls, etc., and you can also send electronic materials to the reporting website of discipline inspection and supervision organs, WeChat public platform, mobile phone client and other online reporting acceptance platforms.

If it is only exposed through the real name of the network, is it a report?

Liu Chuanmanuscript: Strictly speaking, online real-name reporting should be reported to the online acceptance platform of state organs in the form of real names. If the prosecutor simply exposes the illegal and dereliction of duty of the relevant state organs and state functionaries through the online media in a real name, but does not report to the relevant state organs, it is not a legal report.

However, state organs that investigate and deal with the illegal and criminal acts of state functionaries, such as the Commission for Discipline Inspection and Supervision, the public security organs, etc., should perform their functions and powers to investigate and deal with violations of discipline and law according to law if they find the materials reported by others through real names on the Internet, find out the authenticity of the materials and deal with them accordingly.

Do prosecutors have to have evidence to report?

Liu Chuanmanuscript: Under normal circumstances, the prosecutor should have clues or relevant evidence that the state staff violated the law. In other words, the report materials should have substantial content.

The supervision and inspection department of the discipline inspection and supervision organ shall carefully screen the received report materials, and return the report with no substantive content or the report accepted by other discipline inspection and supervision organs to the complaint reporting department according to procedures after communication and research and approval.

If the report is false, what legal responsibilities will be involved?

Liu Chuanmanuscript: False reporting should be discussed according to different situations: First, civil liability. The prosecutor may infringe on others’ reputation, privacy and personal information. At this time, the prosecutor should bear civil tort liability according to law.

The second is administrative responsibility. If the prosecutor fabricates facts, falsely accuses and frames others, and attempts to subject others to criminal investigation or public security administration punishment, if the circumstances are serious but do not constitute a crime, the prosecutor needs to bear the administrative responsibility of administrative detention and fine.

The third is party discipline. If the whistleblower is a cadre in party member, and he reflects the problem by fabricating facts or forging materials, with the intention of causing others to suffer adverse political influence, loss of reputation or accountability, it is a false accusation and will be dealt with severely according to the rules and regulations, or handed over to the relevant authorities for handling according to law.

The fourth is criminal responsibility. If the prosecutor fabricates facts and falsely accuses and frames others with the intention of making others subject to criminal investigation, if the circumstances are serious, he shall be guilty of false accusation and frame-up, and he shall bear criminal responsibility according to law. Of course, if the prosecutor doesn’t mean to frame it, but makes a false accusation, or the accusation is inaccurate, he doesn’t need to bear criminal responsibility.

How to strike a balance between the right to report and the protection of personal privacy?

Liu Chuanmanuscript: The Internet is not a place of extra-legality, and citizens need to exercise their power according to law. The state encourages and protects the right to report in accordance with the law, including through online channels, and will give certain rewards to cases reported by real names after verification; The procuratorial organ will also inform the result of the disposition of the accused according to law.

However, the prosecutor shall exercise the right to report according to law. For example, the prosecutor needs to be responsible for the authenticity of the report, and must not exaggerate or distort the facts, and must not falsely accuse or frame others. In addition to the information that the accused is suspected of violating discipline and law (crime), the personal information of the accused shall not be transmitted or disclosed without authorization. Otherwise, you need to bear the corresponding legal consequences.

While protecting citizens’ right to report, the state also protects citizens’ right to privacy from multiple levels through the Civil Code of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Personal Information Protection Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Public Security Administration Punishment Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Criminal Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC). At the same time, both the right to know and the right to privacy are protected, so as to achieve a balance between them in legal protection.

Editor’s Note: This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account Internet, and the author is Yong Yule, and the entrepreneurial state is authorized to reprint it.

According to the Survey on Wealth Values of College Students in China released in 2017, mobile payment accounted for nearly 92% of the post-90s generation in China in 2016. The per capita payment of China college students on Alipay (including data on transfer, online shopping consumption, red envelopes, financial management, etc.) is about 40,839 yuan, an increase of 97% compared with 2015. This is still the data of Alipay platform five years ago.

For contemporary college students, making money is more like a passive behavior of "people are in the rivers and lakes and can’t help themselves".

This year’s college students will spend the most money and make the most money.

For most students, it is difficult to reach home under the self-awareness of adults, and part-time job has become the choice of many people.

exceptBeing able to earn pocket money is also a fresh experience for college students in ivory towers.

Today, the business model and consumption level are constantly updated and upgraded, and they have grown up in the Internet age.After 00, college students have more ways and means to earn the first pot of gold in life.

Tik Tok, Weibo, bilibili, Xiaohongshu … There are more and more college students’ faces on these platforms. It is not only a platform for young college students to socialize and get information, but also a gold mine for flexible college students to show their talents and discover business opportunities.

Upmaster, game sparring, beauty blogger, short video expertIt has become a new way for college students to make money.

According to the survey data of Ai Media Consulting,In 2021, the average monthly income of college students in China is 1516 yuan.

Specifically, college students with an average monthly income of 1,000-1,500 yuan account for nearly 40%; College students with 1,500-3,000 yuan also account for the majority, reaching 47.7%, and those with more than 3,000 yuan account for 3.3%.

"Getting rid of poverty" seems to have become the goal that this college student is committed to achieving.

On August 17th, 2021,After #00, the sophomore girl took a paragraph and earned 700,000 yuan a month #Rushed to the Weibo hot search list, reading 460 million, discussing 24,000.

Wang Zhixin of Hubei UniversityWhen I was a sophomore, a joke that didn’t pass Grade 4 exploded, which made her gain millions of fans. Before graduation, she had her own studio to pay her seniors and realize the freedom of wealth.

Coincidentally, on November 16, 2021, Weibo topic.# After 00, Xi ‘an’s sideline income exceeded 10,000 yuan per month #Also, "College students identify the authenticity of tide shoes, cosmetic bags and all kinds of bags for their classmates to earn remuneration" was posted on Weibo Hot Search, which gained 150 million readings and 6,143 discussions.

In the comment area, there are also many popular comments from netizens, such as "Please tell me the wealth password, I also want to get rich", "I am jealous of this way of making money" and "I am really caught".

He Shijie, an undergraduate student at Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, started his freshman year in 2017."Hello, teacher. My name is He."In bilibili, I uploaded a video related to digital technology, and explained it in a simple and humorous way, which made people praise it again and again.

The number of single videos played exceeded 20 million, and the university participated in Hunan Satellite TV’s "Informal Talks" and interviewed Apple CEO Cook.

With a video of more than one minute, Loctek soared by 14%, equivalent to 550 million shares; Among the major e-commerce platforms, several lifting tables mentioned in the video are out of stock.

This advertisement placement has also brought rich income to He. According to a person familiar with the matter, the market price of this video of He is less than 3 million yuan.Even if he does it once every two or three months, he earns tens of millions of yuan every year.

Even, after graduating from Beihou University, Mr. He boarded a hot search in Weibo, and many students left messages.What’s the experience of graduating college students brushing Weibo to their classmates’ graduation?"

In fact, at present, college students have all kinds of strange ideas and like to pursue novel things, and those novel ways of making money, such as short video, live selling goods and dubbing, which are developed based on short video platforms, have also become the first choice for college students to work part-time, and their income is relatively higher.

If you are in Little Red Book, Tik Tok or bilibili, search."College students earn more than 10,000 yuan a month"You will find that there are many bloggers who have earned tens of thousands of dollars a month through part-time work during their school days.

There are even post-00 s who have multiple jobs and use school time fragments to continuously improve their capital income.

However, more college students rely on platforms such as Tik Tok and Xiaohongshu to realize the circle powder.

It is true that for college students, there are countless part-time jobs that can be realized by only one mobile phone.

Released by Tik TokTik Tok University Student Data Report 2020It shows that in 2020, college students in Tik Tok released video broadcasts, with a total of more than 311 trillion times, 118.4 billion likes and 2.7 billion shares.

Dormitory culture, college students’ daily life, graduation, starting school … These college students have become the source of college students’ daily income.

Short videos are just a way for college students to make money.

Before the Internet was developed,There are many college students scrambling to distribute leaflets, waiters, tutor, promote sales, and even novel scribes.However, the general commission is not high and it takes a lot of time, so it is difficult for college students to really get rich from it.

However, with the rise of short, flat and fast platforms such as Tik Tok, Aauto Quicker and Xiaohongshu, there are also many occupations, such as:Live broadcast with goods, beauty bloggers, wear bloggers, food bloggers, etc.

On the premise of low threshold and low cost, these "within reach" ways to make money have become the options for college students to earn extra money after school and realize the freedom of pocket money.

According to statistics,In 2021, 83.9% of college students in China’s first tier cities have part-time jobs after class.; 81.8% college students in second-tier cities have extracurricular part-time jobs; Third-tier cities have a higher proportion of extracurricular part-time jobs, reaching 86.1%; The proportion of extracurricular part-time college students in fourth-tier and below cities is 80.0%.

howeverFrom the perspective of the little red book platform, there are also many internet part-time sharing posts.

Among them, there are more than 30 thousand notes on "sending models", and more than half of them are sharing posts about college students’ experiences as part-time sending models; There are more than 60,000 notes on "College Students Live with Goods"; More than 5,000 notes on "Handmade by College Students"; There are also 5,900 notes on "Student Party Knowledge Sharing".

On the other hand, the topic of "student party sideline" played on the Tik Tok platform is as high as 276.2W；;# College Students’ Entrepreneurship # The number of topics played was 3.55 billion.

In addition, according to the data released by Cass,"2019 Beauty Short Video KOL Marketing Report"According to the survey, among the beauty bloggers in Tik Tok, Aauto Quicker and bilibili, the age of 18-24 accounts for the most, which means that there are not a few student parties whose sideline business is beauty.

Seeing the cheap and easy-to-use college students’ resources, smart capital began to act, and more and more MCN set their sights on colleges and universities.

We searched the employment networks of Shanghai Normal University, Nanjing Communication College, China Communication University and other universities, and found that "online celebrity" jobs such as recruiting celebrities, talents, UPmasters and anchors after the MCN season also appeared in the recruitment list with high profile.

The 2021 campus recruitment of MCN organization’s bee colony culture has launched the positions of beauty fashion, life orientation and talent to short video talents. Elephant mutual entertainment also recruits full-time anchors for college students.

theseIt is not without reason that institutions take a fancy to college students.

For example, about 70% of the traffic of talent under the banner of Ivy Culture is concentrated in bilibili, while the audience in bilibili is mainly young people under the age of 23, so the creators of young groups on campus will know more about them.

Under the promotion of professional MCN institutions, there are indeed college students who have done "online celebrity" in circles.

Funny humor UP main self-invited volume Miki and anime blogger UP main star Youye both entered MCN institutions during their college years, and were discovered and hatched by the company into online celebrity Talent, and now they are all big V’s with millions of fans.

In addition to college students who are out of the circle, there are many college students who get rich by "labor".

Xiaomi, a college student in Beijing.A wide range of hobbies, the pursuit of quality of life, spending as high as seven or eight thousand or even tens of thousands a month. More than half of this is earned by oneself.

From the freshman year, she worked part-time, as a tutor, delivering food, sorting express at the express station during the Double Eleven, playing games, and helping others walk their dogs at night …At the busiest time, she took seven part-time jobs at the same time.

Get up early in the morning to translate subtitles for movies, then go to class, deliver takeout for 2 hours after class, sing in folk bars at night, and help others walk their dogs when they come back. They are busy until eleven or twelve o’clock, and they will also go to the secret room to escape npc…… on weekends … The total income can reach about five or six thousand per month, and sometimes tens of thousands.

Yu Xia, a college student in ShanghaiSenior script killer fans often go offline to carpool and play books. Because of their clear logic and expression, they are taken by the boss of the script killer shop and work part-time as a DM on weekends.

Because of her extroverted personality and good looks, she became a top-level DM in the store. She can host three screenplay killings in a row on weekends, but the boss promised her a sharing mode, so she can earn nearly 1000 yuan a day.

She now has a plan to kill the author as a script, and plans to write her own script and sell the copyright.

She herself said that when DM only earns some pocket money temporarily, creation is her goal, and DM allows her to jump out of the player’s perspective and feel as much as possible what everyone is interested in and what interesting mechanisms are, which is also helpful for creation.

These accumulated experiences and Internet traffic can still be the key to widening the distance between peers in the future.

3、College students’ view of money has changed.

For contemporary college students, making money is more like a passive behavior of "people are in the rivers and lakes and can’t help themselves".

We can sum it up as two mountains where "money" is pressing on college students:Freedom of consumption and pressure from classmates.

Going to college is a watershed for personal consumption. In high school, food, clothing, housing and transportation were basically solved within the school, and there was not much extra cost. But after going to college, all kinds of consumption items came.

Freedom of consumption has become the premise of obtaining most other freedoms.

What brand of clothes to wear, what brand of mobile phone and computer to use, which online celebrity restaurant to eat, what kind of exhibitions to watch, and what kind of APP members are … Differences in consumer goods have almost become an important way for college students to show their differences from others.

Xiaomi in Beijing gives her daily consumption record: it costs 3,000 yuan to eat every month; Falling in love, buying gifts for friends, and attending class reunion are also at least 2,000 yuan per month; Cosmetics and clothes also need about 1000 yuan every month …

Peer comparison also makes college students more active in making money.

The Internet allows people to peek into other people’s lives. Under the general environment of "everyone is rich and beautiful, and everyone is not short of money" in Tik Tok and Xiaohongshu, college students are passively involved, and others who are beautiful find that others are more beautiful, and those who make more money find that others earn more.

I went to 985 and 211, only to find that I had nothing.The author who grew up in a small town had excellent grades since childhood, but after being admitted to a prestigious school in a big city, he found that he was behind his classmates in appearance, family, contacts and vision-"The more difficult it is to climb, the more painful it is to see."

College students’ involution is invisible, and earning money part-time is to prove themselves and relieve anxiety.

"Part-time job" brings not only "pocket money freedom" to universities, but alsoAfter entering the society, it has become one of the biggest reasons to open the distance between peers.

For college students, when everyone is in school, there may not be much difference for the time being. Even if some people work part-time and some people study hard every minute, these can’t give them too much visual impact, but if they don’t work hard, once they leave the society, they will immediately go to two worlds.

This common and immediate example can be found everywhere among many college students.

In fact, let’s not talk about right and wrong. If you want to get more pocket money to improve your quality of life, you can get it by part-time in your spare time, and you can also accumulate work experience while being self-sufficient.

Because college students are young, they are curious about the unknown world and want to keep exploring and making progress, butIt’s not that they can’t bear hardships, but they don’t want to suffer meaningless and imposed hardships.

This is reflected in the way they make money.

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