标签： 上海龙凤419

Energy security and effective consumption structure continued to improve.

CCTV News:According to the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, in the first three quarters of this year, all parts of the country accelerated the release of advanced production capacity, the capacity of energy supply and demand continued to improve, energy consumption increased steadily, and the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption continued to increase.

In the first three quarters, the production of major energy products such as kerosene, gas and electricity in industrial enterprises above designated size maintained steady growth. In terms of varieties, the production of raw coal has grown rapidly, and the incremental supply of high quality has been expanded, giving full play to the role of guarantee. In the first three quarters, the output of industrial raw coal above designated size was 3.32 billion tons, up 11.2% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 7.5 percentage points faster than that of the same period of last year.

Oil and gas production grew steadily. Oil and gas enterprises continue to consolidate the good momentum of increasing reserves and production, and ensure the independent supply base of oil and gas. In the first three quarters, the output of industrial crude oil above designated size was 153.75 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 3.0%; Natural gas output was 160.1 billion cubic meters, up 5.4% year-on-year.

Power production is stable and orderly. In the first three quarters, industrial power generation above designated size was 6.3 trillion kWh, up 2.2% year-on-year, of which clean energy power generation was 1.9 trillion kWh, up 6.5% year-on-year.

The energy consumption structure continued to improve. According to preliminary calculations, the total energy consumption in the first three quarters increased by 2.5% year-on-year, and the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption in the total energy consumption increased by 0.6 percentage points compared with the same period of last year.

Developing cross-border e-commerce to stimulate foreign trade momentum

Overseas food, beauty products and health care products "fly" into the homes of China people, and Chinese-made clothing, shoes, hats and daily necessities reach the whole world … In recent years, cross-border e-commerce has developed rapidly with the advantages of online trading, non-contact delivery and short trading chain. According to the latest statistics, in the first half of 2024, China’s cross-border e-commerce import and export was 1.22 trillion yuan, up 10.5% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 4.4 percentage points higher than that of China’s foreign trade in the same period. The number of cross-border e-commerce and cross-border mail express parcels supervised by the customs every year reaches more than 7 billion, with an average of about 20 million pieces per day. From 1.06 trillion yuan in 2018 to 2.38 trillion yuan in 2023, the import and export of cross-border e-commerce in China has increased by 1.2 times in five years. The overall scale of cross-border e-commerce, from small to large, from large to excellent, has become a vital force in China’s foreign trade development and a new bright spot in the global economic and trade field.

As a new foreign trade format and model driven by scientific and technological innovation, cross-border e-commerce has a new business concept, strong technical support and quick response, which has played a powerful role in promoting the growth of China’s foreign trade. The innovative allocation of production factors by cross-border e-commerce is also in line with the characteristics and requirements of the development of new quality productivity. In recent years, China attaches great importance to the development of cross-border e-commerce. Since it was first mentioned in the Government Work Report in 2014, cross-border e-commerce has always been one of the key tasks of governments at all levels. The Central Economic Work Conference in 2023 clearly pointed out that it is necessary to speed up the cultivation of new kinetic energy of foreign trade, consolidate the basic disk of foreign trade and foreign capital, and expand intermediate trade, service trade, digital trade and cross-border e-commerce export. The issuance of documents such as Opinions on Expanding Cross-border E-commerce Exports and Promoting the Construction of Overseas Warehouses, and Announcement on Tax Policies for Goods Returned for Export in cross-border electronic commerce also provided strong policy support for promoting the development of cross-border e-commerce. In practice, cross-border e-commerce related initiatives have been promoted. In 2015, the State Council established a comprehensive cross-border e-commerce pilot zone for the first time. After six expansions, 165 comprehensive cross-border e-commerce pilot zones were established, achieving full coverage in 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. The system of cross-border e-commerce transactions, payment, logistics, customs clearance, tax refund and foreign exchange settlement has been accelerated, and technical standards, business processes, supervision models and information construction have been continuously improved. All powerful measures jointly promote cross-border e-commerce to go into battle lightly and flourish.

As a transnational transaction, trade needs to be carried out by enterprises as the main body. At present, there are 645,000 foreign trade enterprises with import and export performance in China. According to preliminary statistics, there are more than 120,000 cross-border e-commerce entities nationwide, and the rapid growth of e-commerce entities has laid a solid foundation for the development of cross-border e-commerce. Cost is the key to enhance international competitiveness, and promoting the development of cross-border e-commerce agglomeration with industrial parks is an effective way to reduce trade costs. There are more than 1,000 cross-border e-commerce industrial parks in China. Cross-border e-commerce entities gather in the parks, and the supporting facilities of upstream and downstream producer services are constantly improved, further reducing the industry cost. In the logistics and distribution, cross-border e-commerce enterprises build competitive advantages through different modes such as direct mail cross-border special lines and overseas warehouses. At present, there are more than 2,500 overseas warehouses with a total area of more than 30 million square meters. In terms of business model, the innovative custody model of cross-border e-commerce has greatly reduced the professional restrictions and international trade thresholds, giving domestic small and medium-sized enterprises and supply chain factories the opportunity to join the tide of going to sea. In marketing and management, cross-border e-commerce enterprises take advantage of data and algorithms to promote marketing and management from extensive to fine, and build the advantages of cross-border e-commerce supply chain with high cost performance, efficient production and rapid supply. The growth of business entities, the construction of cross-border e-commerce industrial parks, the construction of overseas warehouses and the refinement of management have built a comprehensive competitive advantage for cross-border e-commerce in China and provided strong support for the high-quality development of the industry.

Cross-border e-commerce is a promising track. With the help of policies and technology, China’s cross-border e-commerce has accelerated, and there is still great potential to be tapped in the future market, and there is a broad space to expand.

In the next step, we should continue to vigorously cultivate cross-border e-commerce business entities, promote the integration and development of cross-border e-commerce and industry, and create a cross-border e-commerce empowerment industrial belt. Accelerate the brand building of cross-border e-commerce enterprises, support enterprises to "borrow from the sea" and enhance the technical content and added value of trade. Increase financial support, smooth financing channels for cross-border e-commerce enterprises, optimize cross-border fund settlement services, develop supply chain finance in compliance with laws and regulations, strengthen financial guarantee for cross-border e-commerce and reduce operating costs. At the same time, optimize cross-border e-commerce export supervision, promote and standardize cross-border data flow, and improve cross-border data management and service level. In addition, we should actively participate in multilateral mechanism negotiations, exchanges and cooperation, and play an active role in the formulation of international standards and rules in electronic documents, paperless trade and electronic transactions.

It is believed that with the continuous improvement of the policy system, the increasingly sound market system, the continuous improvement of infrastructure, the improvement of the quality of superimposed products and the acceleration of brand building, China’s competitive advantage in the trade field will continue to emerge. Constantly promoting the high-quality development of cross-border e-commerce will certainly help build a new development pattern and inject new vitality into global economic development.

(Author: Liu Zhicheng, a researcher at China Macroeconomic Research Institute)

AI pathologist is here! ＂Working speed＂ is 10 times that of manual work.

　　As soon as the AI pathologist came out, he refreshed the highest level of AI-assisted cervical cancer screening at home and abroad that has been published internationally!

　　On the basis that the negative rate is higher than 60%, the correct rate of negative interpretation of cervical smear is higher than 99%, and the detection rate of positive lesions is over 99.9%. Cytopathologists read cervical smear under microscope, which takes an average of 6 minutes per case, while AI identification takes only 36 seconds. The interpretation speed of AI-assisted cervical cancer screening model is 10 times that of manual interpretation!

　　The all-media reporter of Guangzhou Daily learned from the release conference of artificial intelligence-assisted cervical cancer screening in China Bio-industry Conference that Jinyu Medicine and Huawei technology have made a breakthrough together. Based on pathomorphology, the teams of both sides trained an accurate and efficient AI-assisted cervical cancer screening model with the diagnostic criteria of pathologists for the first time through deep learning technology.

　　Text/Guangzhou Daily All-Media Reporter He Xuehua Correspondent Zhang Jinju

　　Pathology is the gold standard of diagnosis, but there are too few pathologists.

　　Pathomorphological diagnosis is recognized by the medical community as the "gold standard" for disease diagnosis.

　　Dr. Liang Xiaoman, a well-known cytologist in China, has been engaged in clinical cytological diagnosis in the Cancer Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences for decades. He pointed out that the body has pathological changes. What exactly does it mean? Benign or malignant? What is the degree? Diagnosis depends on different morphological changes of pathology.

　　However, only 5,000 cells are qualified for a pathological glass slide, and there are tens of thousands of cells. If pathologists look at it one by one, it will be exhausting and very boring to look at 100 pieces a day. Therefore, a "pathological person" sees 90% negative films every day, and gets excited when he sees positive films. "It’s really not easy to see people get excited when they are sick," said Liang Xiaoman. This is a double high effort of brain power and physical strength.

　　There is a great demand for pathological diagnosis, but there is a shortage of pathologists.

　　Liang Xiaoman said, for example, like cervical cancer screening, cytology should be combined with HPV testing. In China, there are more than 350 million school-age women aged 25-65, and screening once every 3-5 years requires 70 million people to be screened every year. But in fact, since 2009, women’s screening for two cancers has been promoted, and the total number of cervical cancer screening in 10 years is only a little over 70 million, that is, the population coverage rate is only 21.4%.

　　Medical research shows that the population coverage rate of screening should reach 80% in order to reduce the incidence of diseases in the population.

　　The lack of disease screening ability lies in the long-term scarcity of pathologists in China. Reading films under traditional microscope needs to be based on human visual interpretation, knowledge accumulation, skills and talents, and the training period can often be as long as 10 years. The data shows that there are currently less than 20,000 registered pathologists in China, and the gap is still as high as 80,000-100,000 based on the standard of 1-2 pathologists per 100 beds.

　　AI-assisted cervical cancer screening made a major breakthrough

　　"So, I am very excited to hear that AI pathologists have made a breakthrough in research and development!" Liang Xiaoman said that it was initially seen that "this AI pathologist" can reduce the workload of manual interpretation by about half, which means that the other half of labor and energy can be devoted to improving the positive rate interpretation, and the chances of pathologists being complained of "seeing less, not seeing correctly and seeing slowly" will also be greatly reduced.

　　The AI pathologist mentioned by Liang Xiaoman refers to the AI-assisted cervical cancer screening model jointly developed by Jinyu Medical and Huawei Cloud.

　　There are about 500,000 new cases of cervical cancer in the world every year, and the incidence rate in China accounts for 26%. As long as the disease of cervical cancer is screened and treated early, its cure rate and five-year survival rate can be greatly improved.

　　According to reports, this development is based on 43.5 million cervical cytology screening samples over the years, and nearly 200,000 image blocks are selected for accurate labeling and AI-assisted screening model training.

　　First of all, it is marked by many pathologists to ensure that the model can fully learn the morphology of various pathological cells. Based on the block-level labeling of these images, the AI model first classifies the samples and efficiently distinguishes the samples with high positive cell density.

　　Then, the AI model further accurately identifies positive cells to ensure that accurate auxiliary interpretation results can still be obtained on samples with low positive cell density. In order to ensure the correct results, the algorithm also selects a series of suspicious local visual fields and submits them to the pathologist for final review.

　　At present, the AI model has been verified with the verification set of more than 20,000 sample data. The verification results show that the negative rate of the model is 61.9%, the accuracy of negative film interpretation is higher than 99%, and the detection rate of positive lesions is over 99.9%. This is the highest level of AI-assisted cervical cancer screening at home and abroad.

　　Application of results:

　　There are at least three to five years before landing.

　　The development of AI pathologists can be described as an important practice of digital medicine and precision medicine, which provides strong support for accurate diagnosis in the future. Once the results are applied, it is expected that the workload of single cytological examination by pathologists will be reduced by more than 60%, and the screening efficiency will be greatly improved. Usually, it takes 6 minutes for cytopathologists to read cervical smear under microscope. The AI ? ? recognition takes only 36 seconds, and the interpretation speed is 10 times that of manual interpretation.

　　At the same time, by comparing and verifying the results of AI tips, doctors can make manual interpretation more conveniently and accurately, which can bring effective help to the quality control of pathological examination and the training of pathological students.

　　In terms of greater social benefits, in the future, once AI-assisted cervical cancer screening is applied and promoted, it will greatly improve the coverage and service frequency of cervical cancer screening services, so that the screening quality of school-age women can approach the level of developed countries and promote early screening and early treatment of cervical cancer.

　　However, experts also admit that the results are at least three to five years away from landing.

　　First of all, we should continue to invest more sample data to verify the AI model on a large scale, and at the same time make more professional annotations to improve the model, so that its specificity will be continuously improved under the premise of ensuring sensitivity, and even adapt to and be close to the reagent consumables and production level of primary hospitals.

　　Secondly, it is ready to start the registration of CFDA. It is understood that there is no clear guiding process and cycle at present. "Many analysts in the industry believe that the large-scale application of medical AI such as pathological AI and imaging AI in China is estimated to take 3 to 5 years."

　　"AI pathology" vs "AI image" is more accurate.

　　In recent years, AI medical care has become more and more hot, which belongs to the field of auxiliary diagnosis. AI images have developed even faster and entered the registration application process earlier than AI pathology. So, which is stronger, AI pathology or AI image?

　　In this regard, some cytopathologists believe that AI pathology is "more difficult, more refined, more lacking and slower".

　　Because the image is based on black and white, density, size and edge, and the pathology is polychromatic and reaches the cellular level, it is not just an auxiliary diagnosis of "whether it is a tumor" or "whether it is a lesion".

　　In other words, AI imaging doctors can "allow" the conclusion that "this may be a cancer, a benign tumor or a malignant tumor", while AI pathologists can’t do this, but tell "what is this, is it a cancer, and what kind of cancer it is".

The Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue blue warnings for severe convective weather and heavy rain at 06： 00 on May 5.

CCTV News:According to the website of the Central Meteorological Observatory, the Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a blue warning of severe convective weather at 06: 00 on May 5.

It is estimated that there will be 8-10 thunderstorms or hailstorms in parts of western Hubei, western Hunan, northwestern Jiangxi, northeastern Sichuan Basin, western Chongqing, central and eastern Guizhou and northern Guizhou from 08: 00 on May 5 to 08: 00 on May 6. There will be short-term heavy rainfall in parts of southern Jiangsu, Shanghai, western and southern Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, northern Zhejiang, northwestern Fujian, northeastern Sichuan Basin, Chongqing, central, eastern and northern Guizhou, with an hourly rainfall of 20-40 mm and a local area of more than 50 mm.

It is estimated that the main influence period of strong convection is from afternoon to night today.

Defense guide:

1. The government and relevant departments shall, in accordance with their duties, prepare for short-term rainstorm prevention, lightning protection and gale prevention, and the meteorological department shall prepare for artificial hail suppression;

2. Outdoor pedestrians and staff should reduce outdoor activities and pay attention to stay away from structures such as scaffolding billboards;

3. Drive poultry and livestock into places with roofs, and close doors and windows to reinforce sheds;

4. The water operations in relevant waters and passing ships shall take active measures such as returning to Hong Kong to avoid or detour navigation, pay attention to covering building materials at the construction site, and properly arrange outdoor items susceptible to heavy rain, wind and hail;

5. Check the drainage system of cities, farmland and fish ponds, and prepare for drainage and defense against disasters such as mountain torrents, landslides and mudslides.

The Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a blue rainstorm warning at 06: 00 on May 5.

It is estimated that from 08: 00 on May 5 to 08: 00 on May 6, there will be heavy rains in eastern Sichuan, most of Chongqing, southwestern Hubei, northeastern Guizhou, northwestern and eastern Hunan, central Jiangxi, northwestern Fujian, northwestern Shaanxi and western Shanxi, among which there will be heavy rains (100-120 mm) in western Hunan and central Jiangxi. Some of the above areas are accompanied by short-term heavy rainfall (the maximum hourly rainfall is 20 ~ 40 mm, and the local area can exceed 50 mm), and there are strong convective weather such as thunderstorms and strong winds.

Defense guide:

1, the government and relevant departments in accordance with their duties to prepare for the storm;

2. Schools and kindergartens should take appropriate measures to ensure the safety of students and children;

3. Drivers should pay attention to road water and traffic jams to ensure safety;

4, check the city, farmland, fish pond drainage system, ready for drainage.

Basic Biology of Macrophages： From Origin to Function

Written by: immune meow with picky eaters

Source: gossip Immunology

● 　　 　● 　 　　●
　
Macrophages (English name: Macrophages, abbreviated M) are immune cells widely distributed in blood and tissues of the whole body.Macrophages can devour and kill intracellular parasites, bacteria, tumor cells, as well as self-aging and abnormal cells, and play an important role in immune defense, immune homeostasis and immune monitoring.Macrophages are a kind of phagocytes and belong to monocyte system.
　
Macrophages have been a hot research object for a long time because of their diversity and heterogeneity in tissue distribution.
　

one

The origin of macrophages
　

The evolution of species diversity and struggle for existence have produced a complex host defense system, which relies on natural immunity, first single-celled eukaryotes, and then adaptive immunity in tissues and developing eukaryotes. Natural immunity was first expounded at the end of 19th century, and Elie Metchnikoff introduced the word "macrophage", which means "macro = big and phage = eater”。 Monocytes/macrophages are a small group of white blood cells determined by their location, phenotype, morphology and gene expression profile.

Monocytes account for 4-10% of nucleated cells in normal peripheral blood. In blood, the half-life of monocytes is less than 20 hours. For many years, it has been assumed that macrophages are completely differentiated from circulating monocytes, but the recent morphological and functional differences between these cells refute this hypothesis.

Recent research evidence shows that macrophages in most adult tissues are sown before birth, and during embryonic development, they are transferred from.yolk sacIt has the ability of self-renewal and is maintained independently of monocytes. In addition,Each organ has its own unique combination of embryos and adult macrophages..

Embryonic macrophages participate in tissue reconstruction, while adult macrophages mainly assist host defense. In addition to these differences, we also observed that embryonic macrophages and adult macrophages coexist in many different organs.

2

Tissue distribution of different macrophages　 　

According to their anatomical location and functional phenotype, macrophages can be divided intoMicroglial cell、osteoclast、pm, spleen tissue cells and interstitial connective tissue, liver interstitial connective tissue and kupffer cells.

There are also different types of macrophages in the intestine, which have different phenotypes and functions, but work together to maintain tolerance to normal intestinal flora and oral antigens.

There are also different numbers of macrophages in the secondary lymphoid organs, including macrophages in the marginal area of spleen, which inhibit the natural immunity and adaptive immunity to apoptotic cells, and sinus macrophages under the capsule of lymph nodes, which remove the virus in lymph and start the antiviral immune response.

differentMacrophages exist in immune immune immune sites., such as the brain, eyes and testicles, these parts are inTissue remodelinganddynamic balancePlay a central role. These tissue-specific macrophages devour dead cells, debris, foreign antigens and materials, organize the inflammatory process, and recruit more macrophages as needed.

three

Plasticity and polarization
　

Macrophages are remarkable plastic cells, which can be obtained fromConversion from one phenotype to another.. Macrophage polarization is a process. Macrophages show specific phenotypes and make functional responses to microenvironment stimuli and signals encountered in each specific tissue.

Local cytokine environment can localize macrophage polarization. The two subsets of macrophages with different functions include classic activated or inflammatory (M1) and alternately activated or anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages. This phenomenon of these two different M1/M2 phenotypes is called.Macrophage polarization.

M1 macrophageIt is usually induced by the recognition of Th1 cytokines (such as IFN-γ and T NF-α) or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These macrophages produce and secrete high levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23 and COX-2, while the level of IL-10 is low.

Functionally, M1 macrophages participate in the elimination of pathogens during infection by activating nicotinamide adenine phosphodinucleotide (NADPH) oxidase system and then producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, M1 macrophages have strong anti-microbial and anti-tumor activities, mediating tissue damage caused by reactive oxygen species, damaging tissue regeneration and wound healing. In order to prevent this kind of tissue damage, the anti-inflammatory effect of M2 macrophages inhibits the chronic inflammatory reaction by regulating the mechanism.

M2 macrophageSTAT6 is activated by IL-4 receptor α(IL-4Rα) and polarized by Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, which has anti-inflammatory effect. Besides IL-4 and IL-13, cytokines such as IL-10 can also regulate M2 polarization by activating STAT 3 through IL-10 receptor (IL-10 R).

IL-33It is a cytokine related to Th2 in IL-1 family and can induce M2 polarization. It is characterized by up-regulating arginase-1(arg-1), CCL 17 and CCL 24, thus mediating pulmonary eosinophilia and airway inflammation.

IL-21It is another Th2-related cytokine that drives M2 polarization. M2 macrophages have the characteristics of anti-inflammatory cytokines, which are characterized by low production of IL-12 and high production of IL-10 and TGF-β.

Functionally, M2 macrophages have strong phagocytosis, which can remove debris and apoptotic cells, promote tissue repair and wound healing, and promote angiogenesis and fibrosis. Therefore, generally speaking, M2 cells participate in Th2 response and parasite clearance, inhibit inflammation, promote tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, immune regulation, tumor formation and progress.

However, the M1/M2 phenotype does not reflect different phenotypic subsets of macrophages. According to the activation stimulus received, M2 macrophages can be further divided into four types.M2A, M2B, M2C and M2DDifferent subgroups of the composition.

M2aMacrophage subsets can be induced by IL-4 and IL-13, producing high levels of CD206, bait receptor IL-1 receptor II(IL-RII) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA).

Immune complex (ICs) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists or IL-1 receptor ligands can induce M2b subgroup.M2bMacrophages simultaneously produce anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6 and α-α.

M2cCells were induced by glucocorticoid and IL-10, and showed strong anti-inflammatory effect on apoptotic cells by releasing a large amount of IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β.

Finally, TLR agonist induced the fourth M2 macrophage through adenosine receptor agonist.M2d.

The activated receptor of adenosine then inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, induces anti-inflammatory secretion of cytokines (high IL-10, low IL-12) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEG F), thus providing a drug withTumor associated macrophages (TAMS)The angiogenic characteristics of the characteristic. M2 macrophages exposed to M1 signal, or conversely, induced differentiated macrophages to "repolarize" or "reprogram" is another evidence that they have high functional plasticity and can potentially pursue therapeutic goals.

four

hugeMigration of phagocytes

Monocytes and macrophages migrate to the site of inflammation or injury to eliminate the initial inflammatory signal and ultimately promote wound healing and tissue repair.

This process is mainly initiated by pathogen-related molecular patterns (PAMPs) (released from invasive pathogens) and damage-related molecular patterns (DAMPs) (released from damaged or dead cells to cope with infection and injury).

In addition, antigen can activate memory T cells in tissues through secretion.manyInflammatory cytokines and chemokines are used to trigger the recruitment of macrophages. Chemokines directly participate in the migration and activation of monocytes through endothelium, and monocyte chemoattractant protein -1 (MCP-1) is a monocyte chemotactic factor, which participates in the occurrence of inflammation and induces monocyte chemotaxis and migration by interacting with CC chemotactic factor 2(CCR2) on monocytes. MCP-1 is mainly secreted by activated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), monocytes and T cells. MCP-1, together with IL-8 or CXC ligand -8(CXCL-8), can trigger the firm adhesion of monocytes to vascular endothelial cells under blood flow conditions. Monocyte adhesion and migration across endothelium through activated venule wall is a basic immune response, which depends on the expression of adhesion molecules of chemical mediators on the surface of vein endothelium.

These adhesion molecules belong to four families:Selectin、Integrin、Immunoglobulin superfamilyandMucin-like glycoprotein.

five

Antigen presentation

Antigen presenting cells, mainly macrophages, are the outposts of the immune system that starts and regulates immune response. An important feature of macrophage biology is the capture, endocytosis and expression of self or foreign antigens, which providesThe connection between innate immunity and adaptive immunity.

Macrophages reside in surrounding organs, where they monitor surrounding tissues for invading pathogens. They alert the immune system to the presence of pathogens by engulfing them, processing their antigens and presenting peptide fragments that bind to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. After antigen treatment, macrophages migrate to T cells and stimulate them. Activated macrophages express high levels of costimulatory molecules and antigen presenting molecules on their surfaces, such as CD 80, CD 86 and MHCⅠ ⅰ and ⅱ molecules. Mixed Leukocyte/Lymphocyte Reaction (MLR) is used as a basic test for determining the function of macrophages, because it measures the proliferation ability of macrophages to allogeneic T cell populations.

six

Production of cytokine and chemokines

Interleukin is a kind of cytokine, which is involved in inducing adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), angiogenic factors and signal pathways, such as nuclear factor kappa B(NF-kB) and signal transduction and transcription activator (STAS) involved in tumor invasion and angiogenesis.

Activation of M1 macrophages can induce proinflammatory cytokines., including TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18 and IL-23; Produce nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and RNS；; Antigen presentation; Expression of CC chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR5; Promoting T-helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 responses provides an effective mechanism for killing.

Obviously, M1 and M2 macrophages have different chemokine profiles, while M1 macrophages expressing Th1 cell chemokines, such as CXCL9 and CXCL10.

M2 macrophages express chemokines.CCL17, CCL18, CCL22 and CCL 24. M1 macrophages express inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and together with costimulatory molecules CD 40, CD 80 and CD 86, they up-regulate MHCⅡ class II molecules to promote cytotoxic adaptive immunity.

M1 macrophages express Th1- and Th17- polarized cytokines IL-12, IL-23, IL-27 and Th1- aggregation chemokines CXCL 9, CXCL 10 and CXCL 11. On the contrary, M2 macrophages support the resolution of inflammation by transferring gene expression to anti-inflammatory molecules such as IL-10, TGF-β, IL-1R1Ⅱ and IL-1Ra. M2 macrophages also express a large number of endogenous receptors, including scavenger receptor CD 163, stabilizer -1 and type C lectin receptor CD 206, CD 301, Dectin-1 and CD 209. In addition, M2 macrophages recruit Th2, regulatory T cells (Tregs), eosinophils and basophils by secreting chemokines such as CCL 17, CCL 18, CCL 22 and CCL 24..

seven

Macrophage apoptosis

Apoptosis is a normal, physiological and necessary process of cell selection and survival, eliminating and removing unnecessary cells, such as aging, damaged, genetic mutation and virus-infected cells; In fact, anti-apoptosis can promote malignant transformation of normal cells.

At present, it is known that macrophage apoptosis is related to various stages of the disease related to the decline of pathogen activity, which can be regarded as a natural immune defense mechanism and strategy for the host to limit infection against intracellular pathogens.

On the contrary, many cellsPathogens have the ability to kill infected cells., destroy the host pathway, inhibit cell apoptosis, leading to necrosis. This strategy can makePathogens escape the host’s immunity and infect other nearby or distant cells.. These apoptotic infected cells also provide a link between innate immunity and acquired immunity. When professional APCs absorb apoptotic vesicles, this connection begins when bacterial products and pathogenic antigens enhance T cell activation. Similarly,Pathogens inhibit apoptosis and promote necrosis.It also impairs the presentation of bacterial antigens, which may be the mechanism of immune escape.

In atherosclerosis, macrophages die by reducing the number of cells in the lesion, which is beneficial to reduce the lesion area. In the progress of atherosclerosis and other diseases, the phagocytosis of M2 macrophages solves the problem of apoptosis and its adverse effects. This unique functional feature of M2 macrophage is caused byHigh level of scavenger receptorExpress support.

Macrophages phagocytize debris, injured cells, dead cells and apoptotic cells, and inhibit macrophages from producing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin -1β, interleukin -6 and interleukin -8. The mechanism involves autocrine or paracrine of transforming growth factor -β(TGF-β), thus inhibiting further recruitment of monocytes and macrophages.

In addition, the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory IL-12, IL-23 and IL-27 and stimulates the production of anti-inflammatory IL-10.

By limiting the phagocytosis of local inflammation, it can also protect tissues from harmful pro-inflammatory reactions, death, injury and the immunogenic content of dead cells, and throughNecrosis after apoptosis to protect the growth of lesions.

In the late stage of atherosclerosis, the phagocytic function of apoptotic cells is seriously damaged, which leads to the aggregation of macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells, which eventually blocks the decomposition of inflammation and promotes local necrosis, inflammatory state and plaque instability.

Understanding the exact mechanism of pathogen inhibiting apoptosis can avoid natural immunity and adaptive immunity, which provides a new strategy for optimizing treatment. The idea of manipulating the host or bacterial pathway to induce more cell apoptosis, "apoptosis-promoting therapy", may help to produce a more effective immune response.

eight

Macrophage metabolism

Recent evidence shows that metabolism plays an important role in the formation of macrophages and the obvious polarization phenotype. Under normal, physiological and pathological conditions, macrophages face an oxygen gradient.Macrophages adapt to hypoxia by shifting their metabolic pathways to glycolysis.. In addition, the activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF)-1 and -2 caused profound functional changes, including the expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors, such as CXC chemokine 4(CXCR 4), CXCL 12, angiogenesis factor and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)(Biswas and Mantovani, 2012; Orihuela et al., 2016). Therefore, macrophages help to coordinate the response of tissues to oxygen gradient and hypoxia conditions.

Macrophages M1 and M2 can obviously regulate the metabolism of glucose, amino acids, iron and folic acid.After macrophage activation, its metabolic pathway changes from oxidation to glycolysis.solve. Under the action of M1 stimuli (such as LPS, Th1 cytokines and IL-12), they showed a metabolic transformation to anaerobic glycolytic pathway, while M2 stimuli (such as IL-4 and IL-13) had little effect. Macrophages activated by IFN-γ and L-PS are often associated with acute infection, so it is necessary to trigger strong antimicrobial activity quickly in hypoxic microenvironment. In this case, the anaerobic process such as glycolysis is the best way when energy is needed. Interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide strongly induce glucose uptake and inhibit fatty acid uptake and oxidation. Therefore, glycolysis metabolism is enhanced and mitochondrial activity is decreased.

On the contrary,M2 macrophage functions, such as wound healing and tissue repair, need continuous energy supply.. This requirement is made byGlucose oxidative metabolism and fatty acid oxidationProvided, andFatty acid oxidation is the most important metabolic pathway of M2 macrophages.. M2 macrophage has the characteristics of high mitochondrial activity and oxidative phosphorylation. They show enhanced respiratory activity based on fatty acid β oxidation. Both metabolic pathways are up-regulated in the process of macrophage activation, but glycolysis is the main metabolic pathway, which can produce DNA and cell membrane synthesis substrates and promote the growth and differentiation of monocytes. It is another possibility of glycolytic metastasis of M1 macrophages to produce rapid and optimal response at the infected site.

In addition, the accumulation of citric acid in M1 macrophages is essential for the production of pro-inflammatory mediators NO, ROS, RNS and prostaglandin. Another important aspect is the metabolism of amino acids closely related to the functional phenotype of macrophages. M1 macrophages are characterized by the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).The production of NO is an important anti-microbial effect. M1 macrophages are active, while M2 macrophages do not produce NO.. On the contrary, they express high levels of Arg-1 and play a role in catalyzing the production of polyamines, which are necessary for collagen synthesis, cell proliferation, fibrosis and other tissue remodeling functions. Interestingly, the production of polyamines is reported to be the driving factor of M2 polarization.

In addition, there are significant differences in iron metabolism between M1 and M2 macrophages. Although M1 macrophages express a large number of iron storage proteins, such as ferritin, the content of iron porphyrin they express is low, and ferritin is the export of iron. Compared with M1 type macrophages, M2 type macrophages have lower ferritin content, but higher ferritin content. This different iron metabolism may be related to its function. Because iron is necessary to support the growth of bacteria, the retention of iron in M1 macrophages is a kind of bacteriostasis and supports the host’s protection against infection. On the contrary, the iron released by M2 macrophages is beneficial to tissue repair, but it can cause tumor growth and metastasis.

Metabolic adaptation is an important aspect of macrophage polarization and its functional activities.

nine

MicroRNA involved in macrophage polarization

MicroRNA plays an important role in many aspects of macrophage biology, thus affecting many biological and pathological conditions, such as monocyte differentiation and development, macrophage polarization, infection, atherosclerosis, tumor growth, inflammatory activation, cholesterol homeostasis, cell survival and proliferation, and phagocytosis.

MiRNA-24, miRNA-30b, miRNA-142-3p and miRNA-199a-5p can inhibit the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages.

M1 macrophage polarizationMiRNA-125, miRNA-146, miRNA-155, miRNA-7a/f and miRNA-378 are needed, andM2 polarizationThen miRNA-let-7c/e, miRNA-9, miRNA-21, miRNA-146, miRNA-147, miRNA-187 and miRNA-223 are needed.

In addition, miRNA-342-5p promotes NO synthesis, and IL-6 provides pro-inflammatory signals for macrophages. Although miR-21 has been proved to have both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects, its anti-inflammatory effect is more prominent. MiR-155 and miR-142-3p inhibited the proliferation of macrophages compared with let-7a. MiR-155 can promote and prevent apoptosis at the same time, while miR-21 and let-7e negatively regulate the apoptosis of macrophages.

Main references

Abbas Shapouri Moghaddam，doi:10.1002/jcp.26429，2018

Thomas A. Wynn，Nature，doi:10.1038/nature12034，2013

Nicole J. Horwood，Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol，doi:10.1007/s12016-015-8519-2

In the face of the 12 words of Premier Zhou, the West has never forgotten it.

The west’s malice towards the new China was quite obvious in the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. In the face of western malice, let’s see how Premier Zhou responded wittily.


First, "Prostitutes in China are in Taiwan Province Province of China"-Dealing with the difficulties of Western journalists

Premier Zhou Enlai’s talent made us admire deeply. The following questions and answers are not prepared in advance and are unpredictable in advance. Premier Zhou not only answered skillfully, but almost immediately after the other party had finished speaking. You can’t do this without excellent quality.

A western reporter asked Premier Zhou: "Excuse me, Mr. Premier, are there any prostitutes in China now?" Many people wonder: how to ask such a question? Everyone is concerned about Premier Zhou’s answer. Premier Zhou affirmed: "Yes!" The audience was in uproar and there were many comments.

Premier Zhou saw everyone’s doubts and added: "The prostitutes in China are in Taiwan Province Province of China." Suddenly the applause thundered.

The reporter’s question was very vicious. He set a trap for Premier Zhou. After the liberation of China, all brothels in the mainland were closed, and the original prostitutes have been transformed into self-reliant workers. The reporter thought: If you ask the question "Are there any prostitutes in China", Zhou Enlai will definitely say "No".

Once you really answer like this, you will be trapped by him. He will immediately say "There are prostitutes in Taiwan Province". At this time, you can’t say "Taiwan Province is not China’s territory". This is the insidious part of this question. Of course, Premier Zhou saw through his tricks at a glance, and this answer not only saw through the sinister intentions of western journalists, but also reflected the good social atmosphere in the mainland. Premier Zhou considered the problem carefully and carefully, and at the same time he was quick-witted. It’s hard not to admire him!

Second, "This handkerchief can’t be washed clean any more"-dealing with American journalists’ difficulties

During the Geneva meeting, an American journalist first took the initiative to shake hands with Zhou Enlai, but Premier Zhou didn’t refuse out of courtesy, but he didn’t expect that the reporter had just finished shaking hands and suddenly said loudly, "How can I shake hands with the militants in China? Really shouldn’t! I really shouldn’t! " Then he took out his handkerchief and kept wiping the hand he had just shaken with Zhou Enlai, and then stuffed it into his trouser pocket. At this time, many people were watching to see how Premier Zhou handled it.

Zhou Enlai frowned briefly. He also took out a handkerchief from his pocket, swept it in his hand a few times at will, then walked to the corner and threw it into the trash can. He said, "This handkerchief will never be cleaned again."

Although China and the United States were in a hostile state at that time, Premier Zhou’s consistent thinking was to separate those in power from ordinary Americans. It’s unkind to frown at the negotiating table. But outside the meeting, he is a master of United front, trying to do his work as much as possible, trying to exert a subtle influence. He has always been friendly to ordinary Americans, including journalists. Therefore, when the American journalist offered to shake hands with Premier Zhou, Premier Zhou did not refuse.

However, it seems that this reporter is purely trying to embarrass Premier Zhou, otherwise he would not take the initiative to shake hands and then wipe his hands with a handkerchief in remorse. Premier Zhou won’t realize that he will do this before he wipes his hands. At that time, there were many people in the lobby, depending on whether Premier Zhou could get off the stage or not. So Premier Zhou also took out a handkerchief to wipe his hands.

Please note that the difference between them is that the reporter still put the handkerchief back into his trouser pocket after wiping his hands, while Premier Zhou threw the handkerchief into the trash can after wiping his hands. Premier Zhou means: Your handkerchief can still be used, and my handkerchief is contaminated with your germs after being wiped. You shameless little man’s germs can never be cleaned again, so I threw it into the trash can.

Third, "We all betrayed our respective classes"-to the Soviet Union

On one occasion, Premier Zhou Enlai was invited to visit the Soviet Union. When meeting with Khrushchev, Premier Zhou criticized his revisionist policy.

The cunning Khrushchev did not answer directly, but stimulated Premier Zhou on the sensitive class origin at that time. He said: "Your criticism is very good, but you should agree that I came from the working class, while you came from the bourgeoisie." The implication is that Premier Zhou spoke from the standpoint of the bourgeoisie. Premier Zhou paused for a moment and then calmly replied, "Yes, Comrade Khrushchev, but at least we have one thing in common, that is, we both betrayed our respective classes."

No matter what occasion Premier Zhou meets, he can handle it with superhuman wisdom, and opponents can’t take advantage of it. He confessed that "we all betrayed our respective classes" and unexpectedly turned the poisonous arrow shot by Khrushchev and shot at Hepburn.

As soon as this statement came out, it was immediately circulated as a beautiful talk in various countries where communist party was in power.

Fourth, "there are flies in the toilet"

After the "September 13" incident, the Soviet ambassador found Premier Zhou and asked in a strange way: "Comrade Premier, I heard that an earth-shattering event happened in China recently?"

Premier Zhou calmly replied, "It’s nothing serious. It’s just that a tree fell in the forest and a leaf fell on a tree."

The Soviet ambassador pretended to be concerned and said, "According to authoritative sources, the impact of this incident on China is extremely unfavorable!"

The Prime Minister replied: "On the contrary, a cancer disappears automatically on the body, which is beneficial and harmless."

The Soviet ambassador was a little annoyed: "Comrade Premier, there is something I have wanted to say for a long time. You have repeatedly called us social imperialism in the world and made us stink worse than toilets. That being the case, may I ask: Your Deputy Commander Lin is below one person and above 10,000 people in China, why do you want to defect to our Soviet Union? " Premier Zhou sneered: "It is because the toilet stinks that flies like that place. Since the ambassador understands this truth, why bother asking? " The Soviet ambassador was rendered speechless.

After the news that Lin Biao defected to the Soviet Union came out, some hostile elements in the world gloated. Sino-Soviet relations deteriorated seriously at that time. When the Soviet ambassador met with the Prime Minister, he deliberately wanted to see a good show and embarrassed Premier Zhou. When he saw that beating around the bush could not achieve his goal, he laid out the so-called "trump card", expecting that Premier Zhou would have nothing to say. As a result, Premier Zhou turned his back on him and put the Soviet ambassador in a very awkward position.

V. "We are taking the socialist road"

Foreign journalists asked Premier Zhou Enlai with malicious intent: "In China, why do you call it’ the road’ when it is obvious that people take it?" Premier Zhou replied without thinking: "We are taking the Marxist road, which is called the road for short."

This reporter’s intention is to compare Chinese to cattle and horses, and they go the same way. If you really answer him from the source of the name "road", even if it is correct, it is meaningless. Premier Zhou interpreted the word "horse" as Marxism, which was probably unexpected by this reporter.

6. "Chinese bowed his head because he worked hard."

When the American delegation visited China, an official once said in front of Premier Zhou, "Chinese likes to walk with our heads down, but we Americans always walk with our heads up." Premier Zhou took his time and said with a smile: "This is not surprising. Because we in Chinese like to go uphill, and you Americans like to go downhill. "

The words of American officials obviously contain insults to Chinese. China staff present were very angry, but it was difficult to strongly reprimand each other for their rudeness because they were on diplomatic occasions. If you submit to humiliation and let the other side humiliate you, what is the national prestige? Premier Zhou’s answer taught Americans what it means to be soft and tough, but it was the Americans themselves who were embarrassed and embarrassed in the end.

Seven, "what I used was captured by the US military."

An American journalist happened to see an American Parker pen on Premier Zhou’s desk. The reporter asked in a somewhat sarcastic tone: "Excuse me, Prime Minister, why do you want to use our American-made pens in Chinese?"

After hearing this, Premier Zhou said humorously, "It’s a long story to talk about this pen. It’s an anti-American trophy from a North Korean friend and was given to me as a gift. I refuse to accept the reward without merit. North Korean friends said, stay as a souvenir. I thought it was meaningful, so I left this pen in your country. " Hearing this, the American reporter suddenly became speechless.

What do you mean, drop a rock on your own feet? This is a typical case.

The reporter’s original intention was to dig at Premier Zhou: Why can’t you even produce better pens in Chinese, but you have to import them from our United States? As a result, Premier Zhou said that it was a trophy of the Korean battlefield, which made the reporter lose face.

Eight, "eat fascism together"

Premier Zhou hosted a banquet in honor of foreign guests. A soup dish was served, and the winter bamboo shoots were carved according to the national patterns, which happened to turn over in the soup and become a symbol of fascism. The foreign guests were shocked to see this.

Premier Zhou was also surprised by this, but he immediately explained calmly: "This is not a sign of fascism! This is a pattern in our China tradition. Reading’ Wan’ symbolizes’ long life’ and is a good wish for our guests! " Then he said humorously, "It doesn’t matter even if it is a fascist symbol! Let’s all destroy fascism together and eat it! " After saying his word, the host and guest laughed, and the atmosphere became more enthusiastic. This soup was also drunk by the guests.

The appearance of fascist symbols in diplomatic occasions can easily lead to diplomatic disputes, especially in countries that have been ravaged by fascism. They are disgusted to see such symbols.

Premier Zhou’s explanation dispelled their misunderstanding in time, but what is amazing is that Premier Zhou used the topic to call on everyone to wipe out fascism and eat that dish. Such a passive scene, which was countered by Premier Zhou, played an active role in the banquet atmosphere.

Nine, "18 yuan 8 Angle 8 points"

A western reporter said, "Excuse me, how much money does the People’s Bank of China have?" Zhou Enlai said euphemistically: "The monetary funds of the People’s Bank of China are 80 cents and 80 cents in 18 yuan." When he saw that everyone was puzzled, he explained: "China People’s Bank issued 10 kinds of main and auxiliary RMB with denominations of 10 yuan, 5 yuan, 2 yuan, L yuan, 50 cents, 20 cents, L angle, 5 cents, 2 cents and 1 cent, totaling 8 cents and 8 cents in 18 yuan …"

Premier Zhou held a press conference to introduce China’s achievements in construction. There are two possibilities for this reporter to raise such a question: one is to laugh at China’s poverty, poor strength and empty treasury; One is to spy out economic information. Premier Zhou also showed extraordinary wit and talent in high-level diplomatic occasions, which impressed people.

X. "Yes, casting pearls before swine"

During the Chongqing negotiations, the negotiators of the Kuomintang government could not accept the peace agreement proposed by Zhou Enlai as the chief negotiator. An official growled angrily at our representative: "Talk to the cow!" Zhou Enlai poised, slowly replied: "Yes, casting pearls before swine."

When the Kuomintang official said "casting pearls before swine", he meant to belittle the level of the negotiators in communist party. However, Zhou Enlai returned the original words, but these four words only paused after the word "right" and became two broken sentences, comparing the remarks of the Kuomintang officials to "casting pearls before swine". Do you think it will never stop?

XI. "Answering mikoyan in English"

Premier Zhou stopped by Moscow on his way back from a meeting in Geneva. At a reception held in his honor, he made a toast to the Soviets in English.

Then mikoyan complained, "Zhou, why don’t you speak Russian? Your Russian is very good! " . Premier Zhou still replied in English: "mikoyan, it’s time for you to learn Chinese." Mikoyan complained: "Chinese is too difficult to learn." As soon as this was said, Premier Zhou said briskly, "Never mind, come back to our embassy next time and we will be very happy to teach you."

Mikoyan’s complaint was obviously unfriendly. Premier Zhou’s method was to ignore it first, prompting mikoyan to tell the reason why he didn’t learn Chinese. Mikoyan really took the bait, and Premier Zhou asked him to come to the embassy to send someone to teach him Chinese and put him in the position of a student.

Twelve, "this mountain closely connects our two countries."

Premier Zhou held a press conference in Kathmandu. The American reporters present deliberately took the maps published by China and Nepal, pointing out that the drawing of the border between the two countries on Mount Everest was inconsistent, and asked: "Has a decision been made in this meeting? What you just said means that China and Nepal will share this mountain equally. Does Nepal agree? "

Zhou Enlai immediately replied: "It doesn’t matter to share equally. Of course, we have to have friendly consultations. This mountain closely connects our two countries, not what you said! "

The border issue is a sensitive issue. American journalists’ questions are both provocative and trap. A simple answer of yes or no will fall into the trap.

Premier Zhou saw through his sinister intentions and changed "equal share" to "connection", which showed China’s basic policy of solving border problems with neighboring countries and emphasized the policy of good neighborliness and friendship, which made American journalists greatly disappointed.

Foshan Roewe RX5 New Energy has a price cut at the end of the year, and the latest offer is 135,900! Preferential treatment waits for no man.

[car home Foshan Preferential Promotion Channel] is currently conducting preferential activities in Foshan, and can enjoy a maximum discount of 12,000 yuan. In this activity, the minimum starting price of Roewe RX5 new energy is 135,900 yuan. If you are interested in buying this car, it is suggested to click "Check the car price" in the quotation form to get a higher discount.

佛山荣威RX5新能源年末降价来袭，最新报价13.59万！优惠不等人

Roewe RX5 new energy design is fashionable and atmospheric, the front face adopts family-style design language, and the air intake grille is decorated with a large area of chrome, which is connected with sharp LED headlights on both sides, showing a sense of technology and futurity as a whole. The body lines are smooth, and the side waistline extends from the front of the car to the rear of the car. The overall style is simple without losing the sense of strength. The rear part of the car adopts a fashionable through taillight design, which improves the recognition and visual effect of the car.

佛山荣威RX5新能源年末降价来袭，最新报价13.59万！优惠不等人

Roewe RX5 New Energy has a body size of 4655*1890*1664mm and a wheelbase of 2765mm, providing spacious interior space for passengers. The lines on the side of the car are smooth, showing a dynamic shape. The front and rear wheel tracks are 1590mm and 1584mm respectively, which ensures the stability and handling performance of the vehicle. Tyre size is unified as 225/55 R19, with fashionable rim style, which enhances the sense of movement and visual effect of the whole vehicle.

佛山荣威RX5新能源年末降价来袭，最新报价13.59万！优惠不等人

The interior design of Roewe RX5 New Energy focuses on simplicity and fashion, and the overall style focuses on the integration of comfort and technology. The steering wheel is made of leather, which feels comfortable and has the function of manual up and down+front and rear adjustment to meet the individual needs of different drivers. The central control area is equipped with a 12.3-inch central control screen, which supports the voice recognition control of multimedia system, navigation, telephone, air conditioner and skylight, providing convenient operation experience for drivers. In addition, the car is equipped with a variety of multimedia/charging interfaces such as USB, SD and Type-C, and two USB/Type-C interfaces in the front row and the rear row, which are convenient for passengers to use. The seat is made of imitation leather. The main seat has the functions of front and rear adjustment, backrest adjustment and height adjustment (2-way), while the auxiliary seat has the functions of front and rear adjustment and backrest adjustment. The second row of seats supports backrest adjustment, and the rear seats can be tilted in proportion to meet different loading and riding needs.

佛山荣威RX5新能源年末降价来袭，最新报价13.59万！优惠不等人

Roewe RX5 New Energy is equipped with a 1.5T turbocharged engine with a maximum power of 138kW and a maximum torque of 300N·m, and adopts an advanced L4 engine layout. The engine is used with AMT gearbox to provide smooth power output and excellent fuel economy.

According to the owner of car home, the Roewe RX5 new energy is a ceiling, and its front face design is domineering without losing its traditional beauty. The ingenious combination of air intake grille and LED lights, coupled with the design of penetrating lights and hidden door handles, is full of science and technology, and people can recognize the uniqueness of this car at a glance.

ARCFOX polar fox is completely mad, suitable for young people

Although cars can improve the convenience of people’s travel, safety is still an unavoidable topic. Therefore, many car companies have begun to upgrade the safety of their models. Of course, for consumers, a car with complete active and passive safety configurations will be more popular. Many netizens left messages and wanted to see it. Today it came. So whether this car is a mule or a horse, let’s take a look at its actual performance.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of the polar fox koala S. The head style of the polar fox koala S looks calm and unforgettable. At the same time, the headlights present a rounded design style and look very young as a whole. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, delayed closing and so on. Coming to the side of the car body, the size of the car body is 4500 mm * 1870 mm * 1655 mm. The car adopts simple lines, and the car body presents a fashionable and simple design style. With large-sized thick-walled tires, the shape is quite deep. Looking back, the rear of the car looks very sharp, and the taillights give people a very streamlined feeling, which is very atmospheric.

Sitting in the car, the interior design of the polar fox koala S is very avant-garde, which is consistent with the positioning of the car. The steering wheel design of the car is very fashionable and simple, and it is made of leather, which makes the grip full and delicate. Take a look at the central control. The car is equipped with a cool touch-sensitive LCD central control screen, which makes the interior design quite layered and conforms to the mainstream aesthetics. The interior feels good. Let’s take a look at the dashboard and seats. The dashboard of this car presents a fashionable design style and looks very delicate. The car adopts leather seats, equipped with functions such as electric seat adjustment and seat proportion tilting, which further improves the comfort of drivers and passengers.

The polar fox koala s is 120KW, the total torque is 240N.m, and the maximum speed is 160 km/h.

The space in the back row of the polar fox koala S is quite spacious, and there is a certain margin in the head and legs, which can be said to be more than enough for daily use. In addition, the car is equipped with anti-lock braking (ABS), LED daytime running lights, brake assist (EBA/BAS, etc.), braking force distribution (EBD), traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.), main driver airbag, co-pilot airbag, front side airbag and other safety configurations.

This car performs well in terms of space and configuration. As for the design, everyone has everyone’s aesthetics. You might as well go offline to feel it more on weekends.

Ouyang Zhenhua’s Luck and Misfortune

Ouyang Zhenhua, the actor who was once a hit in Hong Kong’s entertainment industry, has recently suffered a series of unfortunate events. The TV series "Forensic Pioneer 4" he starred in disappeared from the hot search list during the hit broadcast, much to the disappointment of many fans. Since the premiere of "Forensic Pioneer" in 2006, the demand for criminal investigation dramas in Hong Kong has reached a peak, and the audience demand for such dramas has also grown. However, the cast change of "Forensic Pioneer 4" has caused many viewers to feel repulsive.

Ouyang Zhenhua’s development in the entertainment industry has not been smooth sailing. As a newcomer, he used to play the role of a dragon suit for a long time. Because of his fierce appearance, he often played villains such as bandits. Ouyang Zhenhua during this period can be described as ill-fated, and he was almost accidentally injured by the real police during the filming process. Fortunately, the crew explained the situation in time to avoid misunderstandings. At the same time, Ouyang Zhenhua’s friend Zhou Xingchi gradually emerged during the same period, transforming from a dragon suit to a male lead. In comparison, Ouyang Zhenhua’s fate seems quite bumpy.

However, Ouyang Zhenhua was not discouraged by this. He asked a friend for advice on how to change his fortune, and the friend suggested that he follow Wu Zhenyu and change his name for transfer. Ouyang Zhenhua followed the advice and changed his original name Ouyang Yaoquan to Ouyang Zhenhua, and indeed his fortune improved. Since then, his works have received widespread attention, and even became a guarantee of audience ratings for a while. However, the good luck did not last long. Ouyang Zhenhua encountered an accident while shooting the film and found that there were serious problems with the script, which led to the need to reshoot. This experience made him deeply regret it, and he will be more cautious when shooting works in the future.

The "Forensic Pioneer" series is undoubtedly the pinnacle of Ouyang Zhenhua’s fortune. The TV series has gained high attention in both Hong Kong and mainland China, and became a masterpiece of the year. However, when "Forensic Pioneer 4" was released, Ouyang Zhenhua failed to continue to star, which made him feel regretful. It is reported that Ouyang Zhenhua once reported the situation to his superiors due to a conflict with Lin Qian, which caused Le Yiling’s dissatisfaction and eventually caused him to lose an important role. Today, Ouyang Zhenhua can no longer continue the glory of "Forensic Pioneer", which makes people sigh at the impermanence of fate.

Despite the twists and turns of life, Ouyang Zhenhua still maintains an optimistic attitude and spends quality time with his wife. His wife, a former daughter of Stanley Ho, took the initiative to pursue him because of her admiration for his qualities, and the relationship between the two has been stable. Ouyang Zhenhua always has the support and encouragement of his wife in the face of difficulties, which is also a key factor in his ability to get through difficulties.

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The ＂Super King Fried＂ in the air conditioning industry! Xiaomi’s next-generation air conditioner is about to be released

Xiaomi announced that it will hold a new product launch event on March 29.

This conference will bring many new products such as mobile phones, home appliances, notebooks, etc. Mobile phones include Xiaomi Mi 11 Ultra, Xiaomi Mi 11 Pro, and Xiaomi MIX new products. Notebooks are the new Xiaomi Notebook Pro, and home appliances are a new generation of air conditioners.

On March 25, Wang Xiaoyan, Vice President of Xiaomi Group China, preheated the new Xiaomi air conditioner.Emphasize that Xiaomi’s newly defined next-generation air conditioner will be the existence of the "super king fried" level in the air conditioner industry, please witness it together.

It is reported that,The new generation of Xiaomi air conditioners features mobile-grade process screens, and it will be the chief inspection officer for indoor air health.

The poster shows that Xiaomi’s new generation of air conditioners is equipped with a circular screen that is expected to display various parameters such as temperature, WiFi, and air quality.

At present, the Xiaomi air conditioner product line has covered on-hook and cabinet machines, and the performance ranges from one to three horses larger.Now that Xiaomi is about to launch the next generation of air conditioners, it is expected to make great efforts in the traditional home appliance industry.