分类： cc

The budget of 150,000-200,000 yuan is limited to pure electric home SUVs, and many of them can’t avoid BYD Song PLUS EV, because its influence can’t be underestimated in terms of market sales, word of mouth and product strength. However, with the intensification of the involution of domestic new energy vehicles, more and more Houlang has also come up with solid product skills and sincere pricing, which constantly attracts consumers’ attention in car selection. The polar fox Alpha T5, which was listed soon, is a good example.

(Extreme Fox Alpha T5)

(BYD Song PLUS EV)

The guide price range of the Extreme Fox Alfa T5 is 155.8-199.8 million yuan. Compared with BYD Song PLUS EV with the guide price range of 169.8-209.8 million yuan, the lower pricing of Houlang is somewhat "unlucky". Now that they are tit for tat, and both cars focus on home use scenes, when will they stay without shining their swords?

Below, let’s compare two specific models, namely, the Extreme Fox Alfa T5 2024 660MAX and BYD Song PLUS EV 2023 Champion Edition 605KM Flagship PLUS, to see who is the household hexagonal warrior. (The comparison models are abbreviated as: Extreme Fox Alpha T5 and Song PLUS EV)

(Extreme Fox Alpha T5)

(Extreme Fox Alpha T5)

In terms of appearance design, the angular lines and flat headlight groups that can be seen everywhere in the front of the Extreme Fox Alpha T5 cater to the front of the car with a lower posture, so there is no need to worry about the visual sense of the front face. The same is true for the side and the rear of the car. The side shape of the polar fox Alpha T5 looks very linear, and the front/rear of the car has a certain push-down design and hidden door handles, which also makes its drag coefficient only 0.245Cd. At the rear of the car, the penetrating light group of the Extreme Fox Alpha T5 is the mainstream design, which can also be seen here in Song PLUS EV.

(BYD Song PLUS EV)

(BYD Song PLUS EV)

The difference is that Song PLUS EV’s latest generation of Longyan aesthetic design, although it has a strong sense of movement and young style, such as the design of a simpler front, a more full sense of side/tail lines and a penetrating taillight group, all indicate that the new Song PLUS EV wants to be recognized by more young people. However, personally, Song PLUS EV is still inclined to the tonality of atmosphere and stability. After all, the outline of the lines, the blackened elements and the light group of the polar fox Alpha T5 are the elements that young consumers prefer.

In terms of size, the length of the Song PLUS EV has certain advantages, and the Extreme Fox Alpha T5 will be more eye-catching in terms of car width, wheelbase and model level. In the external configuration of vehicles, both vehicles are equipped with electric tailgate, front sound insulation glass and keyless entry system. However, Song PLUS EV only provides keyless entry in the front row. When it is used in scenes such as family trips and self-driving trips, it is not as convenient for family members to open the door as Alpha T5.

(Extreme Fox Alpha T5)

Inside the car, for friends who care about the texture and grade of the interior, these two cars will not let everyone down. The polar fox Alpha T5 and Song PLUS EV are covered with materials with good texture in the areas within reach and visible to the naked eye, such as a large number of leather packages in the cockpit and metal plaques.

(BYD Song PLUS EV)

In the interior design, there are almost no physical buttons in the central control of the Extreme Fox Alpha T5, and most functions are integrated in the 15.6-inch central control screen. The technological atmosphere and minimalism are well created, and this style is also liked by many young consumers. The cockpit design of Song PLUS EV is more traditional, such as the layout of air conditioning outlet and central control T-zone, which will be more like an oil truck. This kind of style is also deeply loved by many consumers, especially those who have made the transition from oil cars to trams, and many of them are used to physical buttons. As for which cockpit experience is better, it varies from person to person.

(Extreme Fox Alpha T5)

(BYD Song PLUS EV)

But what is certain is that the polar fox Alpha T5 will have more say than the Song PLUS EV in the intelligent performance of the cockpit. The screens of both cars are 15.6 inches. From the function point of view, both cars have the mainstream apps of car ecology, such as WeChat, karaoke, playing games, audio and video freedom, etc., which are not a problem. The Qualcomm 8155 chip is built into the Extreme Fox Alpha T5, which is synonymous with silky feeling of lathe in the industry, but we haven’t seen it here in Song PLUS EV.

(Extreme Fox Alpha T5)

(Extreme Fox Alpha T5)

In addition, the polar fox Alpha T5 voice assistant has four-tone wake-up recognition, visible speaking, continuous instruction recognition, support for HiCar, original factory interconnection/mapping function, and 3D dynamic navigation brought by 22.8-inch HUD head-up display, etc., and Song PLUS EV did not give it. This series of configurations has greatly improved the car experience. For example, the HUD head-up display allows the driver to check the speed and navigation without diverting his eyes. The four-tone voice wake-up also allows the voice assistant to be the private secretary of every member of the family.

(Extreme Fox Alpha T5)

(BYD Song PLUS EV)

In terms of intelligent driving assistance, the α-Pilot assisted driving system of Extreme Fox Alpha T5 and the DiPilot assisted driving system of Song PLUS EV have reached L2 level. In addition to the basic operations of 360-degree panoramic image /540-degree transparent image, the two cars are also equipped with functions such as full-speed adaptive endurance, lane keeping, parallel assistance and automatic parking.

(Extreme Fox Alpha T5)

(BYD Song PLUS EV)

In terms of hardware, the number of millimeter-wave radars and ultrasonic radars will reach 6 and 12 respectively under the blessing of the intellectual driving rights package presented with the car, but the two millimeter-wave radars and 12 ultrasonic radars equipped with Song PLUS EV have no advantage. Song PLUS EV is not equipped with intelligent driving functions, such as automatic lane-changing assistance, tracking and reversing, and starting reminder of the preceding vehicle.

(Extreme Fox Alpha T5)

(BYD Song PLUS EV)

In terms of ride experience, the front row of Polar Fox Alpha T5 provides electric adjustment of main and auxiliary drivers/seat memory/heating, and the main driver’s seat has lumbar support adjustment. Song PLUS EV provides electric adjustment/heating/ventilation for the main and auxiliary drivers in the front row, but neither of them has seat memory or lumbar support adjustment. In contrast, the front seat configuration of the two cars has its own advantages. In terms of riding experience, the seat texture, side support and head space of the two cars are all good. The test passengers with a height of 177cm sit in the front rows of the two cars respectively, and after the sitting posture is adjusted to the lowest, they all get over 1 fist space.

(Extreme Fox Alpha T5)

(BYD Song PLUS EV)

In the back row, the legroom of both cars can give more than two punches, and the cushion support is not bad, and the sedentary experience as a whole can be well received. However, the seat heating is also provided in the rear row of the Extreme Fox Alpha T5. If the whole family is traveling by car, especially in the Northeast where the fire broke out recently, this configuration is undoubtedly very popular.

Knowing the appearance and cockpit, let’s take a look at the performance of the two cars in terms of battery life and performance. In the battery life, the polar fox Alpha T5 is equipped with a ternary lithium battery with a capacity of 79.2kWh, with a pure battery life range of 660km and a power consumption of 13.9kWh per 100 km. Song PLUS EV is equipped with a lithium iron phosphate battery with a capacity of 87.04kWh. The pure electric mileage of CLTC is 605km, and the power consumption per 100 km is 14.1kWh. It can be seen that the battery capacity of the Extreme Fox Alpha T5 is smaller, but the pure electric cruising range is longer. According to the analysis, apart from the wind resistance coefficient of 0.245Cd, the efficiency of the polar front power system developed by the polar fox Alpha T5 is 95%, and the energy management of the pre-test is also helpful for the polar fox Alpha T5 to achieve excellent energy consumption.

(Extreme Fox Alpha T5)

In addition, regarding the charging efficiency that everyone cares about, the Arctic Fox Alpha T5 with 800V high-voltage overcharge platform has a fast charging peak power of 260kW, which can increase the pure battery life by 260km in 10 minutes, and it only takes 17 minutes to charge to 80% of the battery. The peak power of fast charging of Song PLUS EV is 140kW, and it takes 0.47 hours to fast charge to 80% of the power. This charging efficiency was a year or two ago, which was still the first level in the industry. However, with the advent of the era of high-voltage overcharge, such as facing the 800V fast charging of Extreme Fox Alpha T5, the charging efficiency of Song PLUS EV is inevitably slightly inferior.

(BYD Song PLUS EV)

With regard to battery safety, neither the Extreme Fox Alpha T5 nor the Song PLUS EV need to worry. The former Aurora battery has three durable scenarios of "extremely cold and extremely hot alternation", "high temperature and high humidity aging" and "salt spray accelerated corrosion" for continuous serial verification. The latter blade battery also passed the rigorous acupuncture test, and there was no violent combustion and high temperature.

(Extreme Fox Alpha T5)

(BYD Song PLUS EV)

In terms of power, both cars are equipped with front single motor. The maximum power of the polar fox Alpha T5 motor is 200kW, the peak torque is 360N·m, and the acceleration time from 0 to 100 km/h is 7.5 seconds. The Song PLUS EV motor has a maximum power of 160kW and a peak torque of 330 N m. The official acceleration time of 0-100km/h has not been announced, but it is understood that the 8.02-second 0-100km/h acceleration performance measured by Che Di will be slightly slower than that of the Extreme Fox Alpha T5.

(Extreme Fox Alpha T5)

(BYD Song PLUS EV)

In the chassis part, both cars are mainly for home use, and the suspension is also a four-wheel single suspension with conventional McPherson front suspension and rear multi-link structure. However, the Lingyun chassis of Extreme Fox Alfa T5 has won the "Top Ten Pure Electric Chassis in China", and the aluminum alloy materials and driving of the chassis are optimized and adjusted. Taking the elk test as an example, the measured result of the polar fox Alpha T5 is 76km/h, and that of the Song PLUS EV is 70.2km/h, so it can be seen intuitively that there will be some differences in chassis performance or driving control between the two vehicles.

(Extreme Fox Alpha T5)

(BYD Song PLUS EV)

Editor’s comment:

From the comparison, if you want to say who is the "hexagonal warrior" of the pure electric home SUV, the Extreme Fox Alpha T5 and BYD Song PLUS EV will definitely count. On the face value and interior texture, both cars are three good students; In terms of space, seat configuration and pure electric cruising range, both of them can also play in competing products at the same price. But in terms of my post-95 aesthetic, I personally prefer the design style of Extreme Fox Alpha T5. Including pure electric cruising range, 0-100km/h acceleration and chassis texture, the Extreme Fox Alpha T5 also has an advantage. On the balance, in the "Hexagon Warrior" score of the two cars, the post-wave player Extreme Fox Alpha T5 scored naturally higher.

　　"Students may not feel it at first, but after a few times, they will find that they can’t afford the money, and they are afraid to ask for it from home. They can only repay the loan by loan, from a few thousand yuan at the beginning to tens of thousands of yuan, and finally exceed the limit that a family can bear … … Do students know that parents have made great efforts just to earn thousands of dollars, but these efforts have finally become someone else’s wedding clothes … …”

　　Recently, Li Xiaokang (a pseudonym), a 19-year-old boy, sent a special letter to the editorial department of Shanxi Evening News. The key word of the letter was "online loan platform".

　　Li Xiaokang, a native of Lvliang, originally studied in a university in the provincial capital. However, after only one semester, he finally chose to drop out of school … because he owed 150,000 yuan with interest on the usury campus online loan platform, which made poor families owe a lot of foreign debts for repayment, plus various dunning on the loan platform. …

　　The wonderful college life ended like this, which caught him off guard. So, he wrote down his experience and wanted to sound the alarm for more college students and students who are about to enter the university.

　　AIn order to earn tuition fees, I started a business and lost money on the online loan platform.

　　Li Xiaokang’s home is in Lvliang, and his family makes a living by farming. Seeing his parents’ hard work, Li Xiaokang wanted to earn his own tuition. After entering the university, he tried to start his own business and start a second-hand car business in partnership with his good friend Kun Wang (a pseudonym). But not long after, there was a deficit because of mistakes, and the capital turnover could not be opened. Anxious to make up for the deficit, the two men were embarrassed to ask for money from home. At this time, Kun Wang occasionally found a campus online loan platform, which was actually a link to a website. The other party said that it was a welfare for college students, and only students could use such a convenient way.

　　A sum of money can be borrowed in a short time, so the two decided to lend. They borrowed nearly 4,000 yuan through this platform, but because the platform had to deduct related interest and other expenses, they finally got only 2,000 yuan. Although I don’t get much money, the operation is very simple, and the other party will call or send a message to remind me how to operate. "Just open the website link sent by the other party and click it several times ‘ Agree ’ You can complete the operation, and after an hour or two, the money will hit your card. " Li Xiaokang said that when paying back the money, he will call the bank card or Alipay account according to the requirements of the other party.

　　I thought they could pay back the money soon after the capital turnover opened, but I didn’t expect the business to improve, and I lost a lot. They lost their ability to repay. After that, they can only repay the loan by loan, and borrow money from other online lending platforms to repay the 4000 yuan. Li Xiaokang said: "Some loan platforms have very high interest rates. For example, if you borrow 1000 yuan, he will only give you 700 yuan and then let you return it to 1000 yuan within a week." In this way, it is equivalent to borrowing 700 yuan within one week, but the interest will reach 300 yuan. Li Xiaokang knows that such a platform has a high interest rate, but compared with banks, this platform can get money very quickly, so he has to bite the bullet and rob Peter to pay Paul. "Some platforms will tell you how much interest to pay back, and some platforms are just like cheating people. You have no idea how high the interest will be. After a day’s delay, I didn’t pay back the money in time, and the next day I had more 280 yuan. "

　　Rob Peter to pay Paul is much more, and interest is rolling in. In just half a year, Li Xiaokang and Kun Wang borrowed a total of more than 80,000 yuan, but only 40,000 yuan was actually obtained. Finally, 150,000 yuan with interest was returned, most of which was borrowed by Li Xiaokang.

　　BThere is a lot of pressure to pay off debts, and there are many ways to collect money. He chose to drop out of school and work.

　　In addition to these debts, the various dunning methods of the platform also caused Li Xiaokang to collapse. "Some platforms will get your address book, call the counselor and send text messages to your friends, classmates and relatives; Others called and said, ‘ We are still collecting money in a civilized way. Don’t wait for those who collect money to come to you. They have various means. ’” Li Xiaokang said.

　　Li Xiaokang’s father, Li Shifu, knew that his son was in debt, and it was also because of debt collection. One day in the first month of this year, a debt call was made to Li Shifu’s mobile phone. Due to the poor conditions at home, he can only borrow money everywhere and help his son pay back more than 100 thousand yuan, but he doesn’t know how much is left. Li Shifu said: "I can only borrow money from my relatives to help him pay back some. In short, don’t let him get into debt." Li Shifu was completely unaware of his son’s second-hand car business. He said that his son was outside all the year round, and the father and son didn’t communicate well.

　　Li Xiaokang and his father once went to the public security department for consultation. The police told them that there were so many such things that they could only be solved by going to court through legal channels, and they could not help. Li Xiaokang said: "I think since these platforms can exist in the mobile phone software market, they must have their own legitimate reasons. It is too difficult for us to sue. It’ s really embarrassing to let my father follow me. Some phone calls are rude, and I always talk about human life. I spend every day in fear. "

　　Because of his son’s high debts, Li Shifu has aged a lot in just half a year, and his bones are not as strong as before.

　　Before finishing his freshman year, Li Xiaokang dropped out of school and worked outside to earn money, hoping to pay back the arrears as soon as possible. On July 18, when the reporter contacted Li Xiaokang again, he said that although his father helped him pay back most of the money, he also paid back some money by working for himself in recent months, but the money he owed was still not paid off because of the high interest rate, and now he still owes tens of thousands of yuan.

　　Regarding his son’s dropping out of school, Li Shifu said: "One reason is that he doesn’t want to study, and he wants to continue to pay back the money. The burden at home is too heavy; Another reason is that debtors always make threatening phone calls, and I am also afraid that my son is not safe. " Speaking of which, he sighed heavily.

　　Li Xiaokang dropped out of school. Because the loan amount is small, Kun Wang’s family helped him repay the loan, and he is still attending school normally. Li Xiaokang especially wants to say to other college students: "As a student, if you know the hard-won truth of money and who really loves you, you won’t hurt your parents." If you communicate directly with your parents, I believe that your parents will definitely forgive you. But if you don’t take the initiative to say it, your future will be destroyed in your own hands. "

　　CPoor students can complete their studies with low-interest loans and scholarships.

　　Regarding Li Xiaokang’s dropping out of school, Mr. Zhang, a counselor when he was in college, said that Li Xiaokang’s incident made him feel very sorry. As far as he knows, Li Xiaokang worked outside to help his family reduce the burden before entering school, and became a monitor after going to college. "In fact, the school strengthens education for students every year and holds theme class meetings to prevent students from contacting these non-performing loans."

　　Li Xiaokang’s classmates also said that Xiaokang was never extravagant, frugal and independent. He went out to work to earn money. As soon as he heard that he was still doing business, his classmates all looked at him with new eyes. "We don’t know about his loan, he is stronger, and what he can handle generally won’t ask others. We all think that he will be a promising person in the future. " A classmate said.

　　After Li Xiaokang went to college, he chose to do his own business to make money, and fell into the dilemma of campus online loan. Then, if the family is poor, can students finish college smoothly? The reporter interviewed the teacher of a university in the provincial capital. The teacher said that from the moment the university admission notice was issued, it said: If the family is in difficulty, you can apply for a loan through specific procedures. Students who borrow money only need to pay it back when they graduate from college, and the interest rate is very low. This is a national policy specifically for poor students. In addition, all schools have scholarships, and the distribution area is relatively wide. In addition, some bosses or entrepreneurs will also provide donations. Now, in all public colleges and universities, as long as students follow normal procedures, there is no problem in completing four years of study, even if the family is difficult.

　　DCampus online lending platform is still "active" on campus.

　　The reporter randomly asked several college students, and they were all familiar with the campus online loan platform. "When I first went to college, the counselor told us, and said that some students used illegal campus loans before, which led to very serious consequences." Xiao Zhang, who is studying at taiyuan normal College, said. Several other college students also said that teachers often warn everyone about the dangers of usury online lending platforms during meetings, and will show short films of students who have dropped out of school because of borrowing money from online lending platforms, telling students who have any difficulties to find a teacher and never touch these online lending platforms.

　　However, the usury online lending platform did not quit the campus. During the interview, many college students said that they had seen small advertisements such as "0 interest", "loan with loan" and "only two hours" on school toilets and telephone poles, which were all propaganda made by online lending platforms. They said that some students also act as agents of online lending platforms in order to earn money or pay back the loans they owe. "At the beginning, I was commensurate with my buddies and friends and gave generously. Once I got the money, I changed my face and asked other people to ask for high interest." A student said that these agents get a commission for bringing people in, and after students borrow money, they will also receive a commission in proportion. The more students borrow, the more commission they get. Behind them is a team, including finance department, loan department and audit department, with a clear division of labor.

　　Pervasive publicity and the wooing of "brothers" and "buddies" made some people who didn’t want to borrow money at first start to borrow money because of a small amount. According to the reporter’s interview, the amount of these people’s loans at first is not large, generally not more than 10,000 yuan. Some are to buy equipment for games, some are to buy new mobile phones, and some girls want to buy some bags and clothes … … Most students who use the usury online loan platform once will use it many times again. Because of the high interest rate, they are afraid to tell their families that they have to continue to make mistakes until the creditors come to collect debts.

　　"The reason why there are online loans and some people are trapped is because some students have problems in their minds. They want to live better, so they use their brains and want to buy high-end items through some simple channels. Students must have a correct outlook on life, values and ideas. " A teacher of Shanxi Industrial and Commercial College said.

　　EIt is suggested that college students learn financial knowledge to prevent being cheated.

　　Why is the interest of online lending platform so high? We interviewed Mr. Shi, the account manager of a bank in the provincial capital. For example, Mr. Shi said that if you borrow 10,000 yuan from a regular bank for a period of one year, the bank will only calculate the interest once in one year, which is the annual interest rate of 10,000 yuan. Some illegal usury online lending platforms will calculate interest 365 times in one year. On the first day, the interest of 10,000 yuan will be calculated. On the second day, yesterday’s principal and interest will become today’s principal. In this way, the interest rate will be very high in one year.

　　Mr. Shi also added: "Some illegal platforms have also drilled loopholes. Regular banks do not need to collect deposits or deduct interest in advance. These platforms take advantage of the lack of financial common sense of college students and only say that it is convenient, fast to use money and low in interest rates. When students use it, there will be fees, deposits and high interest rates waiting for them. In essence, they are using this information asymmetry to make huge profits. " Mr. Shi suggested that college students strengthen their financial knowledge study to prevent being cheated.

　　The staff of the Provincial Banking Regulatory Bureau told reporters that they have also strengthened the awareness of preventing financial risks among college students through financial classes, financial lectures, questionnaires and other forms. "We attach great importance to this issue and have done enough financial publicity. Every year, we will go to the campus to explain financial knowledge to students, and we will also broadcast propaganda films that have serious consequences caused by bad campus online lending platforms."

　　It is understood that in order to further strengthen the supervision and rectification of the campus online loan platform and control the chaos from the source, six ministries and commissions, including the China Banking Regulatory Commission and the Ministry of Education, issued the Notice on Further Strengthening the Renovation of Campus Online Loan, and all regions have stepped up the rectification of the campus online loan business of online loan information intermediaries. Institutions established without the approval of the banking supervision and management department may not enter the campus to provide credit services for college students; Suspension of online lending institutions to carry out online lending business for college students; Comprehensive policy, colleges and universities should take the risk prevention and comprehensive management of campus online loan platform as a major task to maintain the safety and stability of schools at present, and so on.

　　FHow should students protect their rights and interests when borrowing money?

　　How should students protect their own interests when borrowing money? The reporter interviewed Cheng Jianguo, a lawyer of Shanxi Fengyong Law Firm. Cheng Jianguo pointed out that, first of all, according to the Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in the Trial of Private Lending Cases, the interest rate agreed by both lenders and borrowers did not exceed 24% per annum, and the court should support the lender’s request for the borrower to pay interest at the agreed interest rate. The interest rate agreed by the borrower and the borrower exceeds the annual interest rate of 36%, and the interest agreement exceeding the part is invalid. The court shall support the borrower’s request to the lender to return the interest that has been paid in excess of 36% per annum. Cheng Jianguo explained: "In other words, the law does not protect the interest that exceeds the annual interest rate of 36%. If the borrower feels that the interest he wants to repay is higher than this interest rate, he can go to court to file a lawsuit to determine how much debt he should repay. The so-called service fee, referral fee, deposit, etc. are all pretexts, but they should also be included in the interest. When the court makes a ruling, it will also consider this part of the factor. As for some platforms, the way of forced debt collection is too intense, and there are cases of infringement of private houses. You can also bring a lawsuit to the court. "

　　Cheng Jianguo added: "According to national laws, interest cannot be deducted in advance from loans, and the calculation of interest principal should be based on the principal actually obtained by the borrower. However, because of their lack of legal knowledge, college students may have evidence against them. For example, it is clear that these platforms only give you 700 yuan, but let you type 1000 yuan’s IOUs. In the future, 1000 yuan’s IOUs will be unfavorable to borrowers. Therefore, be vigilant in this regard. "

　　Cheng Jianguo believes that college students must be cautious when using the campus online loan platform; Secondly, self-discipline, rational consumption, obedience to the relevant education and regulations of the school, and timely communication with parents when problems arise; College students should start from reality, start from their own majors and do what they can.

China has a long history of folk culture, of which "Five Blessingg" culture is an important part. With the change of the times, these cultures are constantly changing in a figurative form, among which "Xi" is the only word that expresses emotions. Chinese is known as the "Xi" complex, commonly known as "Xi" is one of Five Blessingg, and regards "Xi" as happiness.

The word "Xi" is a descriptive word to express emotions, and the word "Xi" created by the ancients is a knowing display of people’s psychological performance. The word "happiness" is used to express the meaning of "happiness in the heart, which is superficial". The original initial text used a drum shape and a mouth shape to express happiness. Later, he held a word "Ji" in both hands, and added a smiling mouth shape below to create a vivid expression.

　

　

Since ancient times, Chinese has collectively referred to happiness, happiness, good deeds and pleasures as "happy events". People have also created two symbols for happy characters, one is "Jubilee" and the other is "Xi", which are called double happiness, and both of them have the meaning of expressing the happiness of a happy event.

The word "Jubilee" is mainly used in festive occasions, such as the coming of the Spring Festival, and it is customary to paste "Jubilee" on doors or beams. The word "Xi" in Shuo Wen Jie Zi is interpreted as "Li Ji Ye." In Ci Yuan, the word "Xi" is interpreted as "Fu". Therefore, "Congratulations on the New Year" has the meaning of "giving a gift and blessing". "Xi" is composed of "show" and "happiness", which means "seeing happiness" and "showing happiness" "Everything goes well, everything goes well" is "Jubilee".

　

Jubilee (paper-cut), with pine and cypress embedded in the middle.

The word "Xi" is more used to render the atmosphere in wedding occasions. The word "Xi" evolved from the words "Xi" and "Xi". "Xi" is the combination of two happy characters, which contains the meaning of husband and wife’s love and everlasting love. The word "Xi" naturally becomes synonymous with marriage. In the traditional wedding custom, on the wedding day, both men and women paste the word "happy red" on their own doors and streets. It is customary for the man to paste the word "Xi" and the woman to paste the word "Xi". However, the influence of "Xi" is far less than that of "Xi".

　

Baixitu

Happy patterns and auspicious pictures

[Sixi doll]

Sixi doll is actually a kind of folk art modeling, which adopts the shared shape in conformal modeling, and it is modeled by the partial overlap and borrowing of shape and shape in geometry.

　

Paper-cut Sixi doll

The four-happiness doll picture is a common theme. In the Qing Dynasty, the Wuzi Rises in Suzhou Taohuawu New Year Picture and the Lunar New Year Picture of Jiujiu Eliminating Cold in Hebei Wuqiang New Year Picture adopted this conjoined composition modeling. It can be seen that the four-happiness doll, as a festive theme, is widely spread, and people put it at home or hang it on the wall in order to attract happiness.

　

In the Qing Dynasty, Wuqiang New Year Picture of Hebei Province, The Picture of Eliminating Cold in 1999, was also called Five Children and One Hundred percent.

The "99 Cold Relief Map" is a masterpiece of Wuqiang New Year pictures, which depicts four seasons of flowers: peony, lotus, chrysanthemum and camellia, as well as treasures such as disc length, wishful thinking, money, sheng spring, coral and fire dragon ball, as well as the zodiac. It was originally a record of the weather, so it was named "99 Cold Relief Map". The picture is five children fighting for the head, which is divided into two groups. One group is two dolls changing into four dolls (four happiness); One group is three dolls into six dolls (Liushun), which adds up to five dolls into ten dolls, which means "five children are 100%". Ingenious conception makes people think.

"Happiness is just around the corner"

Among the auspicious patterns in China, there is an auspicious picture called "Happiness is in sight", which shows that magpies and ancient money match, and the two magpies are opposite to each other and look at the ancient money in the middle. Magpie, taking the meaning of "happiness"; The word "Qian" in ancient money is homophonic with the word "Qian" in front of it, and the hole in the money is the eye, so the eye of the money represents the eye in front of us, and the combination of magpie and ancient money also expresses the meaning that the happy event is just around the corner.

Happiness is in sight (1)

Happiness is in sight (1)

[merrily]

The auspicious picture "Happy Land" is a picture of badger and magpie, badger looks up at the sky, magpie flies to the ground, and the two look at each other, forming a harmonious picture of animals and birds. Badger’s badger harmonizes people’s joyful "Huan", and the first word of magpie is "Xi", which represents people’s inner joy and shows the meaning of "joyous".

Happily (pattern: badger+magpie)

[good news map]

The good news picture, composed of leopards and magpies, expresses the meaning of the good news of the report. In the old days, the leopard pattern was a symbol of Jue Lu’s honor: in the Ming Dynasty, the military attaché s embroidered tiger and leopard patterns, while in the Qing Dynasty, the military attaché s embroidered leopard patterns. In the picture of good news, the word "Bao" reported by the homophonic word "Leopard" and the word "Xi" written by the magpie symbolize a happy mood of people.

Good news (pattern: leopard+magpie)

【 Tongxi 】

The auspicious picture composed by the combination of tung tree and magpie is called Tongxi. Tung tree and Tong are homonyms, and magpie’s happiness symbolizes people’s joyful modality. Since ancient times, tung trees have been regarded as auspicious trees, and there is a saying that phoenix trees attract phoenix trees. Magpies stand on tung branches, and jiamu and Lingniao are auspicious things. Being happy with each other naturally expresses the auspicious meaning of "happiness together".

Tongxi (pattern: magpie+tung tree)

Good news for spring 】

Since ancient times, people have regarded magpies as auspicious birds, and plum trees are hardy and bloom in cold years, which indicates auspicious celebrations. This auspicious meaning is often taken in Spring Festival couplets: "Spring, summer, autumn, winter and spring are the first, and plum, plum, peach, apricot and plum are the first." It is said that the opening of plum blossoms first brought people the news of spring. In the picture, the plum blossom indicates that spring is coming, and the magpie opens its mouth to sing to announce good news, which is extended here, giving the meaning of announcing spring and indicating good news for early spring.

Good news, Chunxian.

[double happiness]

The expression of the auspicious picture "Double Happiness" is both simple and novel. It is worthy of congratulations to draw two magpies, one for one happiness and the other for two happiness. This expression method was very popular in the Song Dynasty.

"Double Happiness" [Song] by Cui Bai.

[Look up and be happy]

Spiders are mascots, mainly because spiders have a nickname "Xunzi", which is homophonic with "Xi". Therefore, the folk custom thinks that spiders are auspicious, which originated from the Han Dynasty.

　

"Looking Up and Seeing Happiness" by Xinyu Pu

"Er Ya Shi Insect" Note: "Spiders call for joy." As for the omen of spiders, the book Mao Shi, Grass, Birds, Animals, Fish and Insects, written by Lu Ji of the Jin Dynasty, said: In Hanoi, Jingzhou, people call spiders hi-mothers, and spiders are attached to people’s clothes. When relatives and guests arrive, they are happy.

Because of these legends and records, spiders have always been messengers who bring people good luck and happiness. So the spider hangs down from the internet, named "Looking Up to See Happiness", or "Happy Doors" and "Happiness from the Sky", which means that a happy event suddenly comes and people are overjoyed.

　

Happiness descended from heaven (1)

Happiness comes from heaven (2)

The pattern is like a spider hanging from top to bottom, accompanied by mascots such as loquat, cherry, garlic and calamus. The ancients compared the spider to Jiguang, and the spider fell from its nest, which meant that happiness fell from the sky and that it suddenly met an unexpected happy event.

　

Zhong Kui decorated with spiders is also one of the common auspicious paintings of the Dragon Boat Festival. In the Qing Dynasty, Zhong Kui, a handsome donkey-riding god in Suzhou Taohuawu, was accompanied by a servant kid who burst an umbrella. Zhong Kui, holding the dental cymbal in his hand, visually observed the bats flying in the air ahead or the spiders hanging from it, symbolizing "Happiness comes from the sky" and "Happiness comes from the sky", which is full of festive colors.

?Happiness descended from heaven (New Year Pictures of Taohuawu in Suzhou in Qing Dynasty)

"Happiness from Heaven" (Fan) by Wang Zhen

Related recommendations:[Folk Five Blessingg-Illustrated Fu Culture]

→→→→→ [Folk Five Blessingg-Illustrated Lu Culture]

→→→→→?[Folk Five Blessingg-Illustrated Life Culture]

→→→→→?[Folk custom Five Blessingg-Illustrated wealth culture]

　

Source: Beijing Evening News-North Night New Vision Network

Written by: immune meow with picky eaters

Source: gossip Immunology

one

The evolution of species diversity and struggle for existence have produced a complex host defense system, which relies on natural immunity, first single-celled eukaryotes, and then adaptive immunity in tissues and developing eukaryotes. Natural immunity was first expounded at the end of 19th century, and Elie Metchnikoff introduced the word "macrophage", which means "macro = big and phage = eater”。 Monocytes/macrophages are a small group of white blood cells determined by their location, phenotype, morphology and gene expression profile.

Monocytes account for 4-10% of nucleated cells in normal peripheral blood. In blood, the half-life of monocytes is less than 20 hours. For many years, it has been assumed that macrophages are completely differentiated from circulating monocytes, but the recent morphological and functional differences between these cells refute this hypothesis.

Recent research evidence shows that macrophages in most adult tissues are sown before birth, and during embryonic development, they are transferred from.yolk sacIt has the ability of self-renewal and is maintained independently of monocytes. In addition,Each organ has its own unique combination of embryos and adult macrophages..

Embryonic macrophages participate in tissue reconstruction, while adult macrophages mainly assist host defense. In addition to these differences, we also observed that embryonic macrophages and adult macrophages coexist in many different organs.

2

According to their anatomical location and functional phenotype, macrophages can be divided intoMicroglial cell、osteoclast、pm, spleen tissue cells and interstitial connective tissue, liver interstitial connective tissue and kupffer cells.

There are also different types of macrophages in the intestine, which have different phenotypes and functions, but work together to maintain tolerance to normal intestinal flora and oral antigens.

There are also different numbers of macrophages in the secondary lymphoid organs, including macrophages in the marginal area of spleen, which inhibit the natural immunity and adaptive immunity to apoptotic cells, and sinus macrophages under the capsule of lymph nodes, which remove the virus in lymph and start the antiviral immune response.

differentMacrophages exist in immune immune immune sites., such as the brain, eyes and testicles, these parts are inTissue remodelinganddynamic balancePlay a central role. These tissue-specific macrophages devour dead cells, debris, foreign antigens and materials, organize the inflammatory process, and recruit more macrophages as needed.

three

Macrophages are remarkable plastic cells, which can be obtained fromConversion from one phenotype to another.. Macrophage polarization is a process. Macrophages show specific phenotypes and make functional responses to microenvironment stimuli and signals encountered in each specific tissue.

Local cytokine environment can localize macrophage polarization. The two subsets of macrophages with different functions include classic activated or inflammatory (M1) and alternately activated or anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages. This phenomenon of these two different M1/M2 phenotypes is called.Macrophage polarization.

M1 macrophageIt is usually induced by the recognition of Th1 cytokines (such as IFN-γ and T NF-α) or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These macrophages produce and secrete high levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23 and COX-2, while the level of IL-10 is low.

Functionally, M1 macrophages participate in the elimination of pathogens during infection by activating nicotinamide adenine phosphodinucleotide (NADPH) oxidase system and then producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, M1 macrophages have strong anti-microbial and anti-tumor activities, mediating tissue damage caused by reactive oxygen species, damaging tissue regeneration and wound healing. In order to prevent this kind of tissue damage, the anti-inflammatory effect of M2 macrophages inhibits the chronic inflammatory reaction by regulating the mechanism.

M2 macrophageSTAT6 is activated by IL-4 receptor α(IL-4Rα) and polarized by Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, which has anti-inflammatory effect. Besides IL-4 and IL-13, cytokines such as IL-10 can also regulate M2 polarization by activating STAT 3 through IL-10 receptor (IL-10 R).

IL-33It is a cytokine related to Th2 in IL-1 family and can induce M2 polarization. It is characterized by up-regulating arginase-1(arg-1), CCL 17 and CCL 24, thus mediating pulmonary eosinophilia and airway inflammation.

IL-21It is another Th2-related cytokine that drives M2 polarization. M2 macrophages have the characteristics of anti-inflammatory cytokines, which are characterized by low production of IL-12 and high production of IL-10 and TGF-β.

Functionally, M2 macrophages have strong phagocytosis, which can remove debris and apoptotic cells, promote tissue repair and wound healing, and promote angiogenesis and fibrosis. Therefore, generally speaking, M2 cells participate in Th2 response and parasite clearance, inhibit inflammation, promote tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, immune regulation, tumor formation and progress.

However, the M1/M2 phenotype does not reflect different phenotypic subsets of macrophages. According to the activation stimulus received, M2 macrophages can be further divided into four types.M2A, M2B, M2C and M2DDifferent subgroups of the composition.

M2aMacrophage subsets can be induced by IL-4 and IL-13, producing high levels of CD206, bait receptor IL-1 receptor II(IL-RII) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA).

Immune complex (ICs) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists or IL-1 receptor ligands can induce M2b subgroup.M2bMacrophages simultaneously produce anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6 and α-α.

M2cCells were induced by glucocorticoid and IL-10, and showed strong anti-inflammatory effect on apoptotic cells by releasing a large amount of IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β.

Finally, TLR agonist induced the fourth M2 macrophage through adenosine receptor agonist.M2d.

The activated receptor of adenosine then inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, induces anti-inflammatory secretion of cytokines (high IL-10, low IL-12) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEG F), thus providing a drug withTumor associated macrophages (TAMS)The angiogenic characteristics of the characteristic. M2 macrophages exposed to M1 signal, or conversely, induced differentiated macrophages to "repolarize" or "reprogram" is another evidence that they have high functional plasticity and can potentially pursue therapeutic goals.

four

hugeMigration of phagocytes

Monocytes and macrophages migrate to the site of inflammation or injury to eliminate the initial inflammatory signal and ultimately promote wound healing and tissue repair.

This process is mainly initiated by pathogen-related molecular patterns (PAMPs) (released from invasive pathogens) and damage-related molecular patterns (DAMPs) (released from damaged or dead cells to cope with infection and injury).

In addition, antigen can activate memory T cells in tissues through secretion.manyInflammatory cytokines and chemokines are used to trigger the recruitment of macrophages. Chemokines directly participate in the migration and activation of monocytes through endothelium, and monocyte chemoattractant protein -1 (MCP-1) is a monocyte chemotactic factor, which participates in the occurrence of inflammation and induces monocyte chemotaxis and migration by interacting with CC chemotactic factor 2(CCR2) on monocytes. MCP-1 is mainly secreted by activated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), monocytes and T cells. MCP-1, together with IL-8 or CXC ligand -8(CXCL-8), can trigger the firm adhesion of monocytes to vascular endothelial cells under blood flow conditions. Monocyte adhesion and migration across endothelium through activated venule wall is a basic immune response, which depends on the expression of adhesion molecules of chemical mediators on the surface of vein endothelium.

These adhesion molecules belong to four families:Selectin、Integrin、Immunoglobulin superfamilyandMucin-like glycoprotein.

five

Antigen presentation

Antigen presenting cells, mainly macrophages, are the outposts of the immune system that starts and regulates immune response. An important feature of macrophage biology is the capture, endocytosis and expression of self or foreign antigens, which providesThe connection between innate immunity and adaptive immunity.

Macrophages reside in surrounding organs, where they monitor surrounding tissues for invading pathogens. They alert the immune system to the presence of pathogens by engulfing them, processing their antigens and presenting peptide fragments that bind to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. After antigen treatment, macrophages migrate to T cells and stimulate them. Activated macrophages express high levels of costimulatory molecules and antigen presenting molecules on their surfaces, such as CD 80, CD 86 and MHCⅠ ⅰ and ⅱ molecules. Mixed Leukocyte/Lymphocyte Reaction (MLR) is used as a basic test for determining the function of macrophages, because it measures the proliferation ability of macrophages to allogeneic T cell populations.

six

Production of cytokine and chemokines

Interleukin is a kind of cytokine, which is involved in inducing adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), angiogenic factors and signal pathways, such as nuclear factor kappa B(NF-kB) and signal transduction and transcription activator (STAS) involved in tumor invasion and angiogenesis.

Activation of M1 macrophages can induce proinflammatory cytokines., including TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18 and IL-23; Produce nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and RNS；; Antigen presentation; Expression of CC chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR5; Promoting T-helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 responses provides an effective mechanism for killing.

Obviously, M1 and M2 macrophages have different chemokine profiles, while M1 macrophages expressing Th1 cell chemokines, such as CXCL9 and CXCL10.

M2 macrophages express chemokines.CCL17, CCL18, CCL22 and CCL 24. M1 macrophages express inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and together with costimulatory molecules CD 40, CD 80 and CD 86, they up-regulate MHCⅡ class II molecules to promote cytotoxic adaptive immunity.

M1 macrophages express Th1- and Th17- polarized cytokines IL-12, IL-23, IL-27 and Th1- aggregation chemokines CXCL 9, CXCL 10 and CXCL 11. On the contrary, M2 macrophages support the resolution of inflammation by transferring gene expression to anti-inflammatory molecules such as IL-10, TGF-β, IL-1R1Ⅱ and IL-1Ra. M2 macrophages also express a large number of endogenous receptors, including scavenger receptor CD 163, stabilizer -1 and type C lectin receptor CD 206, CD 301, Dectin-1 and CD 209. In addition, M2 macrophages recruit Th2, regulatory T cells (Tregs), eosinophils and basophils by secreting chemokines such as CCL 17, CCL 18, CCL 22 and CCL 24..

seven

Macrophage apoptosis

Apoptosis is a normal, physiological and necessary process of cell selection and survival, eliminating and removing unnecessary cells, such as aging, damaged, genetic mutation and virus-infected cells; In fact, anti-apoptosis can promote malignant transformation of normal cells.

At present, it is known that macrophage apoptosis is related to various stages of the disease related to the decline of pathogen activity, which can be regarded as a natural immune defense mechanism and strategy for the host to limit infection against intracellular pathogens.

On the contrary, many cellsPathogens have the ability to kill infected cells., destroy the host pathway, inhibit cell apoptosis, leading to necrosis. This strategy can makePathogens escape the host’s immunity and infect other nearby or distant cells.. These apoptotic infected cells also provide a link between innate immunity and acquired immunity. When professional APCs absorb apoptotic vesicles, this connection begins when bacterial products and pathogenic antigens enhance T cell activation. Similarly,Pathogens inhibit apoptosis and promote necrosis.It also impairs the presentation of bacterial antigens, which may be the mechanism of immune escape.

In atherosclerosis, macrophages die by reducing the number of cells in the lesion, which is beneficial to reduce the lesion area. In the progress of atherosclerosis and other diseases, the phagocytosis of M2 macrophages solves the problem of apoptosis and its adverse effects. This unique functional feature of M2 macrophage is caused byHigh level of scavenger receptorExpress support.

Macrophages phagocytize debris, injured cells, dead cells and apoptotic cells, and inhibit macrophages from producing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin -1β, interleukin -6 and interleukin -8. The mechanism involves autocrine or paracrine of transforming growth factor -β(TGF-β), thus inhibiting further recruitment of monocytes and macrophages.

In addition, the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory IL-12, IL-23 and IL-27 and stimulates the production of anti-inflammatory IL-10.

By limiting the phagocytosis of local inflammation, it can also protect tissues from harmful pro-inflammatory reactions, death, injury and the immunogenic content of dead cells, and throughNecrosis after apoptosis to protect the growth of lesions.

In the late stage of atherosclerosis, the phagocytic function of apoptotic cells is seriously damaged, which leads to the aggregation of macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells, which eventually blocks the decomposition of inflammation and promotes local necrosis, inflammatory state and plaque instability.

Understanding the exact mechanism of pathogen inhibiting apoptosis can avoid natural immunity and adaptive immunity, which provides a new strategy for optimizing treatment. The idea of manipulating the host or bacterial pathway to induce more cell apoptosis, "apoptosis-promoting therapy", may help to produce a more effective immune response.

eight

Macrophage metabolism

Recent evidence shows that metabolism plays an important role in the formation of macrophages and the obvious polarization phenotype. Under normal, physiological and pathological conditions, macrophages face an oxygen gradient.Macrophages adapt to hypoxia by shifting their metabolic pathways to glycolysis.. In addition, the activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF)-1 and -2 caused profound functional changes, including the expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors, such as CXC chemokine 4(CXCR 4), CXCL 12, angiogenesis factor and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)(Biswas and Mantovani, 2012; Orihuela et al., 2016). Therefore, macrophages help to coordinate the response of tissues to oxygen gradient and hypoxia conditions.

Macrophages M1 and M2 can obviously regulate the metabolism of glucose, amino acids, iron and folic acid.After macrophage activation, its metabolic pathway changes from oxidation to glycolysis.solve. Under the action of M1 stimuli (such as LPS, Th1 cytokines and IL-12), they showed a metabolic transformation to anaerobic glycolytic pathway, while M2 stimuli (such as IL-4 and IL-13) had little effect. Macrophages activated by IFN-γ and L-PS are often associated with acute infection, so it is necessary to trigger strong antimicrobial activity quickly in hypoxic microenvironment. In this case, the anaerobic process such as glycolysis is the best way when energy is needed. Interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide strongly induce glucose uptake and inhibit fatty acid uptake and oxidation. Therefore, glycolysis metabolism is enhanced and mitochondrial activity is decreased.

On the contrary,M2 macrophage functions, such as wound healing and tissue repair, need continuous energy supply.. This requirement is made byGlucose oxidative metabolism and fatty acid oxidationProvided, andFatty acid oxidation is the most important metabolic pathway of M2 macrophages.. M2 macrophage has the characteristics of high mitochondrial activity and oxidative phosphorylation. They show enhanced respiratory activity based on fatty acid β oxidation. Both metabolic pathways are up-regulated in the process of macrophage activation, but glycolysis is the main metabolic pathway, which can produce DNA and cell membrane synthesis substrates and promote the growth and differentiation of monocytes. It is another possibility of glycolytic metastasis of M1 macrophages to produce rapid and optimal response at the infected site.

In addition, the accumulation of citric acid in M1 macrophages is essential for the production of pro-inflammatory mediators NO, ROS, RNS and prostaglandin. Another important aspect is the metabolism of amino acids closely related to the functional phenotype of macrophages. M1 macrophages are characterized by the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).The production of NO is an important anti-microbial effect. M1 macrophages are active, while M2 macrophages do not produce NO.. On the contrary, they express high levels of Arg-1 and play a role in catalyzing the production of polyamines, which are necessary for collagen synthesis, cell proliferation, fibrosis and other tissue remodeling functions. Interestingly, the production of polyamines is reported to be the driving factor of M2 polarization.

In addition, there are significant differences in iron metabolism between M1 and M2 macrophages. Although M1 macrophages express a large number of iron storage proteins, such as ferritin, the content of iron porphyrin they express is low, and ferritin is the export of iron. Compared with M1 type macrophages, M2 type macrophages have lower ferritin content, but higher ferritin content. This different iron metabolism may be related to its function. Because iron is necessary to support the growth of bacteria, the retention of iron in M1 macrophages is a kind of bacteriostasis and supports the host’s protection against infection. On the contrary, the iron released by M2 macrophages is beneficial to tissue repair, but it can cause tumor growth and metastasis.

Metabolic adaptation is an important aspect of macrophage polarization and its functional activities.

nine

MicroRNA involved in macrophage polarization

MicroRNA plays an important role in many aspects of macrophage biology, thus affecting many biological and pathological conditions, such as monocyte differentiation and development, macrophage polarization, infection, atherosclerosis, tumor growth, inflammatory activation, cholesterol homeostasis, cell survival and proliferation, and phagocytosis.

MiRNA-24, miRNA-30b, miRNA-142-3p and miRNA-199a-5p can inhibit the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages.

M1 macrophage polarizationMiRNA-125, miRNA-146, miRNA-155, miRNA-7a/f and miRNA-378 are needed, andM2 polarizationThen miRNA-let-7c/e, miRNA-9, miRNA-21, miRNA-146, miRNA-147, miRNA-187 and miRNA-223 are needed.

In addition, miRNA-342-5p promotes NO synthesis, and IL-6 provides pro-inflammatory signals for macrophages. Although miR-21 has been proved to have both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects, its anti-inflammatory effect is more prominent. MiR-155 and miR-142-3p inhibited the proliferation of macrophages compared with let-7a. MiR-155 can promote and prevent apoptosis at the same time, while miR-21 and let-7e negatively regulate the apoptosis of macrophages.

Main references

Abbas Shapouri Moghaddam，doi:10.1002/jcp.26429，2018

Thomas A. Wynn，Nature，doi:10.1038/nature12034，2013

Nicole J. Horwood，Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol，doi:10.1007/s12016-015-8519-2

　　CCTV News:New progress has been made in safeguarding the rights of Mercedes-Benz owners in Xi ‘an. In view of the financial service fees reflected by the owners, the Taxation Bureau of Xi ‘an High-tech Industrial Development Zone in State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China went to the 4S shop of Lizhixing in Xi ‘an to conduct relevant investigation and evidence collection. On the 16th, the tax authorities responded that the financial service fee paid by Ms. Wang, the owner of Mercedes-Benz, was actually paid to a third-party company, which was actually a "guarantee" fee.

　　In addition, Beijing Mercedes-Benz Sales & Service Company issued a statement, apologizing again, and said that it would immediately suspend the sales operation of the authorized store. If the investigation results show that the dealer has illegal and non-compliant behaviors, its authorization will be terminated.

　　On the evening of 16th, Ms. Wang, the owner of Mercedes-Benz who defended her rights, and Xi ‘an Lizhixing Automobile Co., Ltd. reached a settlement agreement on car replacement and compensation (including an apology from Mercedes-Benz, replacement of a new car, refund of financial service fees, interior decoration upgrade, etc.), and the quality problems related to the vehicles involved have also entered the appraisal procedure.

　　With the in-depth media coverage and public attention, the rights protection of female Mercedes-Benz owners in Xi ‘an, Shaanxi Province is progressing in the direction that people expect. But at the same time, we should also see that there are many manifestations of irregular operation in 4S stores, and various pits for buying cars are not uncommon. In the past, the media also exposed the violations of 4S stores many times, and Ms. Wang’s experience is not a case. When consumption has become the main driving force of economic growth, how to make consumers more assured of consumption? In the end, the reconciliation between the two sides came to an end, but we are more concerned about how to avoid similar incidents from happening to others.

　　Cctv news micro-comment

　　4S stores frequently infringe on consumers’ rights and interests.

　　Once upon a time, the model of authorized franchise store (4S shop) was synonymous with excellent quality and excellent service. Brand car manufacturers review the qualifications of sellers and allow franchises, so that the products sold by 4S stores are free from counterfeiting and the after-sales service is more professional. However, in reality, 4S stores often lack the right to speak on the price of suppliers and manufacturers, so they can only find profit space for consumers, such as vehicle decoration, raising the price of cars, detaining vehicle certificates, etc., which makes consumers miserable. More importantly, due to the consideration of market share, there is often only one single brand 4S store in a certain area, and it is not possible to sell across regions among specialty stores. Lack of effective competition has led to frequent violations of consumers’ rights and interests, such as opaque fees and exorbitant prices.

　　In this case, consumers often become "self-seeking" when buying a car. Consumers are naturally happy when they meet qualified products. When it comes to a "problem car" with defective quality, consumers will spend a lot of time and struggle to open the "rights protection mode". At the same time, for the various charges and the so-called "one-stop service" and "car purchase package", consumers often look at the flowers in the fog and become sacrificial lambs.

　　Promote the listing of car purchases and services into reality.

　　From this point of view, the essence behind the phenomenon of cheating customers in 4S stores is the car sales model itself. Is there no way to solve this problem? In this regard, on the one hand, it depends on the strength of the regulatory authorities. I wonder if you still remember the various packages of mobile tariffs? Previously, there were many problems in this field, and there were many traps behind many package terms. However, after years of continuous efforts by the government, the results of transparency and standardization of package settings are obvious to all. This year’s government work report also clearly requires that the package settings be standardized so that the fee reduction is real and clear to consumers. Facts have also proved that the standardization of package setting is not a bad thing for enterprises, on the contrary, it also promotes the standardized development of operators.

　　If the field of mobile tariffs can be transparent, there is no reason why the field of automobile consumption cannot be done. All expenses are clearly marked, so that services can be listed and consumption can be listed, and they can be directly supervised online. The regulatory authorities also supervise the implementation at any time. If there are violations, heavy penalties will be imposed, which will inevitably help consumers to understand their car purchases clearly.

　　On the other hand, from the market point of view, some 4S stores can bully customers partly because a brand’s 4S stores are exclusive in a certain geographical area, so 4S stores have the bargaining power. With the development of internet plus’s automobile business, some brand automobile manufacturers have begun to implement the direct mode, such as Tesla, a typical electric vehicle manufacturer, which orders directly through the website, then delivers and picks up the car, and clearly marks the price. This model has been adopted by some emerging automobile manufacturers and may challenge the traditional 4S shop sales model in the future. If 4S stores don’t change and don’t improve the quality and level of service, it will inevitably push consumers to direct stores of manufacturers. If you harm consumers, you will be abandoned by consumers.

　　This incident can’t end with the solution of the case.

　　Generally speaking, the case of consumer rights protection is relatively easy to solve, and this incident has come to an end with reconciliation between the two sides. However, what consumers expect is that this incident can’t end with the solution of a case, and the whole industry must be promoted to carry out substantive changes through this incident. The difficulty is indeed not small, but in today’s context of promoting consumption and promoting high-quality development, this is an inevitable way to go. Consumption has become the first driving force for China’s economic growth, but from the current situation, there is still room for further development of the potential of consumption to promote economic growth. In China, not only in the field of automobile consumption, but also in other areas of consumption, there are problems of deceiving and slaughtering customers. Cleaning up these problems, so that consumers can spend with confidence, is itself cleaning up the roadblocks of high-quality economic growth in China. At the same time, making consumption transparent is also promoting fairness and indirectly improving consumers’ purchasing power. No matter from historical experience or international experience, consumers’ rights and interests are well protected, and even consumers are a little picky within the scope of law, which is conducive to promoting enterprises to improve product quality and service level.

　　Defending rights by "making trouble" is not a phenomenon that a society ruled by law should have, nor is it a phenomenon that a consumer economy should have. From this perspective, Xi ‘an Mercedes-Benz women car owners’ rights protection event should be an opportunity to really push China’s consumer market to a more legal and fair track, which is our original intention of paying attention to this event today.

　　Wen Yi, a special contributor to CCTV commentary, wrote for Mi.

　　CCTV News:Today (10th) morning, the General Administration of Customs announced the import and export of China’s foreign trade in the first five months of this year. Data show that in the first five months of this year, the total import and export value of China’s foreign trade reached 12.1 trillion yuan, up 4.1% year-on-year, and foreign trade continued to maintain a good momentum of steady growth.

　　Customs statistics show that in the first five months of this year, China’s foreign trade import and export was 12.1 trillion yuan, up 4.1% year-on-year, of which 6.5 trillion yuan was exported, up 6.1%, and 5.6 trillion yuan was imported, up 1.8%.

　　Li Kuiwen, director of the General Statistics Department of the General Administration of Customs, said that in the first five months of this year, China’s foreign trade import and export continued to grow steadily. In the face of the slowdown of world economic growth and international trade, the general trend of China’s economic stability and long-term improvement has not changed. The fundamentals of China’s economic development with strong resilience, great potential and sufficient stamina have not changed. In particular, the effects of a series of policies and measures such as stabilizing foreign trade and foreign investment have gradually emerged, and the business environment has been continuously optimized, which has laid a solid foundation for China’s foreign trade development.

　　In Shanghai, a big data platform for cross-border trade management collects more than 700 million pieces of data from production, trade, logistics, taxation, industry and commerce, foreign exchange and other parties, and seamlessly connects with "single window", shipping companies and port departments.

　　Zhang Lei, director of Shanghai Customs’ Big Data Cloud Center, said that this big data platform summarizes various information such as financial information, goods information and enterprise information. It is through this information that we can make law-abiding enterprises more convenient and goods can be released in seconds.

　　Through this new mode of intelligent customs clearance, enterprises can not only make their own decisions in declare in advance, but also arrange the plan of container lifting in advance, so as to realize "preferential booking" and "berthing for direct lifting". Foreign trade is becoming more and more convenient, and the steady growth of imports and exports has also been consolidated. In May, China’s foreign trade import and export value was 2.59 trillion yuan, up 2.9% year-on-year. Among them, exports were 1.43 trillion yuan, up 7.7% year-on-year, and imports were 1.16 trillion yuan, down 2.5% year-on-year.

　　Li Kuiwen, director of the General Statistics Department of the General Administration of Customs, said that according to customs statistics, exports increased by 7.7% in May, 2 percentage points faster than the previous four months, which became a highlight of foreign trade development.