标签： 上海后花园论坛最新

Strengthening the Party’s Armed Forces of Innovation Theory (People’s Forum)

　　In 1938, a 17-year-old young woman walked more than 1,000 kilometers from Beijing to northern Shaanxi with 5 yuan. Her heart was deeply touched: "In the summer evening, the horse galloped briskly, and I felt all this was so novel and mysterious!" " Shine the light of truth and forge lofty beliefs, so that Yan ‘an led by the Communist Party of China (CPC) is like a huge magnetic field.

　　Today, one of the data in the white paper "China Youth in the New Era" is impressive: "Since The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, party member, who is 35 years old and under, has accounted for more than 80% of the newly developed party member every year." Facts have proved that our party has always been full of vigor and vitality and has become more and more attractive to young people.

　　Why does a century-old party remain youthful and energetic forever? A revolutionary who holds the truth is always young. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out in the party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress: "It is the fundamental task of the party’s ideological construction to arm the whole party with the party’s innovative theory." Recently, at the work conference on studying and implementing the theme education of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era of the Supreme Leader, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that "we should take this theme education as an opportunity to strengthen the Party’s innovative theory, constantly improve the Marxist level of the whole Party, and constantly improve the Party’s ruling ability and leadership level".

　　The fire of truth ignites lofty ideals. Li Dazhao once said: "The highest ideal in life lies in seeking truth." The revolutionary ideal is higher than the sky. When he was in prison, Xia Minghan, 28, was unyielding and wrote a letter to his wife: "Insist on the revolution and follow my ambition, and swear to spread the truth to others!" Because of longing for the truth, pursuing the truth and defending the truth, revolutionary pioneers and people with lofty ideals "although thousands of people have gone" and "although they died nine times, they still have no regrets."

　　真理之光，照亮奋进征程。犹记庆祝中国共产党成立100周年大会上，共青团员和少先队员代表集体致献词：“古老的中华大地诞生了中国共产党，播撒信仰的火种，点亮真理的强光”。从石库门到天安门，从兴业路到复兴路，中国共产党人始终坚持真理、坚守理想，把握历史主动、锚定奋斗目标，沿着正确方向坚定前行。一以贯之地坚持真理、修正错误，崇仰理想、坚定信念，是这个百年大党的魅力所在。

　　大道如砥，行者无疆。实践告诉我们，中国共产党为什么能，中国特色社会主义为什么好，归根到底是马克思主义行，是中国化时代化的马克思主义行。马克思主义是科学真理，如燧石一般，受到的敲打越厉害，发射出的光辉就越灿烂。回首过往的奋斗路，无论是处于顺境还是逆境，我们党从未动摇对马克思主义的信仰。坚持用马克思主义中国化时代化最新成果武装全党、指导实践、推动工作，是我们党创造历史、成就辉煌的一条重要经验。

　　Adhering to the guidance and arming with scientific theory is the fundamental guarantee for Marxist political parties to keep their advanced nature and purity forever, and it is also the political advantage of our party. In the new era, the complexity of the situation, the severity of the struggle, and the arduous task of reform, development and stability faced by the Party and the country are rare in the world and history. It is precisely because of the establishment of the core position of the Party Central Committee and the Party as the supreme leader and the guiding position of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era that the Party has effectively solved the outstanding contradictions and problems that have affected the Party’s long-term governance, the country’s long-term stability and the people’s happiness and well-being, and fundamentally ensured that the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has entered an irreversible historical process. Studying and implementing the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era is the fundamental requirement for the new era and new journey to create a new situation in career development. On the way forward, we must adhere to the integration of learning, thinking and application, and the unity of knowing, believing and doing, and turn the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era into a powerful force to strengthen ideals, temper party spirit, guide practice and promote work.

　　The wind is strong and the spring tide is strong. Passing through yesterday’s "majestic road is like iron", forging ahead in today’s "the right path on earth is vicissitudes" and looking forward to tomorrow’s "I will mount a long wind some day and break the heavy waves", the grand goal of building a strong country and rejuvenating the nation is inspiring and inspiring, and our generation of communist party people have a glorious mission and great responsibility. On the new journey, we will strengthen our political consciousness, ideological consciousness and action consciousness, learn and understand Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought as the supreme leader in the new era, adhere to and make good use of the stand, viewpoint and method that runs through it, and implement this thought in all aspects of the work of the party and the state, and we will certainly be able to write a new chapter of the times and create new historical achievements.

Basic Biology of Macrophages： From Origin to Function

Written by: immune meow with picky eaters

Source: gossip Immunology

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Macrophages (English name: Macrophages, abbreviated M) are immune cells widely distributed in blood and tissues of the whole body.Macrophages can devour and kill intracellular parasites, bacteria, tumor cells, as well as self-aging and abnormal cells, and play an important role in immune defense, immune homeostasis and immune monitoring.Macrophages are a kind of phagocytes and belong to monocyte system.
　
Macrophages have been a hot research object for a long time because of their diversity and heterogeneity in tissue distribution.
　

one

The origin of macrophages
　

The evolution of species diversity and struggle for existence have produced a complex host defense system, which relies on natural immunity, first single-celled eukaryotes, and then adaptive immunity in tissues and developing eukaryotes. Natural immunity was first expounded at the end of 19th century, and Elie Metchnikoff introduced the word "macrophage", which means "macro = big and phage = eater”。 Monocytes/macrophages are a small group of white blood cells determined by their location, phenotype, morphology and gene expression profile.

Monocytes account for 4-10% of nucleated cells in normal peripheral blood. In blood, the half-life of monocytes is less than 20 hours. For many years, it has been assumed that macrophages are completely differentiated from circulating monocytes, but the recent morphological and functional differences between these cells refute this hypothesis.

Recent research evidence shows that macrophages in most adult tissues are sown before birth, and during embryonic development, they are transferred from.yolk sacIt has the ability of self-renewal and is maintained independently of monocytes. In addition,Each organ has its own unique combination of embryos and adult macrophages..

Embryonic macrophages participate in tissue reconstruction, while adult macrophages mainly assist host defense. In addition to these differences, we also observed that embryonic macrophages and adult macrophages coexist in many different organs.

2

Tissue distribution of different macrophages　 　

According to their anatomical location and functional phenotype, macrophages can be divided intoMicroglial cell、osteoclast、pm, spleen tissue cells and interstitial connective tissue, liver interstitial connective tissue and kupffer cells.

There are also different types of macrophages in the intestine, which have different phenotypes and functions, but work together to maintain tolerance to normal intestinal flora and oral antigens.

There are also different numbers of macrophages in the secondary lymphoid organs, including macrophages in the marginal area of spleen, which inhibit the natural immunity and adaptive immunity to apoptotic cells, and sinus macrophages under the capsule of lymph nodes, which remove the virus in lymph and start the antiviral immune response.

differentMacrophages exist in immune immune immune sites., such as the brain, eyes and testicles, these parts are inTissue remodelinganddynamic balancePlay a central role. These tissue-specific macrophages devour dead cells, debris, foreign antigens and materials, organize the inflammatory process, and recruit more macrophages as needed.

three

Plasticity and polarization
　

Macrophages are remarkable plastic cells, which can be obtained fromConversion from one phenotype to another.. Macrophage polarization is a process. Macrophages show specific phenotypes and make functional responses to microenvironment stimuli and signals encountered in each specific tissue.

Local cytokine environment can localize macrophage polarization. The two subsets of macrophages with different functions include classic activated or inflammatory (M1) and alternately activated or anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages. This phenomenon of these two different M1/M2 phenotypes is called.Macrophage polarization.

M1 macrophageIt is usually induced by the recognition of Th1 cytokines (such as IFN-γ and T NF-α) or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These macrophages produce and secrete high levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23 and COX-2, while the level of IL-10 is low.

Functionally, M1 macrophages participate in the elimination of pathogens during infection by activating nicotinamide adenine phosphodinucleotide (NADPH) oxidase system and then producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, M1 macrophages have strong anti-microbial and anti-tumor activities, mediating tissue damage caused by reactive oxygen species, damaging tissue regeneration and wound healing. In order to prevent this kind of tissue damage, the anti-inflammatory effect of M2 macrophages inhibits the chronic inflammatory reaction by regulating the mechanism.

M2 macrophageSTAT6 is activated by IL-4 receptor α(IL-4Rα) and polarized by Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, which has anti-inflammatory effect. Besides IL-4 and IL-13, cytokines such as IL-10 can also regulate M2 polarization by activating STAT 3 through IL-10 receptor (IL-10 R).

IL-33It is a cytokine related to Th2 in IL-1 family and can induce M2 polarization. It is characterized by up-regulating arginase-1(arg-1), CCL 17 and CCL 24, thus mediating pulmonary eosinophilia and airway inflammation.

IL-21It is another Th2-related cytokine that drives M2 polarization. M2 macrophages have the characteristics of anti-inflammatory cytokines, which are characterized by low production of IL-12 and high production of IL-10 and TGF-β.

Functionally, M2 macrophages have strong phagocytosis, which can remove debris and apoptotic cells, promote tissue repair and wound healing, and promote angiogenesis and fibrosis. Therefore, generally speaking, M2 cells participate in Th2 response and parasite clearance, inhibit inflammation, promote tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, immune regulation, tumor formation and progress.

However, the M1/M2 phenotype does not reflect different phenotypic subsets of macrophages. According to the activation stimulus received, M2 macrophages can be further divided into four types.M2A, M2B, M2C and M2DDifferent subgroups of the composition.

M2aMacrophage subsets can be induced by IL-4 and IL-13, producing high levels of CD206, bait receptor IL-1 receptor II(IL-RII) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA).

Immune complex (ICs) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists or IL-1 receptor ligands can induce M2b subgroup.M2bMacrophages simultaneously produce anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6 and α-α.

M2cCells were induced by glucocorticoid and IL-10, and showed strong anti-inflammatory effect on apoptotic cells by releasing a large amount of IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β.

Finally, TLR agonist induced the fourth M2 macrophage through adenosine receptor agonist.M2d.

The activated receptor of adenosine then inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, induces anti-inflammatory secretion of cytokines (high IL-10, low IL-12) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEG F), thus providing a drug withTumor associated macrophages (TAMS)The angiogenic characteristics of the characteristic. M2 macrophages exposed to M1 signal, or conversely, induced differentiated macrophages to "repolarize" or "reprogram" is another evidence that they have high functional plasticity and can potentially pursue therapeutic goals.

four

hugeMigration of phagocytes

Monocytes and macrophages migrate to the site of inflammation or injury to eliminate the initial inflammatory signal and ultimately promote wound healing and tissue repair.

This process is mainly initiated by pathogen-related molecular patterns (PAMPs) (released from invasive pathogens) and damage-related molecular patterns (DAMPs) (released from damaged or dead cells to cope with infection and injury).

In addition, antigen can activate memory T cells in tissues through secretion.manyInflammatory cytokines and chemokines are used to trigger the recruitment of macrophages. Chemokines directly participate in the migration and activation of monocytes through endothelium, and monocyte chemoattractant protein -1 (MCP-1) is a monocyte chemotactic factor, which participates in the occurrence of inflammation and induces monocyte chemotaxis and migration by interacting with CC chemotactic factor 2(CCR2) on monocytes. MCP-1 is mainly secreted by activated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), monocytes and T cells. MCP-1, together with IL-8 or CXC ligand -8(CXCL-8), can trigger the firm adhesion of monocytes to vascular endothelial cells under blood flow conditions. Monocyte adhesion and migration across endothelium through activated venule wall is a basic immune response, which depends on the expression of adhesion molecules of chemical mediators on the surface of vein endothelium.

These adhesion molecules belong to four families:Selectin、Integrin、Immunoglobulin superfamilyandMucin-like glycoprotein.

five

Antigen presentation

Antigen presenting cells, mainly macrophages, are the outposts of the immune system that starts and regulates immune response. An important feature of macrophage biology is the capture, endocytosis and expression of self or foreign antigens, which providesThe connection between innate immunity and adaptive immunity.

Macrophages reside in surrounding organs, where they monitor surrounding tissues for invading pathogens. They alert the immune system to the presence of pathogens by engulfing them, processing their antigens and presenting peptide fragments that bind to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. After antigen treatment, macrophages migrate to T cells and stimulate them. Activated macrophages express high levels of costimulatory molecules and antigen presenting molecules on their surfaces, such as CD 80, CD 86 and MHCⅠ ⅰ and ⅱ molecules. Mixed Leukocyte/Lymphocyte Reaction (MLR) is used as a basic test for determining the function of macrophages, because it measures the proliferation ability of macrophages to allogeneic T cell populations.

six

Production of cytokine and chemokines

Interleukin is a kind of cytokine, which is involved in inducing adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), angiogenic factors and signal pathways, such as nuclear factor kappa B(NF-kB) and signal transduction and transcription activator (STAS) involved in tumor invasion and angiogenesis.

Activation of M1 macrophages can induce proinflammatory cytokines., including TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18 and IL-23; Produce nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and RNS；; Antigen presentation; Expression of CC chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR5; Promoting T-helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 responses provides an effective mechanism for killing.

Obviously, M1 and M2 macrophages have different chemokine profiles, while M1 macrophages expressing Th1 cell chemokines, such as CXCL9 and CXCL10.

M2 macrophages express chemokines.CCL17, CCL18, CCL22 and CCL 24. M1 macrophages express inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and together with costimulatory molecules CD 40, CD 80 and CD 86, they up-regulate MHCⅡ class II molecules to promote cytotoxic adaptive immunity.

M1 macrophages express Th1- and Th17- polarized cytokines IL-12, IL-23, IL-27 and Th1- aggregation chemokines CXCL 9, CXCL 10 and CXCL 11. On the contrary, M2 macrophages support the resolution of inflammation by transferring gene expression to anti-inflammatory molecules such as IL-10, TGF-β, IL-1R1Ⅱ and IL-1Ra. M2 macrophages also express a large number of endogenous receptors, including scavenger receptor CD 163, stabilizer -1 and type C lectin receptor CD 206, CD 301, Dectin-1 and CD 209. In addition, M2 macrophages recruit Th2, regulatory T cells (Tregs), eosinophils and basophils by secreting chemokines such as CCL 17, CCL 18, CCL 22 and CCL 24..

seven

Macrophage apoptosis

Apoptosis is a normal, physiological and necessary process of cell selection and survival, eliminating and removing unnecessary cells, such as aging, damaged, genetic mutation and virus-infected cells; In fact, anti-apoptosis can promote malignant transformation of normal cells.

At present, it is known that macrophage apoptosis is related to various stages of the disease related to the decline of pathogen activity, which can be regarded as a natural immune defense mechanism and strategy for the host to limit infection against intracellular pathogens.

On the contrary, many cellsPathogens have the ability to kill infected cells., destroy the host pathway, inhibit cell apoptosis, leading to necrosis. This strategy can makePathogens escape the host’s immunity and infect other nearby or distant cells.. These apoptotic infected cells also provide a link between innate immunity and acquired immunity. When professional APCs absorb apoptotic vesicles, this connection begins when bacterial products and pathogenic antigens enhance T cell activation. Similarly,Pathogens inhibit apoptosis and promote necrosis.It also impairs the presentation of bacterial antigens, which may be the mechanism of immune escape.

In atherosclerosis, macrophages die by reducing the number of cells in the lesion, which is beneficial to reduce the lesion area. In the progress of atherosclerosis and other diseases, the phagocytosis of M2 macrophages solves the problem of apoptosis and its adverse effects. This unique functional feature of M2 macrophage is caused byHigh level of scavenger receptorExpress support.

Macrophages phagocytize debris, injured cells, dead cells and apoptotic cells, and inhibit macrophages from producing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin -1β, interleukin -6 and interleukin -8. The mechanism involves autocrine or paracrine of transforming growth factor -β(TGF-β), thus inhibiting further recruitment of monocytes and macrophages.

In addition, the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory IL-12, IL-23 and IL-27 and stimulates the production of anti-inflammatory IL-10.

By limiting the phagocytosis of local inflammation, it can also protect tissues from harmful pro-inflammatory reactions, death, injury and the immunogenic content of dead cells, and throughNecrosis after apoptosis to protect the growth of lesions.

In the late stage of atherosclerosis, the phagocytic function of apoptotic cells is seriously damaged, which leads to the aggregation of macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells, which eventually blocks the decomposition of inflammation and promotes local necrosis, inflammatory state and plaque instability.

Understanding the exact mechanism of pathogen inhibiting apoptosis can avoid natural immunity and adaptive immunity, which provides a new strategy for optimizing treatment. The idea of manipulating the host or bacterial pathway to induce more cell apoptosis, "apoptosis-promoting therapy", may help to produce a more effective immune response.

eight

Macrophage metabolism

Recent evidence shows that metabolism plays an important role in the formation of macrophages and the obvious polarization phenotype. Under normal, physiological and pathological conditions, macrophages face an oxygen gradient.Macrophages adapt to hypoxia by shifting their metabolic pathways to glycolysis.. In addition, the activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF)-1 and -2 caused profound functional changes, including the expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors, such as CXC chemokine 4(CXCR 4), CXCL 12, angiogenesis factor and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)(Biswas and Mantovani, 2012; Orihuela et al., 2016). Therefore, macrophages help to coordinate the response of tissues to oxygen gradient and hypoxia conditions.

Macrophages M1 and M2 can obviously regulate the metabolism of glucose, amino acids, iron and folic acid.After macrophage activation, its metabolic pathway changes from oxidation to glycolysis.solve. Under the action of M1 stimuli (such as LPS, Th1 cytokines and IL-12), they showed a metabolic transformation to anaerobic glycolytic pathway, while M2 stimuli (such as IL-4 and IL-13) had little effect. Macrophages activated by IFN-γ and L-PS are often associated with acute infection, so it is necessary to trigger strong antimicrobial activity quickly in hypoxic microenvironment. In this case, the anaerobic process such as glycolysis is the best way when energy is needed. Interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide strongly induce glucose uptake and inhibit fatty acid uptake and oxidation. Therefore, glycolysis metabolism is enhanced and mitochondrial activity is decreased.

On the contrary,M2 macrophage functions, such as wound healing and tissue repair, need continuous energy supply.. This requirement is made byGlucose oxidative metabolism and fatty acid oxidationProvided, andFatty acid oxidation is the most important metabolic pathway of M2 macrophages.. M2 macrophage has the characteristics of high mitochondrial activity and oxidative phosphorylation. They show enhanced respiratory activity based on fatty acid β oxidation. Both metabolic pathways are up-regulated in the process of macrophage activation, but glycolysis is the main metabolic pathway, which can produce DNA and cell membrane synthesis substrates and promote the growth and differentiation of monocytes. It is another possibility of glycolytic metastasis of M1 macrophages to produce rapid and optimal response at the infected site.

In addition, the accumulation of citric acid in M1 macrophages is essential for the production of pro-inflammatory mediators NO, ROS, RNS and prostaglandin. Another important aspect is the metabolism of amino acids closely related to the functional phenotype of macrophages. M1 macrophages are characterized by the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).The production of NO is an important anti-microbial effect. M1 macrophages are active, while M2 macrophages do not produce NO.. On the contrary, they express high levels of Arg-1 and play a role in catalyzing the production of polyamines, which are necessary for collagen synthesis, cell proliferation, fibrosis and other tissue remodeling functions. Interestingly, the production of polyamines is reported to be the driving factor of M2 polarization.

In addition, there are significant differences in iron metabolism between M1 and M2 macrophages. Although M1 macrophages express a large number of iron storage proteins, such as ferritin, the content of iron porphyrin they express is low, and ferritin is the export of iron. Compared with M1 type macrophages, M2 type macrophages have lower ferritin content, but higher ferritin content. This different iron metabolism may be related to its function. Because iron is necessary to support the growth of bacteria, the retention of iron in M1 macrophages is a kind of bacteriostasis and supports the host’s protection against infection. On the contrary, the iron released by M2 macrophages is beneficial to tissue repair, but it can cause tumor growth and metastasis.

Metabolic adaptation is an important aspect of macrophage polarization and its functional activities.

nine

MicroRNA involved in macrophage polarization

MicroRNA plays an important role in many aspects of macrophage biology, thus affecting many biological and pathological conditions, such as monocyte differentiation and development, macrophage polarization, infection, atherosclerosis, tumor growth, inflammatory activation, cholesterol homeostasis, cell survival and proliferation, and phagocytosis.

MiRNA-24, miRNA-30b, miRNA-142-3p and miRNA-199a-5p can inhibit the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages.

M1 macrophage polarizationMiRNA-125, miRNA-146, miRNA-155, miRNA-7a/f and miRNA-378 are needed, andM2 polarizationThen miRNA-let-7c/e, miRNA-9, miRNA-21, miRNA-146, miRNA-147, miRNA-187 and miRNA-223 are needed.

In addition, miRNA-342-5p promotes NO synthesis, and IL-6 provides pro-inflammatory signals for macrophages. Although miR-21 has been proved to have both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects, its anti-inflammatory effect is more prominent. MiR-155 and miR-142-3p inhibited the proliferation of macrophages compared with let-7a. MiR-155 can promote and prevent apoptosis at the same time, while miR-21 and let-7e negatively regulate the apoptosis of macrophages.

Main references

Abbas Shapouri Moghaddam，doi:10.1002/jcp.26429，2018

Thomas A. Wynn，Nature，doi:10.1038/nature12034，2013

Nicole J. Horwood，Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol，doi:10.1007/s12016-015-8519-2

Ministry of Agriculture： Accelerate the development of agricultural producer services and consolidate the foundation of modern agriculture.

On September 19th, the Information Office of the Ministry of Agriculture held a press conference on the Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Agricultural Producer Services (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions). Zhang Hongyu, director of the Department of Rural Economic System and Management of the Ministry of Agriculture, introduced the situation of agricultural producer services and answered questions from reporters. Xu Zhengbin, deputy inspector of the Department of Agricultural Economics of the National Development and Reform Commission, attended the conference.

The reporter learned from the press conference that in recent years, with the in-depth development of modern agriculture, the agricultural producer service industry has accelerated its development, and various service organizations have flourished, with the number exceeding 1.15 million. The service areas cover various industries such as planting, animal husbandry and fishery, and various service methods such as whole-process custody, farming and planting, and joint farming and planting have emerged.

"Who will plant the land" and "How to plant the land well"

Zhang Hongyu said that accelerating the development of agricultural producer services is of great strategic significance for promoting the development of moderate-scale operation and promoting the structural reform of agricultural supply side.

In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China’s industrialization and urbanization have been deeply promoted, and a large number of rural laborers have moved into cities. In 2016, the total number of migrant workers has reached 281 million. "Who will plant the land" and "How to plant the land well" have become a highly concerned issue of the whole society.

Under this background, the central government proposes to accelerate the development of various forms of moderate scale operation and give play to its leading role in modern agricultural construction. To this end, in 2014, the central government issued the Opinions on Guiding the Orderly Circulation of Rural Land Management Rights and Developing Moderate Scale Operation of Agriculture, in 2016, the Opinions on Improving the Separation Method of Rural Land Ownership, Contracting Rights and Management Rights, and this year, the Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Policy System and Cultivating New Agricultural Management Subjects. Starting with the reform of rural land system and management system, on the one hand, we will promote the transfer of land management rights, cultivate new agricultural management entities, realize centralized scale management of land, and solve the problem of "who will plant the land".

On the other hand, we should focus on developing agricultural productive services, cultivating new agricultural service subjects and realizing centralized scale operation of services to solve the problem of "how to plant good land".

In recent years, the accelerated development of agricultural producer services has played an increasingly important role in better introducing ordinary farmers into the development track of modern agriculture and building a modern agricultural industrial system, production system and management system. At the same time, because China’s agricultural producer service industry is still in the early stage of development, the problems of small service organizations and weak driving force for ordinary farmers are still outstanding, especially with the large reduction of rural labor force and the increasingly prominent aging phenomenon, there are more and more things that one household can’t do, can’t do well and can’t do well. It is urgent to speed up the cultivation of various service organizations and vigorously develop agricultural producer services for the majority of farmers.

"Who serves" and "How to serve well"

When answering a reporter’s question, Zhang Hongyu said that all kinds of new agricultural business entities have the function of providing services for farmers and themselves, but their positioning is different.

The new business entities of agriculture are diversified, with various forms of expression. Generally speaking, there are about four categories: the first category, 877,000 family farms. Secondly, there are now 1.93 million farmers’ cooperatives, including both production cooperatives and service cooperatives. In the third category, there are 417,000 industrialized management organizations, including 130,000 leading enterprises. The fourth category, 1.15 million social service organizations. In practice, these four subjects, on the one hand, directly engage in agricultural production and management, and also provide related services for others. Different subjects have different division of labor and orientation in modern agriculture, and family farms have clear property rights, clear boundaries and low transaction costs, which are most suitable for direct agricultural production activities. To help farmers, especially the disadvantaged farmers, cooperatives are a good organizational form, in which everyone can achieve win-win and common development. In order to promote the structural adjustment of agriculture and focus on the structural reform of supply side, especially to provide more high-end agricultural products, differentiated agricultural products and branded agricultural products that meet the consumption needs of urban and rural residents, it is necessary to cultivate and strengthen leading enterprises. The orientation of socialized service organizations is to provide all kinds of productive services and promote agricultural cost saving and efficiency improvement. Based on the functional orientation of different subjects, we should give full play to their respective comparative advantages, promote the diversified interaction, complementary functions and integrated development of all subjects, and lay a solid organizational foundation for promoting the development of agricultural producer services.

Regarding the service field of agricultural producer services, Zhang Hongyu said that agricultural producer services is a brand-new concept, and the Opinions focus on the whole agricultural industrial chain from the field to the dining table, covering all the related service contents of production links, and should become an independent and complete industry.

First, agricultural market information service. Including the trend of industrial development, price trend, structural adjustment, etc., ordinary farmers and new business entities are more concerned about these issues. Second, agricultural resources supply services. Including the supply of improved varieties, fertilizers and pesticides, and how seedlings and breeding animals can meet the needs of ordinary farmers and new business entities is the second big problem to be solved. Third, agricultural green production technical services. From the perspective of input and production process, we can no longer blindly increase input and only pursue output as in the past. What we are pursuing now is quality and green development, so production technology should focus on green development. Fourth, agricultural waste resource utilization services. With the development of agriculture today, environmental protection and waste disposal are very difficult issues. It used to be called harmless treatment of waste, but now it is called resource utilization. How to effectively solve the problem of resource utilization of agricultural wastes also requires us to provide effective services. Fifth, agricultural machinery operation and maintenance services. The use of agricultural machinery, including maintenance issues, has put forward more and more requirements from ordinary farmers and the vast number of new business entities. Now, from the perspective of agricultural machinery development, how to extend from grain, cotton and oil agricultural products to cash crops and from field crops to characteristic crops, including how to develop small agricultural machinery in hilly areas, mountainous areas and southern water network areas, are all in front of us. Therefore, agricultural machinery operations, including maintenance services, have become a very urgent problem in practice. Sixth, the primary processing service of agricultural products. For example, corn and wheat are harvested and simply processed into flour.Making rice from rice, these initial processing links, especially the storage and transportation links, including the use of cold chain facilities, have put forward many requirements in practice. Finally, agricultural products marketing services. China’s farmers are now very productive, but it is more difficult for ordinary farmers to sell them and sell them at a good price. Therefore, marketing services are very important. For example, how to help farmers to market and build relevant platforms so that the goods produced by farmers can flow smoothly is more urgent than the production links, and it needs the help of the government, including diversified service organizations.

Let ordinary farmers have a sense of gain

In response to a reporter’s question about what specific measures the NDRC has to support the development of agricultural producer services, Xu Zhengbin said that the NDRC has actively cooperated with the Ministry of Agriculture and combined with its own functions, mainly doing two things: First, strengthening support and guidance at the policy level. Since 2015, the National Development and Reform Commission has taken the lead in drafting documents such as Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of the Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Industries in Agriculture, Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Cold Chain Logistics to Ensure Food Safety and Promote Consumption Upgrade, and Outline for the Innovative Development of Service Industry (2017-2025), which clearly put forward that it is necessary to accelerate the development of agricultural producer services and enhance the service industry’s supporting and leading ability to transform agricultural development mode and accelerate the development of modern agriculture. The second is to increase support at the financial level. Strengthening the construction of agricultural science and technology service capacity is mainly to support the construction of local towns and villages, including regional grass-roots agricultural technology service system. Strengthen the construction of agricultural products circulation system and further increase the support for the construction of cold chain logistics system. Actively support the resource utilization of agricultural wastes, and support various professional service organizations to carry out the comprehensive utilization of sick and dead livestock, residual film and manure, including the "three residues" of agriculture and forestry. In the next step, the National Development and Reform Commission will actively combine the construction of relevant projects in the fields of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, including the formulation of relevant policies, and cooperate with the Ministry of Agriculture to further support and promote the development of agricultural producer services.

In response to a reporter’s question about how to respond to the demand of various new agricultural business entities, especially farmers, for agricultural productive services, Zhang Hongyu stressed that the purpose of the Opinions is to serve new agricultural business entities, especially ordinary farmers, and to persist in serving agricultural farmers and make them get benefits in the process of policy implementation.

In May this year, the Central Committee’s "Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Policy System and Cultivating New Agricultural Business Entities" clearly stated that relevant policies should not only focus on new business entities, but also focus on new business entities to drive ordinary farmers, help farmers, improve farmers and wealthy farmers. The 260 million farmers in China are the foundation of our country’s food security and the supply of important agricultural products. Don’t forget this group at any time. Therefore, in the process of issuing the Opinions, the guiding ideology, basic principles, relevant contents and work requirements all focus on serving ordinary farmers. It is clearly stated in the guiding ideology that ordinary farmers should be introduced into the development track of modern agriculture through producer services. One of the four principles is called service agriculture and farmers, and what kind of support should be given to ordinary farmers in seven service areas. In short, helping ordinary farmers, improving farmers and enriching farmers is the starting point of all policies and the starting point of issuing this document. In the next step, special emphasis should be placed on supporting ordinary farmers in the implementation of the document. In other words, modern agriculture can’t fall behind ordinary farmers, so ordinary farmers should have a sense of gain, participation and promotion to achieve the goal of common prosperity. (Reporter Hu Ranran)

How many levels are there in a double line？ Introduction to the double line level.

There are 37 levels in a double trip. Please follow me to continue reading the detailed levels.

Chapter I There are five small passes in the shack.

Chapter 2 There are five small passes in the tree.

Third, the third level Ross’s room has ten small levels.

Chapter IV The cuckoo clock has three small passes.

Chapter V Snow Ball has four levels.

Chapter VI There are five small passes in the garden.

Chapter VII There are five small levels in the attic, and the last one is the grand finale of the whole article.

Highlights of the World Buddhist Forum： Jet Li and other star believers are chased

　　Xinhuanet Wuxi, Jiangsu, March 28th (Reporter Gui Tao, Li Jianmin, Shi Yonghong) The 2nd World Buddhist Forum opened on the 28th in the Fan Palace in Lingshan, Wuxi, Jiangsu. More than 1,700 eminent monks, great virtues, experts, scholars and celebrities from nearly 50 countries and regions at home and abroad feel the "harmony of all people" together.


　　Different languages, the same "Lotus"


　　Although the language used by the eminent monk Dade at home and abroad is different, and many people wear simultaneous interpretation headphones provided by the forum, this does not hinder their communication. Smiling and folded hands are enough to transcend any language barrier.


　　Under the huge dome decorated with more than a thousand lotus lanterns, Master Xingyun, a Taiwan Province monk, delivered a speech in Mandarin with a slight accent of Jiangsu, the 11th Qoigyi Gyaibo delivered a speech at the conference in English, and Sri Lankan officials read a congratulatory message in Sinhala …


　　"When the three elders poured holy water from all over the world into huge golden lotus flowers to pray for the world, language was no longer an obstacle, and I felt empathy with all other Buddhists present." Frank alm, a Buddhist from Germany, said.


　　"Star-level" Buddhist believers


　　In addition to the eminent monks and great virtues, Jet Li, Li Ning, Yu Minhong and other "star-rated" Buddhist believers, as well as many other film stars and well-known businessmen attending the meeting, have also become the targets of the reporters on the spot.


　　Pan Shiyi, a well-known businessman, said when he entered the venue that he came to attend the World Buddhist Forum mainly to learn from the eminent monks, and he "cares about all topics and wants to learn everything".


　　Six-year-olds, an actor wearing beads, said, "I have met many long-lost old friends and many eminent monks and virtues in this forum. The topic of concern this time is the relationship between art and Buddhism." A six-year-old boy who became famous for playing the Monkey King said that it is more effective to express the theme of Buddhism through art forms that people like to see and hear than just to preach the truth.


　　"Walking into the Vatican Palace for the first time is like going home."


　　When Da De, a monk attending the meeting, walked into the main venue of Wuxi, the World Buddhist Forum, they were all shocked by this magnificent building. Many monks took out their mobile phones and video cameras, and took photos in front of exquisite and elegant Ou Su relief murals and magnificent oil paintings.


　　Shi Xiuan, director of the Hong Kong Buddhist Federation and head of the Focijing Temple in Hong Kong, took photos in front of the murals of Buddha statues as a souvenir. She said: "The Vatican Palace is very solemn, and its internal carvings and decorations are very modern. It will be greatly shocked to come to the venue."


　　Shiloh, a Sri Lankan monk who is taking a photo with a friend from China, said: "This palace is solemn and modern, and there is one in my hometown, Sri Lanka. Coming here makes me feel like going home."

Editor: Zhao Deli

Pre-sale price 16-200,000 Changan Mazda’s first new energy sedan EZ-6 starts pre-sale

On September 28, Changan Mazda MAZDA EZ-6 officially started pre-sale, launching two power forms of extended range and pure electric models, with a pre-sale price of 16-200,000. The pre-sale exclusive rights are limited to the first 10,000 units, including the next order of Zhiya version models with a limited-time upgrade value of 15,000 yuan configuration, the next order of Zhizun version models with a limited-time upgrade value of 10,000 yuan configuration, and pre-sale plus gifts.

The Changan Mazda MAZDA EZ-6 comes from Mazda’s power-controlled smart line architecture. Among them, the super pure electric models have two battery life of 480KM and 600KM, and the pure electric battery life of the Wuji Zengcheng models has 130KM and 200KM. The measured comprehensive battery life reaches 1301KM.

Changan Mazda MAZDA EZ-6 inherits the core brand genes of Mazda’s "Soul Design" and "One Man and Horse", and has improved in space, technology, power and intelligence. In the joint venture brand,EZ-6It is the first B-class new energy vehicle built on a leading pure electric platform, which also marksChangan Mazda will fully accelerate on the new intelligent electric track and continue to move towards the goal and vision of the first brand of joint venture new energy.

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Details hidden in Hengda’s annual report： two years of loss of more than 160,000 employees, Xia Haijun’s annual salary from 200 million to 140,000

　　On the evening of August 16, China Evergrande disclosed its complete annual reports for 2021 and 2022. Compared with the financial report released in mid-July, the disclosed annual report is more complete, from which more details of Evergrande’s corporate governance in the past two years can be glimpsed.

　　It is worth noting that when listing the rights and interests of major shareholders, the 2022 annual report did not indicate the relationship between Ding Yumei, one of the shareholders, and Xu Jiayin, but only referred to as "Ding Yumei". Compared with Evergrande’s previous 2021 interim report, Ding Yumei, the main shareholder, was referred to as "Mrs. Xu" rather than "Ding Yumei", or "Professor Xu Jiayin’s spouse, Ms. Ding Yumei".

　　In addition, in 2022, Evergrande lost a total of 58,077 employees, with a total attrition rate of 36%; in 2021, it lost a total of 102,340 employees, with a total attrition rate of 46%. Xia Haijun, known as the "working emperor", also saw his salary shrink significantly in 2022.

　　At the same time, Evergrande announced that in order to allow creditors under the Evergrande Agreement Arrangement time to consider the proposed subscription and its impact on Evergrande Agreement Arrangement creditors, the company has decided to postpone and reconvene the Evergrande Agreement Arrangement Meeting, and at the same time postpone and reconvene the Jingcheng Agreement Arrangement Meeting and the Space-based Agreement Arrangement Meeting, in order to be consistent with the schedule of the postponed and reconvened Evergrande Agreement Arrangement Meeting. The Hong Kong Evergrande Class A Agreement Arrangement Meeting will be postponed to the afternoon of August 28, 2023.

　　Xu Jiayin, chairperson of the board of directors of China Evergrande, said in the 2022 annual report released on August 16 that in line with the principle of respecting the principles of international restructuring, justice and fairness to the existing rights and requirements of all creditors, the company and its advisory team continue to conduct in-depth and detailed consultations with overseas creditors, and carry out multiple rounds of communication on the details of the restructuring plan, and steadily advance the formulation of the overseas debt restructuring plan. "Looking to the future, the company will make every effort to ensure the steady and orderly progress of key work such as’Guaranteed Jiaojiao Building ‘, do a good job in the continuous operation of new energy vehicles, property services and other sectors, explore the efficient disposal and effective revitalization of the company’s core assets, and steadily promote risk mitigation."

　　Over 160,000 employees in two years

　　According to China Evergrande 2021-2022 Environmental, Social and Governance Report, as of December 31, 2022, Evergrande Group had a total of 10,2910 employees (including 4,506 employees of Evergrande Automobile and 72,076 employees of Evergrande Property), and the number of employees in the real estate development and construction system decreased by 36.9% compared with the end of 2021. Correspondingly, Evergrande’s total employee cost (including director’s remuneration) fell from 14.07 billion yuan in 2021 to 4.63 billion yuan.

　　In 2022, Evergrande lost a total of 58,077 employees, with a total attrition rate of 36%; in 2021, it lost a total of 102,340 employees, with a total attrition rate of 46%. Of the approximately 58,000 employees who lost last year, the general staff 54,900, with an attrition rate of 38%; the attrition rate of middle and senior managers was 19%; and the attrition rate of leadership was 10%.

　　At the same time, as of December 31, 2022, Evergrande Group recruited a total of 40,120 new employees, and its total new recruitment ratio was 39%. Among them, general employees recruited the most, about 39,300 people, accounting for about 44%.

　　It is worth noting that when listing the rights and interests of major shareholders, in the 2022 Evergrande annual report released this time, the relationship between Ding Yumei, one of the shareholders, and Xu Jiayin was not specified, and only "Ding Yumei" was called. Compared with Evergrande’s previous 2021 interim report, Ding Yumei, the main shareholder, was referred to as "Mrs. Xu" rather than "Ding Yumei" or "Ms. Ding Yumei, the spouse of Professor Xu Jiayin".

　　In addition, Xin Xin (BVI) Co., Ltd., the actual controller of Evergrande Group, was only noted in the 2022 annual report as "beneficially owned by Professor Xu Jiayin". Compared with the 2022 interim report, the statement is that "according to the Securities and Futures Ordinance, the interests of Xin Xin (BVI) Co., Ltd. in the company are also deemed to be held by Mrs. Xu".

　　Evergrande’s announcement on August 14 described Ms. Ding as a "third party independent of the company and its connected persons" and that she also held about 5.99 per cent of China Evergrande’s total outstanding shares.

　　"The announcement has made it clear that Ding Yumei is a third party independent of the company and related persons. If it is a spouse, the statement of the announcement should not be a third party independent of related persons, but the actual divorce should be subject to the civil affairs department."

　　Ding Yumei was publicly disclosed as Xu Jiayin’s spouse, most recently in late 2021. According to the reporter’s inquiry, the Hong Kong Stock Exchange disclosed that Xu Jiayin and his subsidiaries provided as security to people other than qualified lenders as a guarantee, which caused the nature of the share interest to change. The document shows that Xu Jiayin’s spouse information column is Ding Yumei.

　　Salary reduced from 200 million to 21.23 million

　　As of December 31, 2022, Hengda Group’s directors and top executives were paid a total of 79.952 million yuan, of which Xu Jiayin’s salary totaled 126,000 yuan, executive director and president Sean’s salary was 24.52 million yuan, and Xia Haijun, known as the "working emperor", was paid 2123.1 yuan.

　　However, in response to the annual salary of some executives at Evergrande exceeding 10 million yuan, Evergrande responded on August 17 that it was a misunderstanding.

　　Taking the salary of Xia Haijun, the former president of Evergrande Group, as an example, the annual report shows that his salary in 2022 is 21.23 million yuan, including salary 7,000 yuan, director’s robe gold 134,000 yuan and option income 21.08 million yuan (unredeemable). Evergrande responded that according to Hong Kong’s financial accounting rules, even if the option cannot be redeemed, it needs to be included in the salary according to the assessed value of the option when it is issued, so the salary shown in the annual report is not the real income of executives.

　　In terms of robe gold and salary alone, Xia Haijun’s salary last year was about 141,000 yuan. But in the 2021 annual report disclosed by Evergrande, Xia Haijun’s salary alone was as high as 149 million yuan, with a total salary of 202 million yuan. In 2020, Xia Haijun’s salary when he was the CEO of Evergrande was also 165 million yuan, with a total salary of 204 million yuan.

　　It is understood that since the second half of 2021, Hengda has started the work of streamlining, optimizing personnel and reducing salaries significantly, among which the headquarters departments have been streamlined from 31 to 11, the headquarters management staff has been streamlined from 2,176 to 617, and the monthly salary of the president and executive vice president has been reduced to 10,000 yuan.

　　The reason why Xia Haijun is called the "working emperor" is that his annual salary at Evergrande is as high as 200 million yuan. In 2017, Forbes released the "Hong Kong Listed Chinese Stock CEO Salary List", Xia Haijun topped the list with 270 million yuan, and Yu Liang’s annual salary on the list was 9.79 million yuan and Mo Bin’s annual salary was 6.058 million yuan.

　　According to public information, Xia Haijun was born in Harbin in 1964 and graduated from Central South University and Jinan University with a bachelor’s degree in metal materials, a master’s degree in business administration (MBA), and a doctorate in industrial economics.

　　In 2007, Xu Jiayin spent a lot of effort to recruit Xia Haijun, and has been Xu Jiayin’s right-hand man since then, becoming the vice chairperson of the board of directors and president of Evergrande. But in July last year, the relevant banks enforced the deposit pledge of about 13.40 billion yuan in Evergrande Property. Xia Haijun, Pan Darong and Ke Peng, the then chief executive of Evergrande Real Estate, were all asked to resign.

　　In February this year, Hengda Property 13.40 billion yuan independent investigation of the main results announced, after the investigation, the independent committee does not recommend the restoration of Xia Haijun and other three original positions.

　　Xia Haijun’s most recent public appearance was in June 2021, according to media reports published on Hengda Group’s official Weibo, when Hengda Group and China Petrochemical Group’s strategic cooperation signing ceremony was held in Beijing. Ling Yiqun, deputy general manager of Sinopec, and Xia Haijun, president of Hengda Group, signed a strategic cooperation agreement on behalf of both parties. Zhang Yuzhuo, chairperson of Sinopec, and Xu Jiayin, chairperson of Hengda Group, attended the event and witnessed the signing.

The owner’s story from Jianghuai iEV2 to Geometry A, listening to a car practitioner telling about 9 years of electric life.

Two weeks ago, we told a story about a man.The story of weilai car ownerHe bought his first electric car JAC iEV4 five years ago, and then he was no longer an "electric sprayer".

After the article was published, many old car owners added my WeChat and recalled the first tram they bought that year. Coincidentally, many of these people’s first tram experiences are related to Jianghuai.

What interests me most is one of the car owners named Mingzhou, because he said that he drove an electric car as early as 2011. I quickly checked the data of that year and found that more than 8,000 new energy passenger cars were sold in 2011. In the next two years, the market scale was only in the early 10 thousand, and it was not until 2014 that the real explosive growth was realized.

My intuition tells me that Mingzhou is definitely not an ordinary car owner.

Sure enough. After in-depth communication, he told me that his current occupation is the research and development of new energy vehicles. However, in 2011, he did the research and development of traditional fuel vehicles. At that time, his old club was Jianghuai Automobile.

After the start and development of new energy vehicles, as an industry practitioner, how does Mingzhou view the changes of trams? What expectations did he have for trams? Have they all come true now? Is his car selection experience different from that of ordinary car owners?

We talked intermittently for several days. Today, we can finally present his story to everyone and listen to his story together!

(The owner is in Mingzhou, and the picture is provided by the owner)

In 2001 and 2011, I bought a JAC iEV2 in Hefei.

In 2011, I just graduated and worked in Jianghuai, where I was riding a bike. Later, I talked about my girlfriend and bought a motorcycle. After a fall, my leg ached terribly, so I thought it was time to buy a car.

At that time, a colleague of mine bought JAC iEV1, and only a hundred cars were put into use in Hefei. I drove it several times and it felt good. Half a year later, iEV2, which was on the same platform as iEV1, came. I wanted to try it, so I started with a try.

(Jianghuai iEV2, picture from the network)

At that time, the domestic new energy vehicle market was still in its infancy, and there were few electric vehicles in the market. The state and Hefei municipal government provide great support. In addition to subsidies for car purchase, they can also enjoy free parking and free charging.

But frankly speaking, the technology at that time was still very imperfect and the battery capacity was very low. IEV2 can be regarded as a pioneer model of electric vehicles in China, but it can only run for 100 kilometers, and it has no fast charging function or energy recovery.

In terms of appearance and interior space, this iEV2 is exactly the same as that of Jianghuai Tongyue fuel vehicle at that time, that is to say, iEV2 is still an oil-to-electricity vehicle.

But for me at that time, the main consideration for buying a car was to be able to shelter from the wind and rain and have air conditioning, so it was enough to run to and from work in Hefei, so this iEV2 still met my use requirements.

In the end, the car was driven for less than two years and ran almost 20 thousand kilometers. There was only one problem during this period, and it was reported once in a winter, but it will be fine soon after restarting. It is also such a smooth car experience that I have always believed that Jianghuai has a good reliability.

To say that it is inconvenient, it is because of the limited cruising range and the lack of fast charging function that cross-city use cannot be realized. It was for this reason that I finally sold it, because I was going to work in Nanjing.

I still remember that I chatted with a Japanese expert more than once and said, "If only the electric car could run 300 kilometers."

In 2002 and 2016, I bought JAC iEV4 and BYD Qin in Nanjing.

After I arrived in Nanjing, I bought a fuel-efficient car, but I still feel that the electric car is easier to drive. I have been paying attention to the dynamics of Jianghuai Automobile and I am full of expectations for the electric car.

When you think about it, the requirements at that time were really not high, just hoping for fast charging and energy recovery. Later, I learned that iEV4 began to be sold, and these two functions I was looking forward to very much were available. I quickly returned to Hefei and bought one.

(Jianghuai iEV4, picture provided by the owner)

At that time, the endurance was increased to 150 kilometers, which was much better than iEV2 in acceleration, steering stability and chassis comfort.

The first challenge I faced after picking up the car was to drive the car back to Nanjing from Hefei and challenge the actual distance of 180 kilometers with a battery life of 150 kilometers. I was still a little worried at that time. However, after driving at a speed of 70-80km/h, I really arrived in Nanjing smoothly, and there was about 20% electricity left. At that time, I realized that the working condition was too important for electric vehicles.

In fact, there are many models to choose from in 2016. BYD and BAIC have already produced models with a battery life of 300 kilometers. The reason why we chose JAC iEV4 instead of a 300-kilometer model is mainly the cost performance. This car was the cheapest car I could look at at at that time. Coupled with my familiarity, affection and trust in its quality, it was easy to make such a choice.

After driving iEV4 back to my home in Nanjing, I encountered a new problem-charging. In fact, I can charge at my own door, but the property does not allow it, and I often get complaints. The charging station near my home is also difficult to use, and I often encounter the situation that oil trucks occupy space.

This iEV4 is now being driven by my father who lives in his hometown in Hebei. At that time, it was very hard for us to drive the car back to Hebei. My father and I drove slowly all the way, and we often encountered incompatible charging piles in high-speed service stations, so we had to choose slower charging piles with higher compatibility to charge, so it took us three days and three nights to drive this iEV4.

This is my personal experience. I already have a 300-kilometer electric car that can meet the needs of most people. What is the bottleneck of electric cars? Until now, I also think it is charging.

Fortunately, the quality of this iEV4 is not bad, and it has been very easy to use. Now it has run 30,000 kilometers. Father scoffed before, but now he really likes it. After all, it’s quiet and saves money.

At the end of 2016, I also bought a second-hand BYD Qin PHEV, which was purely to experience plug-in hybrid. I didn’t think that this car, which had only driven 20 thousand kilometers at that time, brought me a lot of trouble First, I bought it and changed a few power batteries soon, and then I changed the motor and gearbox assembly. Later, the state was still not good, and these were changed for the second time, which was very tossing. However, BYD is awesome, and all of them are replaced for free.

Later, I heard from friends in the circle that there were many problems with this first car, and BYD later solved and improved it. But anyway, the experience I had was really not very good.

In March, 2019, I was in Ningbo, and bought JAC iEV6E and Geometry A.

In 2019, I have already worked in Ningbo, but I still pay attention to Hefei Jianghuai and am very interested in the iEV series. Because the subsidy dropped sharply in that year, it was more appropriate to buy a car before the fall. So I started a JAC iEV6E, and later I drove it back to my hometown in Hebei to drive it for my sister.

(Jianghuai iEV6E, picture provided by the owner)

The tram in my home is Geometry A now. In April 2019, after Geometry A went on the market, my wife and I liked it very much and soon went to the store for a test drive.

My lover obviously likes it better than me. I understand that women are all impressionists and attracted by the beautiful temperament of Geometry A.. The interior is sci-fi, the appearance is beautiful, the seat is comfortable, and it is fully functional. It also has L2 assisted driving, and the power is much better than that of previous JAC cars. So at present, this car is driven by both of us. The gas truck is running at 15 or 6 gas, and I am really more and more reluctant to drive.

In fact, it’s not just me, many people around me are like this. As long as the first electric car is not too bad, people often continue to choose the tram for the second car. Even if you have a petrol car at home, you will still buy another tram as a supplement.

Now this Geometry A has been driving for less than a year, and it has run 13,000 kilometers. It is really easy to drive. As long as it is within 150 kilometers one way, we will choose Geometry A..

The reason for this is the distrust of public charging stations, because it is really difficult to judge whether the charging stations in the high-speed service area are good or not unless they have been there. I have encountered the situation that the charging station is not easy to use twice in a row, which is a headache.

In addition, if I say that the one-way distance is less than 150 kilometers, I will choose Geometry A, because the cruising range of my Geometry A is 410 kilometers. I tried it once at high speed, and I can run about 360 kilometers. Plus, I will leave some allowance for myself, and I can run at least 300 kilometers back and forth.

My hometown is in Hebei, which is far from Ningbo where I live. I can’t drive a few times a year, but the mileage will be longer once. In daily life, I drive electric cars the most, and the mileage is much more than that of oil cars every year.

In my opinion, if you only need to drive long distances once or twice a year, electric vehicles can completely replace fuel vehicles. Moreover, the feeling of driving an electric car is too different from that of driving a fuel car. There is no frustration, quietness and unpleasant smell, and the more you drive, the more you like it.

(Geometry A, the picture is provided by the owner)

04, 2020, recalling the past and looking forward to the future.

After more than ten years of strong support from the state and huge R&D investment from car companies, the key components such as batteries, motors and electronic controls in China have developed very well. In addition, the oil price is still subject to international crude oil resources, and the electrification of private cars will definitely be a national strategy and a future development trend.

At present, the pioneer Tesla has started the brand, and there are also new power brands that have done well in China. After the localization of Tesla, Huawei, Xiaomi and VIVO in the automotive industry may appear soon.

Although there are many good models with a battery life of 500 kilometers, I always think that electric vehicles are not simply pursuing high battery life. After a certain degree of attenuation, reaching 300 kilometers has actually met the needs of most people.

For the mileage anxiety and charging problems that the industry is generally concerned about, they are actually interrelated. If one problem can be solved, it will not be a problem. For example, considering the attenuation in winter, the battery life can still meet the use requirements; Or realize convenient charging and convenient fast charging.

The residual value of used cars is related to the stability of vehicle quality and market acceptance. In my opinion, in 2025, or a year earlier, electric vehicles will be in full bloom in the China market. At that time, the cost will come down, the sales volume will rise, the acceptance of consumers will rise, and the market will open at once.

Are you also a new energy owner? If you are interested in sharing your car experience, please add me to WeChat 421008676 for a private chat, become the owner of the first electric bull, and send out the voice of the real owner together. There are surprises ~

Author: Ming Yan

Source: First Electric Network (www.d1ev.com)