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Basic Biology of Macrophages： From Origin to Function

Written by: immune meow with picky eaters

Source: gossip Immunology

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Macrophages (English name: Macrophages, abbreviated M) are immune cells widely distributed in blood and tissues of the whole body.Macrophages can devour and kill intracellular parasites, bacteria, tumor cells, as well as self-aging and abnormal cells, and play an important role in immune defense, immune homeostasis and immune monitoring.Macrophages are a kind of phagocytes and belong to monocyte system.
　
Macrophages have been a hot research object for a long time because of their diversity and heterogeneity in tissue distribution.
　

one

The origin of macrophages
　

The evolution of species diversity and struggle for existence have produced a complex host defense system, which relies on natural immunity, first single-celled eukaryotes, and then adaptive immunity in tissues and developing eukaryotes. Natural immunity was first expounded at the end of 19th century, and Elie Metchnikoff introduced the word "macrophage", which means "macro = big and phage = eater”。 Monocytes/macrophages are a small group of white blood cells determined by their location, phenotype, morphology and gene expression profile.

Monocytes account for 4-10% of nucleated cells in normal peripheral blood. In blood, the half-life of monocytes is less than 20 hours. For many years, it has been assumed that macrophages are completely differentiated from circulating monocytes, but the recent morphological and functional differences between these cells refute this hypothesis.

Recent research evidence shows that macrophages in most adult tissues are sown before birth, and during embryonic development, they are transferred from.yolk sacIt has the ability of self-renewal and is maintained independently of monocytes. In addition,Each organ has its own unique combination of embryos and adult macrophages..

Embryonic macrophages participate in tissue reconstruction, while adult macrophages mainly assist host defense. In addition to these differences, we also observed that embryonic macrophages and adult macrophages coexist in many different organs.

2

Tissue distribution of different macrophages　 　

According to their anatomical location and functional phenotype, macrophages can be divided intoMicroglial cell、osteoclast、pm, spleen tissue cells and interstitial connective tissue, liver interstitial connective tissue and kupffer cells.

There are also different types of macrophages in the intestine, which have different phenotypes and functions, but work together to maintain tolerance to normal intestinal flora and oral antigens.

There are also different numbers of macrophages in the secondary lymphoid organs, including macrophages in the marginal area of spleen, which inhibit the natural immunity and adaptive immunity to apoptotic cells, and sinus macrophages under the capsule of lymph nodes, which remove the virus in lymph and start the antiviral immune response.

differentMacrophages exist in immune immune immune sites., such as the brain, eyes and testicles, these parts are inTissue remodelinganddynamic balancePlay a central role. These tissue-specific macrophages devour dead cells, debris, foreign antigens and materials, organize the inflammatory process, and recruit more macrophages as needed.

three

Plasticity and polarization
　

Macrophages are remarkable plastic cells, which can be obtained fromConversion from one phenotype to another.. Macrophage polarization is a process. Macrophages show specific phenotypes and make functional responses to microenvironment stimuli and signals encountered in each specific tissue.

Local cytokine environment can localize macrophage polarization. The two subsets of macrophages with different functions include classic activated or inflammatory (M1) and alternately activated or anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages. This phenomenon of these two different M1/M2 phenotypes is called.Macrophage polarization.

M1 macrophageIt is usually induced by the recognition of Th1 cytokines (such as IFN-γ and T NF-α) or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These macrophages produce and secrete high levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23 and COX-2, while the level of IL-10 is low.

Functionally, M1 macrophages participate in the elimination of pathogens during infection by activating nicotinamide adenine phosphodinucleotide (NADPH) oxidase system and then producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, M1 macrophages have strong anti-microbial and anti-tumor activities, mediating tissue damage caused by reactive oxygen species, damaging tissue regeneration and wound healing. In order to prevent this kind of tissue damage, the anti-inflammatory effect of M2 macrophages inhibits the chronic inflammatory reaction by regulating the mechanism.

M2 macrophageSTAT6 is activated by IL-4 receptor α(IL-4Rα) and polarized by Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, which has anti-inflammatory effect. Besides IL-4 and IL-13, cytokines such as IL-10 can also regulate M2 polarization by activating STAT 3 through IL-10 receptor (IL-10 R).

IL-33It is a cytokine related to Th2 in IL-1 family and can induce M2 polarization. It is characterized by up-regulating arginase-1(arg-1), CCL 17 and CCL 24, thus mediating pulmonary eosinophilia and airway inflammation.

IL-21It is another Th2-related cytokine that drives M2 polarization. M2 macrophages have the characteristics of anti-inflammatory cytokines, which are characterized by low production of IL-12 and high production of IL-10 and TGF-β.

Functionally, M2 macrophages have strong phagocytosis, which can remove debris and apoptotic cells, promote tissue repair and wound healing, and promote angiogenesis and fibrosis. Therefore, generally speaking, M2 cells participate in Th2 response and parasite clearance, inhibit inflammation, promote tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, immune regulation, tumor formation and progress.

However, the M1/M2 phenotype does not reflect different phenotypic subsets of macrophages. According to the activation stimulus received, M2 macrophages can be further divided into four types.M2A, M2B, M2C and M2DDifferent subgroups of the composition.

M2aMacrophage subsets can be induced by IL-4 and IL-13, producing high levels of CD206, bait receptor IL-1 receptor II(IL-RII) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA).

Immune complex (ICs) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists or IL-1 receptor ligands can induce M2b subgroup.M2bMacrophages simultaneously produce anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6 and α-α.

M2cCells were induced by glucocorticoid and IL-10, and showed strong anti-inflammatory effect on apoptotic cells by releasing a large amount of IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β.

Finally, TLR agonist induced the fourth M2 macrophage through adenosine receptor agonist.M2d.

The activated receptor of adenosine then inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, induces anti-inflammatory secretion of cytokines (high IL-10, low IL-12) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEG F), thus providing a drug withTumor associated macrophages (TAMS)The angiogenic characteristics of the characteristic. M2 macrophages exposed to M1 signal, or conversely, induced differentiated macrophages to "repolarize" or "reprogram" is another evidence that they have high functional plasticity and can potentially pursue therapeutic goals.

four

hugeMigration of phagocytes

Monocytes and macrophages migrate to the site of inflammation or injury to eliminate the initial inflammatory signal and ultimately promote wound healing and tissue repair.

This process is mainly initiated by pathogen-related molecular patterns (PAMPs) (released from invasive pathogens) and damage-related molecular patterns (DAMPs) (released from damaged or dead cells to cope with infection and injury).

In addition, antigen can activate memory T cells in tissues through secretion.manyInflammatory cytokines and chemokines are used to trigger the recruitment of macrophages. Chemokines directly participate in the migration and activation of monocytes through endothelium, and monocyte chemoattractant protein -1 (MCP-1) is a monocyte chemotactic factor, which participates in the occurrence of inflammation and induces monocyte chemotaxis and migration by interacting with CC chemotactic factor 2(CCR2) on monocytes. MCP-1 is mainly secreted by activated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), monocytes and T cells. MCP-1, together with IL-8 or CXC ligand -8(CXCL-8), can trigger the firm adhesion of monocytes to vascular endothelial cells under blood flow conditions. Monocyte adhesion and migration across endothelium through activated venule wall is a basic immune response, which depends on the expression of adhesion molecules of chemical mediators on the surface of vein endothelium.

These adhesion molecules belong to four families:Selectin、Integrin、Immunoglobulin superfamilyandMucin-like glycoprotein.

five

Antigen presentation

Antigen presenting cells, mainly macrophages, are the outposts of the immune system that starts and regulates immune response. An important feature of macrophage biology is the capture, endocytosis and expression of self or foreign antigens, which providesThe connection between innate immunity and adaptive immunity.

Macrophages reside in surrounding organs, where they monitor surrounding tissues for invading pathogens. They alert the immune system to the presence of pathogens by engulfing them, processing their antigens and presenting peptide fragments that bind to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. After antigen treatment, macrophages migrate to T cells and stimulate them. Activated macrophages express high levels of costimulatory molecules and antigen presenting molecules on their surfaces, such as CD 80, CD 86 and MHCⅠ ⅰ and ⅱ molecules. Mixed Leukocyte/Lymphocyte Reaction (MLR) is used as a basic test for determining the function of macrophages, because it measures the proliferation ability of macrophages to allogeneic T cell populations.

six

Production of cytokine and chemokines

Interleukin is a kind of cytokine, which is involved in inducing adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), angiogenic factors and signal pathways, such as nuclear factor kappa B(NF-kB) and signal transduction and transcription activator (STAS) involved in tumor invasion and angiogenesis.

Activation of M1 macrophages can induce proinflammatory cytokines., including TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18 and IL-23; Produce nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and RNS；; Antigen presentation; Expression of CC chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR5; Promoting T-helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 responses provides an effective mechanism for killing.

Obviously, M1 and M2 macrophages have different chemokine profiles, while M1 macrophages expressing Th1 cell chemokines, such as CXCL9 and CXCL10.

M2 macrophages express chemokines.CCL17, CCL18, CCL22 and CCL 24. M1 macrophages express inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and together with costimulatory molecules CD 40, CD 80 and CD 86, they up-regulate MHCⅡ class II molecules to promote cytotoxic adaptive immunity.

M1 macrophages express Th1- and Th17- polarized cytokines IL-12, IL-23, IL-27 and Th1- aggregation chemokines CXCL 9, CXCL 10 and CXCL 11. On the contrary, M2 macrophages support the resolution of inflammation by transferring gene expression to anti-inflammatory molecules such as IL-10, TGF-β, IL-1R1Ⅱ and IL-1Ra. M2 macrophages also express a large number of endogenous receptors, including scavenger receptor CD 163, stabilizer -1 and type C lectin receptor CD 206, CD 301, Dectin-1 and CD 209. In addition, M2 macrophages recruit Th2, regulatory T cells (Tregs), eosinophils and basophils by secreting chemokines such as CCL 17, CCL 18, CCL 22 and CCL 24..

seven

Macrophage apoptosis

Apoptosis is a normal, physiological and necessary process of cell selection and survival, eliminating and removing unnecessary cells, such as aging, damaged, genetic mutation and virus-infected cells; In fact, anti-apoptosis can promote malignant transformation of normal cells.

At present, it is known that macrophage apoptosis is related to various stages of the disease related to the decline of pathogen activity, which can be regarded as a natural immune defense mechanism and strategy for the host to limit infection against intracellular pathogens.

On the contrary, many cellsPathogens have the ability to kill infected cells., destroy the host pathway, inhibit cell apoptosis, leading to necrosis. This strategy can makePathogens escape the host’s immunity and infect other nearby or distant cells.. These apoptotic infected cells also provide a link between innate immunity and acquired immunity. When professional APCs absorb apoptotic vesicles, this connection begins when bacterial products and pathogenic antigens enhance T cell activation. Similarly,Pathogens inhibit apoptosis and promote necrosis.It also impairs the presentation of bacterial antigens, which may be the mechanism of immune escape.

In atherosclerosis, macrophages die by reducing the number of cells in the lesion, which is beneficial to reduce the lesion area. In the progress of atherosclerosis and other diseases, the phagocytosis of M2 macrophages solves the problem of apoptosis and its adverse effects. This unique functional feature of M2 macrophage is caused byHigh level of scavenger receptorExpress support.

Macrophages phagocytize debris, injured cells, dead cells and apoptotic cells, and inhibit macrophages from producing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin -1β, interleukin -6 and interleukin -8. The mechanism involves autocrine or paracrine of transforming growth factor -β(TGF-β), thus inhibiting further recruitment of monocytes and macrophages.

In addition, the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory IL-12, IL-23 and IL-27 and stimulates the production of anti-inflammatory IL-10.

By limiting the phagocytosis of local inflammation, it can also protect tissues from harmful pro-inflammatory reactions, death, injury and the immunogenic content of dead cells, and throughNecrosis after apoptosis to protect the growth of lesions.

In the late stage of atherosclerosis, the phagocytic function of apoptotic cells is seriously damaged, which leads to the aggregation of macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells, which eventually blocks the decomposition of inflammation and promotes local necrosis, inflammatory state and plaque instability.

Understanding the exact mechanism of pathogen inhibiting apoptosis can avoid natural immunity and adaptive immunity, which provides a new strategy for optimizing treatment. The idea of manipulating the host or bacterial pathway to induce more cell apoptosis, "apoptosis-promoting therapy", may help to produce a more effective immune response.

eight

Macrophage metabolism

Recent evidence shows that metabolism plays an important role in the formation of macrophages and the obvious polarization phenotype. Under normal, physiological and pathological conditions, macrophages face an oxygen gradient.Macrophages adapt to hypoxia by shifting their metabolic pathways to glycolysis.. In addition, the activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF)-1 and -2 caused profound functional changes, including the expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors, such as CXC chemokine 4(CXCR 4), CXCL 12, angiogenesis factor and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)(Biswas and Mantovani, 2012; Orihuela et al., 2016). Therefore, macrophages help to coordinate the response of tissues to oxygen gradient and hypoxia conditions.

Macrophages M1 and M2 can obviously regulate the metabolism of glucose, amino acids, iron and folic acid.After macrophage activation, its metabolic pathway changes from oxidation to glycolysis.solve. Under the action of M1 stimuli (such as LPS, Th1 cytokines and IL-12), they showed a metabolic transformation to anaerobic glycolytic pathway, while M2 stimuli (such as IL-4 and IL-13) had little effect. Macrophages activated by IFN-γ and L-PS are often associated with acute infection, so it is necessary to trigger strong antimicrobial activity quickly in hypoxic microenvironment. In this case, the anaerobic process such as glycolysis is the best way when energy is needed. Interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide strongly induce glucose uptake and inhibit fatty acid uptake and oxidation. Therefore, glycolysis metabolism is enhanced and mitochondrial activity is decreased.

On the contrary,M2 macrophage functions, such as wound healing and tissue repair, need continuous energy supply.. This requirement is made byGlucose oxidative metabolism and fatty acid oxidationProvided, andFatty acid oxidation is the most important metabolic pathway of M2 macrophages.. M2 macrophage has the characteristics of high mitochondrial activity and oxidative phosphorylation. They show enhanced respiratory activity based on fatty acid β oxidation. Both metabolic pathways are up-regulated in the process of macrophage activation, but glycolysis is the main metabolic pathway, which can produce DNA and cell membrane synthesis substrates and promote the growth and differentiation of monocytes. It is another possibility of glycolytic metastasis of M1 macrophages to produce rapid and optimal response at the infected site.

In addition, the accumulation of citric acid in M1 macrophages is essential for the production of pro-inflammatory mediators NO, ROS, RNS and prostaglandin. Another important aspect is the metabolism of amino acids closely related to the functional phenotype of macrophages. M1 macrophages are characterized by the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).The production of NO is an important anti-microbial effect. M1 macrophages are active, while M2 macrophages do not produce NO.. On the contrary, they express high levels of Arg-1 and play a role in catalyzing the production of polyamines, which are necessary for collagen synthesis, cell proliferation, fibrosis and other tissue remodeling functions. Interestingly, the production of polyamines is reported to be the driving factor of M2 polarization.

In addition, there are significant differences in iron metabolism between M1 and M2 macrophages. Although M1 macrophages express a large number of iron storage proteins, such as ferritin, the content of iron porphyrin they express is low, and ferritin is the export of iron. Compared with M1 type macrophages, M2 type macrophages have lower ferritin content, but higher ferritin content. This different iron metabolism may be related to its function. Because iron is necessary to support the growth of bacteria, the retention of iron in M1 macrophages is a kind of bacteriostasis and supports the host’s protection against infection. On the contrary, the iron released by M2 macrophages is beneficial to tissue repair, but it can cause tumor growth and metastasis.

Metabolic adaptation is an important aspect of macrophage polarization and its functional activities.

nine

MicroRNA involved in macrophage polarization

MicroRNA plays an important role in many aspects of macrophage biology, thus affecting many biological and pathological conditions, such as monocyte differentiation and development, macrophage polarization, infection, atherosclerosis, tumor growth, inflammatory activation, cholesterol homeostasis, cell survival and proliferation, and phagocytosis.

MiRNA-24, miRNA-30b, miRNA-142-3p and miRNA-199a-5p can inhibit the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages.

M1 macrophage polarizationMiRNA-125, miRNA-146, miRNA-155, miRNA-7a/f and miRNA-378 are needed, andM2 polarizationThen miRNA-let-7c/e, miRNA-9, miRNA-21, miRNA-146, miRNA-147, miRNA-187 and miRNA-223 are needed.

In addition, miRNA-342-5p promotes NO synthesis, and IL-6 provides pro-inflammatory signals for macrophages. Although miR-21 has been proved to have both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects, its anti-inflammatory effect is more prominent. MiR-155 and miR-142-3p inhibited the proliferation of macrophages compared with let-7a. MiR-155 can promote and prevent apoptosis at the same time, while miR-21 and let-7e negatively regulate the apoptosis of macrophages.

Main references

Abbas Shapouri Moghaddam，doi:10.1002/jcp.26429，2018

Thomas A. Wynn，Nature，doi:10.1038/nature12034，2013

Nicole J. Horwood，Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol，doi:10.1007/s12016-015-8519-2

Revealing the fastest supercomputer in the world： it takes 32 years for the earth to turn on the phone for one minute.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Nanjing, June 20th: One minute on the phone counts as 32 years — — Revealing the World’s Fastest Supercomputer "Shenwei Light of Taihu Lake"

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Jiang Fang and Cai Yugao

　　On June 20th, the International Supercomputing Conference (ISC) in Frankfurt, Germany announced the new TOP500 list of global supercomputers. The "Shenwei Taihu Light" developed by the National Center for Parallel Computer Engineering and Technology won the first place with nearly three times the operation speed. What’s more exciting is that the system has realized the localization of all core components including the processor.

　　How fast is the computing speed of the new overlord of supercomputers? What does full localization mean? Has China Supercomputing reached the top of the world? Xinhua News Agency reporter walked into the Wuxi Center of National Supercomputing, which is responsible for the operation and maintenance of the system, and unveiled the mystery of "Shenwei Taihu Light" for you.

　　What’s the feeling of the fastest computing in the world? One minute of operation is equivalent to 32 years on earth.

　　The peak performance of the system is 125.436PFlops, ranking first in the world;

　　The continuous performance is 93.015PFlops, ranking first in the world;

　　The performance-to-power ratio is 6051 mflops/w, which is still the first in the world.

　　The news from the International Supercomputing Conference is confusing just by looking at the data.

　　"Simply put, the one-minute computing power of this system is equivalent to 7.2 billion people around the world using calculators to calculate continuously for 32 years; If mainstream laptops or personal desktops produced in 2016 are used as a reference, ‘ Light of Taihu Lake ’ It is equivalent to more than 2 million ordinary computers. " Yang Guangwen, director of Wuxi National Supercomputing Center, introduced.

　　Walking into the National Supercomputing Wuxi Center, in a room of 1,000 square meters, the reporter saw the "real body" of "Shenwei Taihu Light":

　　It consists of 40 computing cabinets and 8 network cabinets. Each computing cabinet is slightly larger than a household two-door refrigerator. When the cabinet door is opened, four super nodes consisting of 32 computing plug-ins are distributed in it. Each plug-in consists of four operation node boards, and one operation node board contains two "Shenwei 26010" high-performance processors. One cabinet has 1024 processors, and the whole "Shenwei Taihu Light" has 40,960 processors.

　　"Each processor is equivalent to the computing power of more than 20 commonly used laptops, and more than 40,000 pieces are assembled together, and the speed can be imagined." Yang Guangwen said.

　　Global supercomputing, only fast and unbreakable. The significance of working on supercomputing research is not only "speed war", but more importantly, winning "application war".

　　Fu Haohuan, deputy director of the National Supercomputing Wuxi Center, introduced that relying on the "Shenwei Light of Taihu Lake", the research team with the theme of Tsinghua University realized the numerical simulation of the global 10-kilometer high-resolution earth system for the first time, which will comprehensively improve China’s ability to cope with extreme climate and natural disasters; The numerical simulation results of the return path of "Tiangong-1" by the National Computational Fluid Dynamics Laboratory are exciting and will provide accurate predictions for the smooth return of "Tiangong-1". The drug screening and disease mechanism research carried out by Shanghai Institute of Drugs completed the routine calculation in just two weeks, which greatly accelerated the progress of drug design in leukemia, cancer and avian influenza … …

　　From "glass room" to "restricted sale" of 25 square centimeters, completely breaking the 30-year technical blockade.

　　Thirty years ago, supercomputer users in China had a mysterious "glass room": Americans sold a supercomputer to China, wrapped it in opaque glass, and technicians from China were not allowed to enter without authorization.

　　Professor Wang Lanning from the Institute of Global Change and Earth System Science of Beijing Normal University still remembers this "technology enclave" in China. "Only a few authorized scientists in the country can enter the glass room, and it is under the supervision of Americans. Once the program runs, the machine is locked back to the glass room immediately. The so-called supercomputing speed seems to be a high-performance computer at best today, but it was an unattainable peak for China at that time. "

　　In the 1980s, China has gradually entered the ranks of countries that independently design and manufacture supercomputers, but the shortcomings of key components and technologies such as core processors can only be controlled by others, which directly leads to the fact that although China is a "big buyer" of foreign supercomputers, it cannot have the matching "bargaining power".

　　Stepping into the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", with the key support of the National 863 Project, China’s supercomputing development has continuously made breakthroughs. "Tianhe II" won "six consecutive championships", while the list of top 500 supercomputers in the world is getting longer and longer, which has aroused the vigilance of the United States. In April, 2015, the US government announced that four China organizations related to supercomputers were included in the restricted export list, with the purpose of locking up the rapid development of supercomputers in China through restricted sales.

　　It is the incentive brought by this blockade that has enabled China to make great efforts to develop fully localized "Shenwei" series supercomputers until it reached the top of the international list.

　　As a result, the thin block "Shenwei 26010", which is only 5 cm square, has not only become the heart of "Shenwei Taihu Light", but also become a sharp weapon for China’s independent research and development to break the 30-year technical blockade. Between the square inches of 25 square centimeters, 260 computing cores and billions of transistors are integrated, reaching more than 3 trillion calculations per second. The computing power of a single chip is equivalent to three supercomputers ranked first in the world in 2000.

　　Yang Guangwen said that there has always been a controversy about whether we should independently develop the core processor. Some people say that if we haven’t done it for so many years, we should simply stop doing it and "adopt" one. There are also voices that the high-speed rail model of introduction, absorption and re-innovation is very good. Why do we have to close the door and engage in independent ecology? "If we don’t adhere to the completely independent ecology, we can’t do it for more than ten years, and then we can’t do it for more than ten years. It is impossible to have the great power of core indicators going hand in hand today." Liang Jun, deputy director of the National Parallel Computer Engineering Technology Research Center, said.

　　From the "six consecutive championships" to the first billion China supercomputing, there is still a gap from the top of the world

　　Supercomputers, known as "the sharp weapon of the country", are the embodiment of the comprehensive strength of the country’s science and technology. From high-end materials, to life sciences and biotechnology, to deep-sea exploration and space technology, it is inseparable from the support of supercomputing. As soon as the good news came out, some people thought that China Supercomputer had "firmly" stood at the top of the world from now on. Is that really the case?

　　Yang Guangwen said that it is undeniable that the success of "Shenwei Light of Taihu Lake" indicates that China’s supercomputer research and development capability has already reached the world’s leading level, but there is still a clear gap between China and developed countries in terms of technical reserves and system stability.

　　The battle for speed is the most direct confrontation in the field of supercomputing. Compared with the glory of "Tianhe No.2" and "six consecutive championships", it is extremely difficult for Shenwei Taihu Light to occupy the first place in the world for a long time. In July last year, the United States launched the "National Strategic Computing Plan" with the goal of building the fastest computer in the world by 2025.

　　"In the next five to ten years, from one billion times per second to one billion times per second is the decisive place for supercomputer development." Relevant researchers from the National Center for Parallel Computing said that although supercomputing countries are deploying, there are many key technical links that need to be solved. Taking energy consumption as an example, the annual electricity consumption of Shenwei Taihu Light reaches 15 MW, which is equivalent to the electricity consumption of three Tsinghua University. Even if billions of times can be achieved with the existing technology, the energy consumption will be very amazing.

　　More importantly, no matter how fast the speed is, the development of supercomputing is always for "application", and this is still the shortcoming of the current development of supercomputing in China.

　　Zhang Jian, a researcher at the Computer Network Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that China’s ability to solve problems with supercomputing systems has been insufficient for a long time, and related commercial application software is still monopolized by foreign countries, and it needs to be further improved in software development, application development and personnel training. Only by transforming the advantage of "making good" into the advantage of "making good use" can we truly promote industrial innovation and upgrading.

Implementing real-time dynamic intelligent monitoring of big data, weaving and tightening the supervision and prevention network of medical insurance fund

The medical insurance fund is the people’s "medical money" and "life-saving money", and the CPC Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to the safety of the medical insurance fund.

Before the end of this year, the national intelligent monitoring "one network" will be initially realized-the Notice on Further Deepening the Intelligent Audit and Monitoring of Medical Insurance Funds issued by the National Medical Insurance Bureau (hereinafter referred to as the "Notice") proposes to accelerate the intelligent audit and monitoring of medical insurance funds, implement real-time dynamic intelligent monitoring of big data, build a fund safety prevention and control mechanism that is supervised before, during and after the event, and further weave the fund supervision and control network.

Strengthen the real-time dynamic tracking of the use behavior of medical insurance funds

At present, the supervision of medical insurance fund is faced with many supervision objects, huge amount of funds and massive settlement data. The past tactics of people’s sea, manual audit and manual supervision can no longer meet the needs of the new situation. The relevant person in charge of the National Medical Insurance Bureau said that it is very necessary to comprehensively establish an intelligent monitoring system, promote the normalization of intelligent monitoring, and strengthen the real-time dynamic tracking of the use of medical insurance funds. Intelligent audit and monitoring of medical insurance funds is an essential tool for daily audit and settlement of medical insurance departments, an important means for supervision of medical insurance funds in the information age, and an important technical support for effectively protecting people’s "medical expenses".

It is understood that the progress of the construction and application of intelligent supervision subsystem in different places is uneven, and the application results are quite different. The application progress of the national version 1.0 intelligent audit and monitoring knowledge base and rule base (hereinafter referred to as "two databases") is different. It is necessary to issue the Notice, increase the work, and promote local medical insurance departments to accelerate the application of the national version 1.0 "two databases" framework system.

Accelerating the intelligent audit and monitoring work has good information conditions and business foundation. On the one hand, the national unified medical insurance information platform has been fully established. Relying on the platform, the intelligent supervision subsystem empowers and enhances the supervision work and promotes the safe, efficient and rational use of funds. On the other hand, since 2019, intelligent audit and monitoring demonstration sites have been built in 32 cities; In March 2022, the Measures for the Administration of Knowledge Base and Rule Base for Intelligent Audit and Monitoring of Medical Security Fund (Trial) was formulated and issued; In May 2023, a national unified and standardized framework system of "two databases" was formed, and it was deployed and applied in the intelligent supervision subsystem of the medical insurance information platform. All these work have laid a solid foundation for further accelerating the intelligent audit and monitoring of medical insurance funds.

By the end of 2025, the intelligent audit and monitoring system will be basically established.

The "Notice" clarifies that by the end of 2023, all regional online intelligent supervision subsystems will be co-ordinated, intelligent audit and monitoring data will be accurately uploaded to the national medical insurance information platform, comprehensive intelligent audit will be carried out, the service behavior of designated medical institutions will be standardized, and agreement handling and administrative supervision will be strengthened, and the connection between handling verification and administrative law enforcement will be realized, and the "one network" of national intelligent monitoring will be initially realized. By the end of 2025, a standardized, scientific and normalized intelligent auditing and monitoring system will be basically established, and the construction and application of "two databases", intelligent auditing and anti-fraud big data intelligent monitoring and analysis will be more mature and perfect. Informatization, digitalization and intelligence will fully empower medical insurance auditing and fund supervision, forming a normalized supervision system that handles daily auditing and on-site verification, big data analysis, and intelligent monitoring of the whole scene.

The "Notice" requires strengthening the construction and application of the "two databases". All localities are required to accurately grasp the key points of the construction of the "two databases", and give medical insurance departments at all levels full autonomy. Under the framework system of the national "two databases", combined with local realities, rules and knowledge are supplemented, and rules parameters, indicators, thresholds, application scenarios, etc. are independently set.

Intelligent supervision subsystem for encouraging the docking of designated medical institutions

The "Notice" requires that the intelligent audit and monitoring of medical insurance funds should be combined with the agreement management, and effective measures should be taken to encourage designated medical institutions to actively dock the intelligent supervision subsystem, and the docking of the system should be linked to the annual assessment of designated medical institutions. Explore policies such as reducing the frequency of on-site inspections for medical institutions that actively strengthen the application of intelligent supervision systems and carry out self-examination and self-correction. The relevant person in charge of the National Medical Insurance Bureau said that the supervision of designated medical institutions by the medical insurance department and its internal management promote each other. Intelligent audit and monitoring is only a means of supervision and inspection, which is basically to urge medical institutions to make reasonable and standardized diagnosis and treatment, and to ensure that every penny of medical insurance funds is spent on the "cutting edge" of medical treatment for the people.

For example, the pre-warning focuses on strict real-name medical treatment, standardized diagnosis and treatment behavior, standardized billing and charging, early warning of excessive prescription of drugs, and early warning fee declaration. Through identification and video surveillance, the real-name medical treatment and drug purchase system is strictly implemented to ensure that the person’s certificate is consistent. Reminding in advance can help hospitals find deep-seated problems in internal control management, medical behavior and charging methods. For the whole medical industry, it is conducive to standardizing the practice behavior, creating a clean and upright industry environment, preventing illegal expenditures of medical insurance funds, and promoting the comprehensive strength and high-quality development of hospitals.

"Overall, medical institutions can automatically remind and intercept the obvious violations of medical personnel through intelligent monitoring, and remind suspicious violations in real time." The person in charge said that at present, more and more designated hospitals actively use intelligent monitoring to realize self-examination and self-correction, reduce the occurrence of violations, and minimize being held accountable or punished afterwards. Intelligent audit and monitoring system has become the "first line of defense" for medical institutions to use medical insurance funds in a safe and standardized way.

Does the comprehensive promotion of intelligent audit and monitoring of medical insurance funds have an impact on people’s medical treatment? The person in charge said that, in general, the medical insurance department’s fund supervision work respects the clinic and does not affect the normal medical treatment. Intelligent monitoring is "insensitive" to the insured, and will not affect the normal behavior of seeing a doctor. For clear violations of laws and regulations, it is necessary to strengthen supervision and intervention, and gradually realize the automatic interception of rigid constraints on violations of laws and regulations; For problems involving medical rationality, local medical insurance departments should fully listen to the opinions and suggestions of medical institutions when demonstrating and applying the rules. After the system detects suspicious problems, it should promptly feed back to the designated medical institutions for appeal, fully listen to the complaints of medical institutions and determine whether to pay after necessary procedures such as review, collegiate bench and final review. (Reporter Sun Xiuyan)

Geely+Baidu’s first model ＂Extreme Yue 01＂ appeared： take away the car logo of Jidu and choose four-wheel drive.

On August 14th, it was reported that the "Automobile Robot Strategic Cooperation Project" jointly created by Geely Holding Group and Baidu Group ushered in important progress.

Geely's brand-new brand is the official announcement of Extreme Yue Automobile! Join hands with Baidu to build the first model and release it at the end of the year.

According to reports, the first model of Extreme Vietnam was officially named "",and the official has exposed a number of exterior publicity maps.

Geely's brand-new brand is the official announcement of Extreme Yue Automobile! Join hands with Baidu to build the first model and release it at the end of the year.

From the appearance, the new car is expected to be a crossover SUV model with a closed grille design. From the side of the car body, the roof is slightly slipped and the tail is equipped with a hidden tail.

Geely's brand-new brand is the official announcement of Extreme Yue Automobile! Join hands with Baidu to build the first model and release it at the end of the year.

Geely's brand-new brand is the official announcement of Extreme Yue Automobile! Join hands with Baidu to build the first model and release it at the end of the year.

It is worth mentioning that. In October last year, the first model of Jidu-Robo-01 lunar exploration limited edition was officially unveiled, and the price was 399,800 yuan, which was consistent with the appearance of the newly unveiled "Extreme Yue 01", so it was basically determined to be a renamed model.

Picture 1

At present, the mark of concentration has changed, that is to say,

IT House found that according to the "Announcement of Road Motor Vehicle Manufacturers and Products" (the 374th batch) issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the first model of the new brand was officially unveiled.

, white body; Equipped with Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited ternary lithium battery, equipped with rear-drive 200kW single motor and four-wheel drive 200kW+200kW dual motor.

In addition, the car can be equipped with rims, brake calipers, brake discs, different types of awnings, logo, front license plates and so on.

, the rest of the configuration is basically the same and the size is the same.

Longnan area Xingtu Lanyue price reduction information, discount 18,000! not to be missed

Welcome to [Autohome Longnan Promotion Channel] to bring you the latest car market trends. At present, this high-profile SUV is holding a grand promotion in Longnan area. Buyers can enjoy a substantial profit of up to 18,000 yuan to minimize the cost of purchasing a car. The starting price has been reduced to 210,900 yuan, which is very attractive. In order to seize this rare opportunity, we strongly recommend that you click "Check Car Price" in the quotation form to know the latest discount details in real time and strive for higher car purchase discounts. Take action now and let Xingtu Lanyue become your driving partner!

陇南地区星途揽月降价信息，优惠1.8万！不容错过

With its exquisite exterior design, Xingtu Lanyue shows a strong sense of technology and luxury temperament. The front face is made of a large area of chrome grille, which is exquisite but not domineering. With sharp LED headlights, it forms a unique visual impact. The body lines are smooth, and the overall style is stable, highlighting the style of a high-end SUV. The profile of the side of the body is tough and powerful, creating a perfect combination of power and elegance, which is unforgettable at a glance. The exterior design of Xingtu Lanyue is designed to meet the dual pursuit of consumers for modern aesthetics and functional needs. It is a highly recognizable SUV model.

Xingtu Lanyue outlines an elegant silhouette with its domineering side-leaking body lines. The body size is 4970mm long, 1940mm wide, 1792mm high, and the wheelbase is up to 2900mm, giving it a spacious interior space. The front and rear wheels are 1644mm, ensuring driving stability. The tire size is 245/50 R20, and it is matched with a unique wheel design, which not only enhances the sense of sports, but also adds a fashionable atmosphere to the overall shape.

陇南地区星途揽月降价信息，优惠1.8万！不容错过

The interior design of Xingtu Lanyue highlights the perfect fusion of luxury and technology. The steering wheel is made of exquisite leather material, which not only enhances the comfort of the touch, but also supports manual up and down + front and rear adjustment to ensure convenient control for the driver. The 15.6-inch large-size central control screen stands in front, integrating functions such as multimedia system, navigation, telephone, air conditioning, etc., providing the driver with an intelligent operation experience. In terms of seats, Xingtu Lanyue is made of high-grade leather material, which not only ensures the comfort of the ride, but also is equipped with front seat heating and ventilation functions, and the driver’s seat even has an electric memory function. The passenger seat also supports front and rear adjustment and backrest adjustment. The second row of seats also has the function of front and rear movement and proportional reversal, which makes the space utilization very flexible. The rich configuration of USB and Type-C interfaces ensures that passengers’ multimedia needs are met. At the same time, the front row also supports wireless charging of mobile phones, and the details are fully user-friendly.

陇南地区星途揽月降价信息，优惠1.8万！不容错过

The car series Xingtu Lanyue is equipped with a powerful 2.0T engine with a maximum power of 192 kilowatts, which can provide continuous power output. The maximum torque of this engine is 400 Nm, and the 8-speed automatic transmission ensures the smoothness and response speed of the vehicle during driving, providing the driver with a smooth and dripping driving experience.

Summarizing the owner’s evaluation, Xingtu Lanyue attracted his attention with its atmospheric exterior design, and the side lines particularly impressed him. Although the design of the front and rear of the car seems slightly conservative, this does not detract from his recognition of the overall charm of Xingtu Lanyue. The owner’s love is undoubtedly a vivid proof of the charm of this SUV, and I believe that Xingtu Lanyue will continue to win more consumers’ favor with its unique charm.

[Review] The improvement of taxi service quality also depends on Guangzhou’s ＂four major moves＂

Wen/Yangcheng Evening News All Media Reporter, Yan Yiwen, Wang Man, Intern, Li Yushan

In recent years, Guangzhou has significantly improved the quality of industry services by adjusting the taxi fare structure, actively promoting the revision and improvement of industry management regulations, promoting industry informatization construction, and strengthening industry supervision. In 2020, the monthly average of industry service quality complaints dropped from the previous peak of more than 2,000 to about 500.

Recently, the Yangcheng Evening News all media reporters interviewed the Guangzhou Municipal Passenger Transport Management Office (hereinafter referred to as the "Municipal Passenger Management Office") and cruise taxi companies, detailed the key moves to improve the service quality of cruise taxis in Guangzhou, and deeply excavated the forces behind the image improvement of the taxi industry.

The service quality of Guangzhou cruise taxis has been improved, and the interviewees provided pictures

Tariff structure adjustment to increase driver income

In 2014, problems such as a significant decrease in driver income in the rental industry, the suspension of vehicle production, and the unreasonable freight structure gradually became prominent, followed by a decline in the service quality of the cruise taxi industry. "In the past, a driver’s monthly revenue was about 7,000-8,000 yuan, but in 2015, the monthly revenue was only about 4,000 yuan, and the income was reduced by half." Lin Le, head of the taxi management section of the Guangzhou Passenger Transport Management Office, told the Yangcheng Evening News in an interview with all media reporters that improving the driver’s operating environment and increasing driver income can improve the service quality of the industry.

The unreasonable fare structure is one of the important reasons for the decline in the service quality of the Guangzhou taxi industry. Cruise taxi operating prices include starting price, freight per kilometer, congestion waiting time fee, night service fee, etc. Before the adjustment of the fare structure, the starting price of Guangzhou taxis was 10 yuan, and there was no night service fee. The long-distance return mileage was 35 kilometers, and the waiting time fee was less. "The waiting time fee for 1 hour is only 26 yuan, so drivers are unwilling to go to congested and remote places, and they are unwilling to provide service at night." Lin Le analysis.

In 2018, Guangzhou proposed a taxi price adjustment plan, which was fully implemented in June of the same year. The starting price was adjusted from 10 yuan to 12 yuan; the renewal price was 2.6 yuan per kilometer for the part exceeding 3 kilometers; the congestion waiting time fee was increased to 44 yuan per hour; night service fees were added, and 30% of the renewal price was charged; the return mileage was 50% of the renewal price from the original 35 kilometers, 20% of the renewal price from 15 kilometers to 25 kilometers, and 50% of the renewal price for more than 25 kilometers.

Xie Weicai, manager of the market operation department of Guangzhou Baiyun Taxi Group Co., Ltd., experienced the industry changes before and after the price adjustment. He told reporters: "After the adjustment of the freight structure, the income level of taxi drivers has improved, and the overall service quality and service level of taxis have been significantly improved, achieving the expected effect." The reporter learned that after the adjustment of the freight structure, the monthly revenue of bicycles (double shifts) can increase by about 3,500 yuan, and the monthly income of a cruise taxi driver can increase by about 1,500 yuan.

The statistics of the Municipal Passenger Management Office show that within one year after the adjustment of the freight structure (June 2018-May 2019), the monthly average number of complaints about the service quality of the industry (1462 cases) decreased by 19% compared with the previous year (the average number of complaints in the previous year was about 1800 cases), the service quality of the industry gradually improved, and the total number of complaints about the service quality of the industry decreased month by month.

New in-vehicle intelligent end points regulate driver behavior

The new management regulations are implemented to clarify corporate management responsibilities

The improvement of the service quality of the Guangzhou taxi industry is inseparable from the standardization of relevant laws and regulations. In August 2019, the "Regulations on the Administration of Passenger Transport of Cruise Taxi Vehicles in Guangzhou" (hereinafter referred to as the "Regulations") were promulgated and officially implemented on November 1 of the same year. "The original" Regulations on the Administration of Passenger Transport of Taxi Vehicles in Guangzhou "came into effect in 2009 and are no longer suitable for the development and management needs of the industry. The new regulations combine the actual development of society and the industry to further strengthen the management responsibility of enterprises and require enterprises to bear the main responsibility." In Lin Le’s opinion, the amendments to the regulations have clarified the driver’s behavioral norms and obligations, which has effectively stimulated the vitality of market operation.

The reporter combed through the "Regulations" and found that the content of the regulations has further strengthened the implementation of the main responsibility of enterprise management. Among them, it is clear that if a driver violates laws such as refusing to load, bargaining, etc., while punishing the driver, the responsibility for poor management of the enterprise will be investigated. For example, if a vehicle belonging to an enterprise violates laws such as refusing to load, bargaining, detouring, and illegal operation by unqualified personnel, according to the standard of "more than five times in two consecutive months and exceeding 6% of the total number of cruising taxis of the enterprise", the enterprise will be fined 30,000 yuan and less than 100,000 yuan.

In addition, the new regulations strengthen the accountability of drivers for violations of the law. It is clear that for violations such as refusing to load, detouring, and chasing passengers halfway, the fine will be increased by 1,000 yuan; for those who refuse to accept inspection violations, the "warning treatment" will be changed to "warning and fine"; drivers who commit multiple violations will have their professional qualifications revoked.

After the promulgation of the "Regulations", the service quality of cruise taxis in Guangzhou has been further improved. According to the statistics of the Municipal Passenger Management Office, the overall complaint volume in 2019 remained at around 1,000-1,100 per month. From August 2019 to January 2020, the average monthly service quality complaints of the industry have dropped to 797, returning to the better service level of the industry during the Asian Games held in Guangzhou in 2010.

"It should be noted that the complaint structure has changed since 2020. In 2020, complaints about refusal to load dropped by 77% year-on-year, and complaints about bargaining dropped by 82% year-on-year." Lin Le said that the proportion of complaints about driver refusal and bargaining has dropped significantly, and complaints are mainly concentrated on service attitudes caused by poor communication between drivers and passengers.

Improve vehicle hardware and strengthen information supervision

"The supervision of violations by the competent authorities has been continuously strengthened; the management system of various taxi enterprises (reward and punishment mechanism), taxi equipment, video end points have been continuously improved; changes in the market environment, taxi drivers have gradually realized the importance of quality service, etc. These are all important factors for the improvement of service quality in Guangzhou taxi industry in the past five years." Xie Weicai said of the reasons for the improvement of the service image of Guangzhou taxi industry.

Driving without professional qualifications, carrying passengers without meters, smoking while driving, chatting on WeChat and watching videos on mobile phones… In recent years, Guangzhou has promoted the application of new on-board intelligent end points, and fully implemented audio & video surveillance. Taxi drivers’ uncivilized and irregular driving behavior is invisible in the face of new intelligent end points.

It is understood that the new vehicle intelligent end point is equipped with a high definition display screen, four high definition cameras and other equipment, which can perform human behavior analysis and AI visual recognition analysis on the driver’s behavior, and send relevant pictures and videos to the "car captain" APP, enterprise managers can correct the driver’s illegal behavior in time according to the information obtained.

The intelligent end point can also identify the driver’s uncivilized and irregular behavior. If the driver is tired driving, leaves the steering wheel with both hands, or does not look straight ahead with both eyes for a long time, the car will remind "for your driving safety, please do not drive tired." If the driver smokes in the car, looks at the mobile phone, does not wear a seat belt or deliberately blocks the camera, screenshots will be transmitted to the background in real time, and enterprise managers can see the driver’s detailed personal information and violations on the background APP. "The use of new vehicle intelligent end points, the improvement of vehicle imaging equipment, and the popularization of information monitoring systems have comprehensively enhanced the service image of the industry and enhanced the public’s riding experience," Xie Weicai said.

Since 2015, the Guangzhou taxi industry has begun to promote the application of technical means. At present, about 20,000 cruise cars in the urban area have all achieved full coverage of the new vehicle intelligent end point. Through the use of information technology means, the whole process of supervision of the service quality of operating vehicles and drivers has been realized.

In terms of improving vehicle hardware, Guangzhou uses 100% new energy vehicles in the renewal or addition of cruise cars through policies such as capacity index incentives and vehicle purchase subsidies. In November 2020, Dongfeng Qichen Company donated 4,000 sets of fully enclosed floor mats in the car to the Guangzhou Taxi Association to solve the current problems of worn floor mats and curling in some cruise taxis, and greatly improve the hygiene in the car.

"Enterprises can make more efforts to improve their service image. For example, by strengthening the service quality assessment of drivers, through the assessment of driver service quality, the better the service, the higher the driver’s income, and the goal of rewarding diligence and excellence." Xie Weicai said that in the future, Guangzhou Baiyun Taxi Group Co., Ltd. will further strengthen the daily service supervision of taxis. Through information management methods such as taxi video monitoring and intelligent end points, it will strengthen the supervision of taxi drivers’ clothing, hygiene and disinfection, and standardize service. Improve taxi service quality.

Precision strikes are not soft, and high-pressure law enforcement has achieved remarkable results

Guangzhou taxi market operation order has improved significantly, bargaining, refusal complaint rate has dropped significantly, but also thanks to the transport sector to actively explore and innovate law enforcement methods.

In April 2016, the municipal traffic law enforcement department set up an electronic law enforcement room to carry out pilot work in the area around the Tianhe passenger station. By setting up high definition cameras on the strictly regulated road section, taxis are dynamically monitored 24 hours a day. As long as there are violations such as bargaining refusal and illegal waiting for passengers to pick up passengers, they will be "recorded". After the implementation of electronic law enforcement for one month, the number of illegal taxis caught in the area decreased by 70% month-on-month.

"Taxi violations have the characteristics of instantaneous and occasional. During the investigation, it is difficult for both drivers and passengers to obtain evidence, and the efficiency of human road inspection alone is low." Law enforcement officials said that the addition of scientific and technological means has greatly improved the efficiency of law enforcement and has a greater deterrent effect on illegal drivers. In November 2018, the municipal traffic law enforcement department further optimized big data law enforcement. Taking Baiyun Airport as a pilot, it integrated on-board video, satellite positioning, electronic monitoring, bayonet data and other technical resources to form a new model of "big data analytics + off-site law enforcement", so that violations can be followed. Since the Spring Festival of 2019, this model has been promoted and applied in areas such as East Railway Station and Tianhe Passenger Station.

Off-site law enforcement is not affected by factors such as location, time, and weather. Even if law enforcement officers are not on site when the violation occurs, they can still screen and collect evidence through big data afterwards. The supervision scope is wide, the seizure efficiency is high, and it also solves the problem of complaints "difficult to collect evidence" very well.

According to statistics, in 2020, the municipal traffic law enforcement department investigated and dealt with a total of 4,553 cases of various types of taxi violations, of which 3,516 were filed by off-site law enforcement, accounting for 77.2% of the total number of cases filed in the year. In addition, from January to November 2020, 4,967 complaints about the quality of service in the industry were accepted, a decrease of 57.43% year-on-year. "As long as the driver has violated the regulations, the basic investigation is accurate, and the number of drivers who take chances with violations has decreased significantly," the law enforcement official said.

In addition to strengthening pavement inspections and increasing investment in science and technology, the municipal traffic law enforcement department has also adopted measures such as safety production law enforcement, administrative interviews, and industry notifications. Since the implementation of the Regulations, the municipal traffic law enforcement department has conducted 25 law enforcement interviews with taxi enterprises and filed 414 cases. Since 2019, a total of 56 safety production law enforcement inspections have been carried out on taxi enterprises, and 39 cases have been filed according to the "Production Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China".

Deng Chao’s ＂Founding of the People＂ creates handsome Xu Beihong, and the vest steals the spotlight


Han Sanping praised Zhao Wei and Deng Chao as the last generation of Chinese movie box office



Deng Chao’s "makeover" in "The Founding of the People"



Deng Chao took a group photo with the cast and actors


　　Deng Chao, who had dyed his white hair for filming "Di Renjie" before, has made many fans scream, praising and impressed by Deng Chao’s alternative style. Deng Chao, who went to the suburbs of Beijing on the 27th to shoot the gift blockbuster "Founding of the People", once again "changed his face", appeared in a Western-style white shirt and black vest, and was particularly eye-catching among a group of actors in Mao suits. He was even named the "Most Photogenic Styling Award" by the extras in the film, and also scrambled to take a photo with Deng Chao.


Deng Chao’s Western style makes everyone’s eyes shine


　　Deng Chao participated in the filming of the two scenes of the CPPCC preparatory meeting in "The Founding of the People" on the 27th. In order to conform to the formal atmosphere of the meeting, most of the actors present were dressed in serious Mao suits and seriously discussed the relevant matters of the national anthem and national flag of New China. Among the participants, only Deng Chao was wearing a shirt and vest with a foreign flavor, which made the meeting more lively and jumping atmosphere, which was very eye-catching. It turned out that Deng Chao played the famous painter Xu Beihong this time. As a generation of art masters, Mr. Xu Beihong has been engaged in artistic creation all his life and has studied abroad. His personal temperament and aesthetic standards are different. Therefore, it is reasonable to choose black handsome clothes with Western style when participating in the meeting. The new look that Deng Chao tried this time allowed the audience to see a different Deng Chao again, and to see the trendy, lively and romantic side of Deng Chao’s personal temperament.


Deng Chao stood out among the stars


　　"The Founding of the People’s Republic", as the most ambitious film in 2009, gathered more than 60 A-list stars from mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan, which not only became the biggest highlight of the whole film, but also allowed the extras involved in the shooting to see the grand scene of the star gathering. However, as soon as Deng Chao, who participated in the shooting on the 27th, arrived at the scene, many extras besieged him and asked to take pictures with him. Some extras even said that they were used to seeing stars in military uniforms and Mao suits. Seeing Deng Chao in a handsome black suit, they felt more and more spirited and cute. It can be seen that this Western-style dress made Deng Chao successfully stand out from the star pile.


　　He became the object of everyone’s pursuit and love. Deng Chao admitted that such treatment surprised him, and of course he was already happy. But Deng Chao still did not forget that the key to the success of a character lies in the performance level and the presentation of personal temperament. Therefore, while having a handsome dress to "escort", Deng Chao focused on the inner world and connotation of Xu Beihong, hoping that the generation of masters he created, Xu Beihong, could continue to stand out among many characters.

Great Wall Gun brand released! 126,800 pickup trucks were pre-sold, and domestic pickup trucks moved towards high-end.

When it comes to high-end pickup trucks, many friends will think of models such as Raptor and Smooth Road. Nowadays, we also have our own domestic high-end pickup trucks. On August 18th, Great Wall Motor released the new brand of pickup truck-Great Wall Gun, and announced the pre-sale price of pickup truck for the Great Wall Gun: 126,800-159,800 yuan.

What is the market expectation of Great Wall Gun as a domestic high-end pickup brand? What are the highlights of its first model? With these questions, this issue of "Looking at a New Car with Wisdom" is explained by Xiao Zhi.

The brand and the first model of Great Wall Gun made their debut at this year’s Shanghai Auto Show. At this brand launch conference, the Great Wall Gun officially announced that it will become the first global pickup truck brand in China, and will lead the pickup truck in China to start the 3.0 multi-purpose ride era.

Great Wall Motor also interpreted the logo of the Great Wall Gun brand. The logo evolved from the letter "P", which represents the triple meanings of "power" strength, "PK" challenge and innovation, and "perfect" perfection and extreme life. At the press conference, Li Ruifeng, vice president of Great Wall Motor and general manager of the sales company, also released the "123 Strategy" of the Great Wall Cannon pickup truck, namely, to maintain the first domestic and export sales volume, to achieve an annual sales volume of 200,000 vehicles in 2020 and a cumulative sales volume of 3 million vehicles in 2025. Up to now, the cumulative sales volume of Great Wall pickup trucks has reached 1.6 million, that is, in the next six years, the average annual sales volume will exceed 230,000.

The Great Wall Gun series pickups are built on the platform P71, and the vehicle pickups unveiled at the press conference are hard-core and fashionable. The front face of the new car adopts a brand-new Logo, the front face adopts a trapezoidal large-mouth air intake grille, and the three banner chrome-plated decorative strips highlight the exquisiteness of the front face. With the thick front bumper, the front of the car is full of strength. The rear part of the car is round and full, and the taillight uses a rare LED light source at the same level, which has a high recognition after lighting, and the logo on the rear part is the logo of the Great Wall pickup truck.

In terms of body size, the specific length, width and height of the Great Wall Gun are 541019341886mm, the wheelbase is 3230mm, and the internal dimensions of the cargo compartment are 1520/1520/538 mm..

As for the interior, the center console of the Great Wall Cannon pickup truck adopts a symmetrical design, and the overall modeling style is similar to that of Haval H9. Its interior texture is remarkable. The interior color matching provides three kinds of matching: technical texture, brown imitation wood decorative board and brown and white leather material to meet the aesthetic needs of different consumers. A large number of leather covers are used in the central control and door panels.

The 9-inch large screen equipped with the Great Wall Gun and the new intelligent network connection system not only have high-precision speech recognition, entertainment control and other functions, but also can realize remote control of vehicles through mobile phone interconnection, such as remote starting of vehicles, air conditioning control, oil quantity detection and other functions. In terms of comfort configuration, the new car is equipped with 6-way main driving electric adjustable seat, seat electric heating, dual-temperature zone automatic air conditioning and other functional configurations; In terms of safety configuration, the car is equipped with the latest generation of Bosch 9.3 ESP, equipped with 360 look around, reversing images, parallel line assistance, 12 radar probes and other intelligent configurations. It is worth mentioning that the pickup truck for the Great Wall Gun is also equipped with L2-level automatic driving technology, which matches ACC adaptive cruise, lane keeping, intelligent forward looking, intelligent driving assistance and other functions.

In terms of power, the pickup truck of the Great Wall Gun is equipped with a 2.0T gasoline engine code-named GW4C20B, with a maximum power of 190 HP and a peak torque of 360 Nm, which supports the national six emission standards. The transmission system is matched with an 8-speed automatic manual transmission from ZF and equipped with a four-wheel drive system. In addition to the passenger version of the pre-sale price announced this time, Great Wall Gun will also provide commercial and off-road models in the future to meet different needs of consumers.

For a long time, the market share of pickup trucks in China is only 1.8% due to policy restrictions and consumer awareness. However, with the continuous maturity of China’s automobile consumption market, the regulations on pickup trucks have been gradually relaxed since 2016. In 2018, reflective strips and word spraying were cancelled; At the beginning of 2019, it was proposed to "steadily and orderly expand the scope of restrictions on pickup trucks entering the city". According to the data of the Association, the pickup truck market in China has grown by 10% in 2018, far exceeding the passenger car market, which shows that the pickup truck market still has great market potential. Moreover, the multi-function and versatility of pickup trucks is an incomparable advantage of any other vehicle. With the loosening of pickup truck welcoming policy in China in recent years, the spring of pickup truck market is coming.

Great Wall Motor, which started as a pickup truck, has won the domestic and export sales for 21 consecutive years, and has accumulated profound technical force and rich experience in building cars. Its Fengjun series pickup trucks have a market share of about 36% in the domestic market and have been the sales champion in the domestic pickup truck market for many years. In the first half of this year, the cumulative sales of Great Wall pickup trucks was about 80,000 units, up 16.8% year-on-year, and the pickup truck market remained the absolute number one. In terms of sub-models, Fengjun 5 and Fengjun 7 continued to win the first place in single-model sales, and Fengjun 7 continued to lead the sales of new products. While improving the inherent tool pickup truck market, Great Wall pickup truck has also opened the way for new products and brands to soar.

Xiao Zhi believes that pickup trucks no longer bear a single tool attribute, and the pickup trucks that can be used at home, off-road and pull goods will be the direction for its breakthrough and high-end development in the future. Take today’s protagonist, the Great Wall Cannon, for example. It has launched three models: off-road version, passenger version and commercial version to meet different needs of consumers. Xiao Zhi learned from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology that the Great Wall Gun declared a total of 11 national six models, including 2 passenger pickups, 9 commercial pickups and all gasoline and diesel national six models.

The appearance of the Great Wall Gun really opened the era of pickup trucks in China. From the perspective of product strength, the interior of the Great Wall Cannon pickup truck has a passenger car-level comfort configuration, and the new car has reached the L2-level automatic driving level. Judging from the market performance, Great Wall pickup trucks are exported to Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Australia, and have achieved good sales and reputation. With the blessing of the general factors, Great Wall Gun has the confidence and capital to launch an impact on the goals of the top three pickup brands in the world. With the increasingly mature domestic market environment, Xiao Zhi is optimistic about the market prospect of the Great Wall Gun.

CCTV.com

　　As a film adapted from a best-selling topic novel, The Da Vinci Code aroused unexpected controversy. To some surprise, not only did religious groups dislike the film, but the film critics and audiences’ reactions to the film were also uneven, and the average evaluation was not high. From the common sense, there are two Tom Hanks and Ron Howard Oscar regulars, bring up the rear’s movies, which should at least be worth the ticket price.

　　It’s a little far from China audience.

　　"For most China audiences, it is even more difficult to understand."

　　Nina Wu

　　On the day of the premiere of The Da Vinci Code, although the audience in China was in high spirits, many people felt unintelligible both during and after watching the film. The fundamental reason is that the content of the film is really far from the audience in China, because many of the contents in the film involve religious factional contradictions, historical and theological stories.

　　Although the author has made a detailed introduction and analysis in the novel, in the movie, the inevitable reduction has directly erased these wonderful things mercilessly. This makes the China audience sitting in front of the big screen look worried. In addition to thinking in detail according to the theoretical analysis of the protagonist, they must constantly accept the new content. The final result is that they either don’t understand it, or they pick up sesame seeds and throw watermelons.

　　Let’s talk about many famous European scenes in the film. Because all these scenes are inextricably linked to the decryption in the film, it is even more difficult for most China audiences who have never been there to understand them.

　　I want to watch it a second time.

　　"It’s like the famous raiders of the lost ark series."

　　Shan Zong

　　First of all, I haven’t seen the original Da Vinci Code, so I don’t have to carry the burden of deliberate comparison in my mind when I watch this movie. Compact plot, suspense clues, the urgency to find out, everything is so incisive, I shouted after reading it.

　　I’ve always been interested in biblical stories. When I read The Da Vinci Code, I had an eye-opener and an unprecedented subversion of religious history, which had already been a fait accompli. It also surprised my chin and gave me the pleasure of digging up secrets. For example, in the famous raiders of the lost ark series, the twists and turns make you have to look down.

　　The most amazing passage of this film is the interpretation of The Last Supper. By using the special means of the film, the original obscure Holy Grail and the relationship between Jesus and Mary Magdalene are clearly demonstrated and very magical at the same time, especially the displacement method that can’t be expressed in the book, which makes Mary finally snuggle up against Jesus, no matter how skeptical people are.

　　But The Da Vinci Code is more like a key, lamenting your shallow knowledge and urging you to explore more knowledge. So I’m going to watch it again.

　　From second-rate bestsellers to third-rate movies

　　"Like the Da Vinci Code can only prove that you read too little."

　　Ye Qingyi

　　Since I began to enter the university five years ago, I have been hearing the word "making books" in my ears. My classmates, teachers, brothers and sisters are all busy cooking best-selling books. The impact on me is that since then, I have never read the top 10 books on the bestseller list, which is how conscious I am of having spent huge sums of money to buy the Learning Revolution.

　　So I didn’t watch The Da Vinci Code before. Until two days before the premiere of the film, I quickly finished reading the original book based on the conservative strategy of reading the original book first. After reading it, I felt that this rigorous enthusiasm was really killing the goose that killed such a bestseller. It can be seen that this kind of thing, whether in China or the United States, can only provide excitement and information.

　　You don’t have to wait until you read The Da Vinci Code to know the golden section, and you don’t have to wait until such a best-selling book to tell you how lively the Christian conspiracy was in history, and the theological struggle was never inferior to the political struggle. If you read The Da Vinci Code, you will be surprised by the author’s erudition, it’s only because you have read too little before, and the Da Vinci Code

　　The Da Vinci Code is also very popular in China, which makes it even more difficult for me to understand. Most people in China don’t believe in God. The expression "Jesus was married and had children" will not make people doubt their faith and think about life-although this expression is really not new.

　　Skim away the knowledge of religious history and art history that the author shows off, and the "challenge to basic beliefs" that is not new at all, so what is left in The Da Vinci Code? Isn’t it just a treasure hunt story of a beautiful woman and a hero? And this story is really old-fashioned. The granddaughter and grandfather turned against each other, the hero full of love and wisdom, a killer who was used because of his faith, a headstrong policeman, and a humorous old British man finally found out that it was behind the scenes. Isn’t this too genre?

　　The film adapted from the novel is such a genre film, and there is nothing else. It takes at least an hour to see the answer to each riddle in the novel, but obviously the movie can’t wait, and it will be solved in three minutes-this is really fatal, and everyone knows the meaning of "the answer is found in the next issue". If it is changed to "the answer is just below the topic", what fun is there to expect? In addition, the knowledge of religious history and art history that the author showed off in the novel was shaken to a minimum in the film. Although I don’t like the original, I admit that it is a qualified lace shirt. Now that all the lace has been cut out, the shirt will soon become a vest, revealing the director’s inaction. He even didn’t find a suitable way to turn the novel into a movie.

　　Too many things that should be inked are missing, while other dispensable things are written in great detail, such as taking pains to reflect the hero’s fear of the chamber of secrets played by Tom Hanks, the albino ascetic monk often recalling his abused past, and the present situation that self corporal punishment often whips himself-this kind of lens handling is really second-rate Hollywood, which wants to be sensational and reluctant to really throw caution to the wind.

　　Facts have proved that this adaptation is a process of changing a second-rate bestseller into a third-rate movie.

　　Romance Bible Competition

　　At present, this level of controversy and attention, "The Da Vinci Code" is actually somewhat "guilty", and this film is not so "original". In film and television works, there are many romances and even parodies of the Bible. Here we list some of the most prominent ones. If you find it interesting to read The Da Vinci Code, you might as well read these again.

　　The Bible Code Wars

　　The Bible Code Wars, starring antonio banderas, describes a thousand-year-old skeleton excavated by Israeli archaeologists in the holy city of Jerusalem. After preliminary identification, the identity of this skeleton may be Jesus who was resurrected to heaven in the Bible. If it is determined that the skeleton is Jesus himself, then the foundation of Christian belief for two thousand years will be destroyed with the fact that "Jesus has not risen." As a result, representatives of the three major sects of Islam, Judaism and Christianity, and political groups such as Arabia, Israel, Europe and America gathered in the Holy City …

　　South park

　　In the world of South Park, nothing can’t be spoofed. Jesus is one of the "guest actors" with the highest appearance rate. There have been world Catholic representatives who held a congress in the Vatican to discuss a series of incidents in which American priests molested boys at that time; God, Allah and Sakyamuni joined forces to fight the devil; Adapting "The Martyrdom of Jesus" into "The Martyrdom of Jews" and other excessive plots.

　　Anger breaks the dogma

　　The film starring Ben Affleck and Matt Damon is even more subversive. The two good friends play two fallen angels, and they want to return to heaven by hook or by crook. Finally, there is a female version of God played by Alanis Morissette.

　　Walker between demons

　　Keanu reeves’s protagonist believes in heaven and hell, but he doesn’t fear the gods. He just plays a survival game according to the rules. There are several very interesting romance plots in the film, such as the Bible and the "Hell Edition", which has more than a dozen chapters than the "Human Edition", and it says that the son of Satan rushed out of hell and washed the world with blood. (Source: Sun Yang, beijing daily messenger)

Editor: Lei Zhao