分类： ee

　　As soon as the AI pathologist came out, he refreshed the highest level of AI-assisted cervical cancer screening at home and abroad that has been published internationally!

　　On the basis that the negative rate is higher than 60%, the correct rate of negative interpretation of cervical smear is higher than 99%, and the detection rate of positive lesions is over 99.9%. Cytopathologists read cervical smear under microscope, which takes an average of 6 minutes per case, while AI identification takes only 36 seconds. The interpretation speed of AI-assisted cervical cancer screening model is 10 times that of manual interpretation!

　　The all-media reporter of Guangzhou Daily learned from the release conference of artificial intelligence-assisted cervical cancer screening in China Bio-industry Conference that Jinyu Medicine and Huawei technology have made a breakthrough together. Based on pathomorphology, the teams of both sides trained an accurate and efficient AI-assisted cervical cancer screening model with the diagnostic criteria of pathologists for the first time through deep learning technology.

　　Text/Guangzhou Daily All-Media Reporter He Xuehua Correspondent Zhang Jinju

　　Pathology is the gold standard of diagnosis, but there are too few pathologists.

　　Pathomorphological diagnosis is recognized by the medical community as the "gold standard" for disease diagnosis.

　　Dr. Liang Xiaoman, a well-known cytologist in China, has been engaged in clinical cytological diagnosis in the Cancer Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences for decades. He pointed out that the body has pathological changes. What exactly does it mean? Benign or malignant? What is the degree? Diagnosis depends on different morphological changes of pathology.

　　However, only 5,000 cells are qualified for a pathological glass slide, and there are tens of thousands of cells. If pathologists look at it one by one, it will be exhausting and very boring to look at 100 pieces a day. Therefore, a "pathological person" sees 90% negative films every day, and gets excited when he sees positive films. "It’s really not easy to see people get excited when they are sick," said Liang Xiaoman. This is a double high effort of brain power and physical strength.

　　There is a great demand for pathological diagnosis, but there is a shortage of pathologists.

　　Liang Xiaoman said, for example, like cervical cancer screening, cytology should be combined with HPV testing. In China, there are more than 350 million school-age women aged 25-65, and screening once every 3-5 years requires 70 million people to be screened every year. But in fact, since 2009, women’s screening for two cancers has been promoted, and the total number of cervical cancer screening in 10 years is only a little over 70 million, that is, the population coverage rate is only 21.4%.

　　Medical research shows that the population coverage rate of screening should reach 80% in order to reduce the incidence of diseases in the population.

　　The lack of disease screening ability lies in the long-term scarcity of pathologists in China. Reading films under traditional microscope needs to be based on human visual interpretation, knowledge accumulation, skills and talents, and the training period can often be as long as 10 years. The data shows that there are currently less than 20,000 registered pathologists in China, and the gap is still as high as 80,000-100,000 based on the standard of 1-2 pathologists per 100 beds.

　　AI-assisted cervical cancer screening made a major breakthrough

　　"So, I am very excited to hear that AI pathologists have made a breakthrough in research and development!" Liang Xiaoman said that it was initially seen that "this AI pathologist" can reduce the workload of manual interpretation by about half, which means that the other half of labor and energy can be devoted to improving the positive rate interpretation, and the chances of pathologists being complained of "seeing less, not seeing correctly and seeing slowly" will also be greatly reduced.

　　The AI pathologist mentioned by Liang Xiaoman refers to the AI-assisted cervical cancer screening model jointly developed by Jinyu Medical and Huawei Cloud.

　　There are about 500,000 new cases of cervical cancer in the world every year, and the incidence rate in China accounts for 26%. As long as the disease of cervical cancer is screened and treated early, its cure rate and five-year survival rate can be greatly improved.

　　According to reports, this development is based on 43.5 million cervical cytology screening samples over the years, and nearly 200,000 image blocks are selected for accurate labeling and AI-assisted screening model training.

　　First of all, it is marked by many pathologists to ensure that the model can fully learn the morphology of various pathological cells. Based on the block-level labeling of these images, the AI model first classifies the samples and efficiently distinguishes the samples with high positive cell density.

　　Then, the AI model further accurately identifies positive cells to ensure that accurate auxiliary interpretation results can still be obtained on samples with low positive cell density. In order to ensure the correct results, the algorithm also selects a series of suspicious local visual fields and submits them to the pathologist for final review.

　　At present, the AI model has been verified with the verification set of more than 20,000 sample data. The verification results show that the negative rate of the model is 61.9%, the accuracy of negative film interpretation is higher than 99%, and the detection rate of positive lesions is over 99.9%. This is the highest level of AI-assisted cervical cancer screening at home and abroad.

　　Application of results:

　　There are at least three to five years before landing.

　　The development of AI pathologists can be described as an important practice of digital medicine and precision medicine, which provides strong support for accurate diagnosis in the future. Once the results are applied, it is expected that the workload of single cytological examination by pathologists will be reduced by more than 60%, and the screening efficiency will be greatly improved. Usually, it takes 6 minutes for cytopathologists to read cervical smear under microscope. The AI ? ? recognition takes only 36 seconds, and the interpretation speed is 10 times that of manual interpretation.

　　At the same time, by comparing and verifying the results of AI tips, doctors can make manual interpretation more conveniently and accurately, which can bring effective help to the quality control of pathological examination and the training of pathological students.

　　In terms of greater social benefits, in the future, once AI-assisted cervical cancer screening is applied and promoted, it will greatly improve the coverage and service frequency of cervical cancer screening services, so that the screening quality of school-age women can approach the level of developed countries and promote early screening and early treatment of cervical cancer.

　　However, experts also admit that the results are at least three to five years away from landing.

　　First of all, we should continue to invest more sample data to verify the AI model on a large scale, and at the same time make more professional annotations to improve the model, so that its specificity will be continuously improved under the premise of ensuring sensitivity, and even adapt to and be close to the reagent consumables and production level of primary hospitals.

　　Secondly, it is ready to start the registration of CFDA. It is understood that there is no clear guiding process and cycle at present. "Many analysts in the industry believe that the large-scale application of medical AI such as pathological AI and imaging AI in China is estimated to take 3 to 5 years."

　　"AI pathology" vs "AI image" is more accurate.

　　In recent years, AI medical care has become more and more hot, which belongs to the field of auxiliary diagnosis. AI images have developed even faster and entered the registration application process earlier than AI pathology. So, which is stronger, AI pathology or AI image?

　　In this regard, some cytopathologists believe that AI pathology is "more difficult, more refined, more lacking and slower".

　　Because the image is based on black and white, density, size and edge, and the pathology is polychromatic and reaches the cellular level, it is not just an auxiliary diagnosis of "whether it is a tumor" or "whether it is a lesion".

　　In other words, AI imaging doctors can "allow" the conclusion that "this may be a cancer, a benign tumor or a malignant tumor", while AI pathologists can’t do this, but tell "what is this, is it a cancer, and what kind of cancer it is".

　　"Hello, I am the official customer service of XXX. Seeing that you have a loan demand recently, we can help you apply for a loan amount of 30,000 yuan to 100,000 yuan. The next payment is fast, the procedures are simple and the interest is very low."

　　This kind of "pie falling from the sky" has made many enterprises and individuals who are short of funds feel like "a long drought meets the rain", not to mention the reliable and formal customer service of large enterprises such as Zhongan Xinye, Jingdong Finance and Gitzo Finance. I think it is the welfare that these large enterprises responded to the call of the state to the people under the epidemic.

　　Therefore, according to the guidance of "customer service", we added WeChat to facilitate the loan business. "Customer Service" sends a link, the user downloads an App, and then fills in the relevant loan information as required, just waiting for the loan to be approved.

　　After a while, the "enthusiastic" "customer service" came to the news again: "Your account number of the receiving bank card is wrong, and the loan funds are frozen. You need to pay a deposit of 6,000 yuan to unfreeze it. Please do it quickly, otherwise you will not only repay the loan, but also report it to the credit bureau."

　　The deposit was paid, but the loan on the promised day never came. What’s even more strange is that the WeChat was sent to the "customer service" and it was blacked out, and the call could not be reached.

　　Obviously, the methods of telecom fraud have been upgraded closely with the hot spots: counterfeiting corporate customer service and using counterfeit apps, online "customer service" communicates with users and takes money from users, which is extremely confusing.

　　Sun Xiaodong, director of the Cyber Crime Investigation Teaching and Research Section of China Criminal Police College, said in an interview with the reporter of Legal Daily recently that consumers should download apps from regular software stores, choose online services on regular platforms, and don’t be tempted by interests to take risks or trade illegally. "If you encounter fraud, you should report it to the police at the first time. Don’t be ashamed to talk about it, and don’t get entangled in the online platform, so as not to delay the opportunity to solve the case."

　　Fraud accounts for nearly 60% of epidemic-related crimes.

　　During the epidemic, criminals who committed telecom fraud were not idle.

　　This can be understood from a set of data released by the Supreme People’s Procuratorate on April 8th: with the convenience and concealment of network communication, the number of fraud cases increased greatly during this epidemic. As of April 7th, the national procuratorial organs approved the arrest of 1,588 cases and 1,675 persons for fraud crimes, and prosecuted 881 cases and 926 persons, accounting for 58.4% and 47.3% of all epidemic-related criminal cases respectively.

　　Why can fraud "squat" on the epidemic? Miao Shengming, director of the First Prosecutor’s Office of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, analyzed that there are many reasons for the high incidence of cases. One of them is that telecommunication network fraud is a crime that can be implemented without contact. Some criminals use the characteristics of online fraud to meet each other, making it easier to win the trust of victims. At the same time, this non-contact form makes criminals’ sense of morality and restraint decline and their luck psychology increase. In addition, the epidemic has made people stay at home and rely more on the Internet. Online shopping, online job hunting, online loans and home-based classes have become a new way of life for some people. Criminals take advantage of people’s inconvenient travel, eagerness to shop, job hunting or trust teachers during the epidemic, and the success rate of fraud is greatly improved.

　　Sun Xiaodong observed that with the outbreak of the epidemic, some physical stores closed down, people chose online services more, and criminals took the opportunity to commit crimes.

　　Xiao Xu who lives in Xiamen was unfortunately recruited. He spent 86 yuan to buy a mobile phone screen on the Internet, waiting left and right, but the courier didn’t come, and the call from the courier "customer service" came. He was told that the parcel was lost because of the staff’s mistake, and the courier company was willing to pay double indemnity 172 yuan.

　　Since the attitude of the courier company is so good, Xiao Xu did not hesitate and added WeChat according to the request of the other party. After adding WeChat, the express "customer service" sent a verification code to Xiao Xu. After scanning, Xiao Xu successively filled in the bank card number and payment password as required. However, as soon as he reached the submission stage, his information showed that the system had timed out and could not be submitted several times in a row. "Customer Service" carefully helped him analyze the reasons. According to the solution given by "Customer Service", Xiao Xu inexplicably downloaded two online loan apps and registered them as members.

　　But at this time, "customer service" disappeared, and Xiao Xu found out that "customer service" had borrowed 85,500 yuan and 33,500 yuan on the above two online loan apps through Xiao Xu’s bank card information. Fortunately, after Xiao Xu called the police, the case was broken.

　　Fraud, pattern renovation, hard to prevent

　　Xiao Xu’s experience is not a case. During the epidemic, telecom fraud methods emerged in an endless stream and were refurbished. The "Legal Daily" reporter combed recent related cases and found that there are mainly the following methods of telecom fraud:

　　The first is to fake the official App of a company. In the name of a company, criminals claim to provide high rebate wealth management activities, loan lines, etc., to guide users to download fake apps, and "customer service" conducts capital transactions in fake apps or prompts "bank card error" and other information in the transaction, requiring users to pay extra money.

　　The second is to cancel the campus loan. On the grounds of canceling student loans and campus loans, criminals demand to help users cancel quotas and accounts, and guide customers to operate loans to defraud funds by means of transfer.

　　On April 1st, the anti-fraud center of Daxing Branch of Beijing Public Security Bureau announced a case of impersonating a customer service fraud of a large-scale network platform. The reason given by the fraudster was that "the state has rectified campus loans, and users must cancel the credit payment account registered during their college years, otherwise it will affect personal credit information", believing that Xiao Li, the real victim, was cheated out of 88,500 yuan.

　　Shortly after Xiao Li graduated from college, he received a phone call claiming to be "official customer service" a while ago. The liar’s statement made Xiao Li feel very sudden. When hesitating, the other party accurately reported Xiao Li’s school, major and account opening time. Xiao Li believed it. He was worried that buying a house and a car would be affected in the future, so he quickly asked the other party about the cancellation method.

　　The other party said that in order to cancel the account, we must first ensure that there is enough deposit in the bank account, and the deposit amount should be consistent with the account application amount. If the money is not enough, you can borrow from other loan platforms and then transfer to the bank card.

　　Subsequently, according to the requirements of the other party, Xiao Li borrowed a total of 88,500 yuan from Alipay, Didi Chuxing and JD.COM Gold Bar respectively and transferred them to the designated account. However, the news of account cancellation did not come, and the other party lost contact.

　　The Anti-Fraud Center of Daxing Branch reminded that there have been many scams like this this year. Many college students are not deeply involved in the world, easy to trust others and fall into the "routine loan" scam. Many employees who have not been to work for a long time will also be lured into a trap by "customer service" with identity information because they are not careful in registering accounts.

　　The third is fraud in the name of account security. In the name of "official customer service" of a platform, criminals guide customers to add chat software, and after gaining customers’ trust, they induce customers to provide personal sensitive information such as ID number, verification code, bank card number and password, or transfer funds to designated accounts through WeChat.

　　The fourth is after-sales fraud. On the grounds that there are quality problems in historical orders, criminals demand a refund or exchange goods for customers, or express that they want to send gifts, and there are abnormal express delivery, etc., they induce users to provide personal information, log in to fake websites or scan unknown QR codes for risky operations.

　　The fifth is fraudulent text messages. The criminals send short messages to customers, which involve words such as withdrawal and loan, and contain links. After clicking, they ask users to fill in personal information or bank card information, resulting in financial losses; The content of the text message sent does not contain words related to a company, but after the user’s bank card information is defrauded, the scammer uses the customer’s bank card information to make a transaction in a company’s App.

　　The sixth is to brush the bill. Customers take the initiative to participate, or are lured by lawless elements to participate in the billing and credit, and promise to return the full amount and give customers a certain percentage of commission. After the customers cooperate with the operation, the merchants fail to perform the contract.

　　In addition, there are other "niche" fraud methods.

　　Cooperation between police and enterprises to control fraud has achieved remarkable results

　　How to control the stubborn disease of telecom fraud?

　　In Sun Xiaodong’s view, during the epidemic, the public security organs always made every effort to crack down on online fraud crimes, and major online platforms also fully cooperated with the public security organs to provide case clues, which has proved to be positive and effective.

　　In the case of Xiao Xu in Xiamen, the cooperation between police and enterprises has achieved positive results. It is understood that Jingdong Finance relies on advanced financial technology strength, rich experience in attack and defense of black products, and industry-leading all-round risk management system, and uses anti-fraud algorithms such as AI black technology "risk control super brain" relationship network, knowledge map and neural network to monitor abnormal behavior in real time, assess credit risk, and successfully help the police lock and arrest suspects.

　　Obviously, the technical advantages of the Internet platform are obvious, and a joint effort with the police to combat fraud will get twice the result with half the effort. According to the relevant person in charge of Jingdong Finance, for a long time, online telecom fraud has caused serious reputational impact and economic losses to enterprises. Jingdong Finance has continuously invested resources, and has been working hard to combat these illegal acts. Combining with the existing scientific and technological means, it has given full play to its own technological advantages and independently developed a number of intelligent risk control systems, which are used to identify suspicious transactions and provide early warning in time to ensure the information security of customer accounts in an all-round way.

　　"Communicate with the police at any time about the detected fraud involving our company, actively cooperate with the police to effectively crack down on illegal activities such as online telecom fraud from the source of the crime, and practice corporate social responsibility to contribute to protecting the legitimate rights and interests of consumers and purifying the online business environment. At the same time, in order to give consumers better safety education and risk warning, JD Finance has set up a consumer rights protection department to provide users with the most cutting-edge anti-fraud knowledge on a regular basis through online and offline channels such as WeChat, Weibo and entering the campus, so as to improve users’ prevention of telecom networks. The person in charge said.

　　Indeed, it is very important for users to improve their anti-fraud awareness and safety awareness. Experts in the industry pointed out that it is difficult to investigate the responsibility of the online lending platform because such cases are caused by the user’s personal independent behavior. On the one hand, users should pay attention to personal privacy and information protection. On the other hand, when they encounter similar phone calls involving money, they must pay more attention to it and verify it in many ways, such as calling the official phone number of the relevant platform or consulting professionals, instead of doing relevant operations according to the requirements of fraudsters in a hurry. If you are defrauded, you must pay attention to retaining and collecting relevant evidence materials and call the police in time. (Reporter Zhang Wei)

　　With "science", everything is fine. "With the development of science, problems can always be solved", which has almost become a mindset. In fact, this is scientism, also known as science.Learning doctrine-

　　What is "science"

　　The definition of science in Ci Hai is a knowledge system that reflects the essence and laws of various phenomena in the real world by using categories, theorems and laws. According to the different research objects, it can be divided into natural science, social science and thinking science, as well as philosophy and mathematics, which are all in the three fields.

　　What is "scientism"

　　Scientism refers to an ideological trend or movement in epistemology and philosophy of science. Scientism holds that natural science is real scientific knowledge, and only the method of natural science can be effectively used to acquire knowledge, which can be popularized in all research fields and solve various problems faced by mankind. Scientism pursues instrumental rationality, ignores value rationality, and extrapolates the concepts and methods of natural science without restrictions and regulates humanities and social sciences, which is contrary to the scientific spirit.

　　"Democracy" and "science" (called "Mr. De" and "Mr. Sai") are the most common categories in China’s academic discourse in modern times. For a long time, we have talked more about the origin and origin of "democracy", but less about this aspect of "science". In view of this, the author focuses on the relevant situation and problems of "science".

　　How did "science" rise?

　　In modern China, "science", like "democracy", was imported from the West. In the west, after rationalism provided a methodological basis for science, science developed in great strides. The main achievements in the 16th century were in astronomy and anatomy. Newton was the most representative figure in the 17th century, and there were many scientific achievements in the 18th century, covering a wide range of fields, which was closely related to the wide spread of rationalism. In terms of scientific theory, or philosophy of science, Bacon in Britain and Descartes in France have made indelible contributions to the construction of modern scientific theory, and they are the foundation figures.

　　Bacon’s scientific theory has several principles: the first principle is to attach importance to experience, and most British people have such ideological characteristics. Bacon’s theory is also empirical. He particularly emphasized the experimental nature of science and pointed out that science must be experimental, which became the first principle of modern science. Anyone with scientific common sense knows that all scientific conclusions come from experiments. Without experiments, there is no science, and only the results tested by experiments are reliable. The so-called experimental test has a basic requirement, that is, no matter how many times you do it, where you do it, and who does it, as long as the experimental conditions are the same, the conclusions you get should be exactly the same. Bacon’s second principle is that science must be useful and can be used. About this point of view, it depends on how we understand it, because early European scientists were all idle people, basically aristocratic gentlemen, who had nothing to do after eating, and did not want to hunt and play poker like other nobles, so they squatted on the ground to observe ants, or went to the Woods to observe leaves-whether they were three or four, and so on. What’s the use of observing these things? It depends on how we understand it-it may be useless to themselves and they can’t make money. In fact, they don’t need to make money; But it will be useful to human beings and the world, and it can be used to understand and transform nature in the end. This is the third principle of Bacon’s scientific theory-you can transform nature.

　　Descartes is the French, and most the French have the same ideological characteristics. Unlike the British, they like abstraction. French thinkers sit there all day thinking hard, reasoning abstractly, designing many theoretical models and imagining many solutions to problems from theory to theory. Most French enlightenment thinkers are like this. Descartes can’t get rid of the French’s ideological characteristics. His greatest contribution to scientific theory is that he believes that all science-as long as it is science, it can be expressed by numbers. This is of decisive significance to the later development of natural science. As we all know, natural science can be expressed by mathematical formulas.

　　Bacon put forward the principle of experiment and Descartes put forward the principle of mathematics. Add these two together and it becomes a modern natural science. People who study science actually learn two things, one is to do experiments, and the other is to express them with mathematical formulas. It can be said vividly that Bacon and Descartes are the modern natural sciences, and these two men are tied as the founders of modern natural sciences.

　　Does "science" exist objectively?

　　Science is a pillar of modern society, which will not be a problem. But if you ask: What is science? To put it another way, does science exist objectively? I believe most of us will think that science is an objective existence, just like other objective existence; All we need to do is to find out the objective existence of "science", just like finding a tree in the Woods. For many people, "science" already exists, but people don’t know it. We found it out, thus "discovering" science. But the fact is: what we can find is only natural phenomena, or the laws of object change and movement.

　　In fact, science is man’s creation and man’s exploration of nature. Man knows all kinds of natural phenomena through his own activities, and the accumulation of these activities and knowledge is science. Science is the result of human activities, it is not a kind of existence in nature, it is the same as literature, philosophy and so on-these "studies" did not exist originally, but human activities created them; Philosophy is man’s creation, literature is man’s creation, and science is man’s creation. They are all man’s creative activities. Today, many people hold "science" very high, reaching the supreme position and overriding everything, as if it is nature itself, but there are only phenomena in nature, and people know these phenomena through their own activities, and science is the understanding of these phenomena. Science appears because of human activities, and there is no science without human activities.

　　In this way, science is not so sacred. Now some people think that all problems in human society can be solved by science. With "science", everything is fine. Science is then combined with the concept of "progress": under the protection of science, human society continues to "progress". Some problems can’t be solved today because science is not yet in place and the level is not high enough. When the scientific level is higher, all problems can be solved. However, science cannot solve all the problems.

　　What problems can science solve?

　　Science is only human’s exploration of nature. Although the goal of science is to observe and study nature, trying to thoroughly understand the objective existence and find ways to use it, science can’t completely uncover the mystery of nature, and it is impossible to exhaust knowledge of nature. Science can only make people as close as possible to all objective existence and understand as many natural phenomena as possible, which is the limit of science. Therefore, science cannot solve all problems, and the "problems" here only refer to problems related to natural phenomena. But there are more "problems" in human society: problems unrelated to natural phenomena, many social problems, "ideological problems" and so on, which cannot be solved scientifically.

　　In addition, on the one hand, science can solve some problems, on the other hand, it creates and causes new problems, so science is not only solving problems, but also creating problems. After comparing the problems solved with those created, the result may be more and more problems, not less and less. This point is clear now, for example, bioengineering has solved many problems, which can increase agricultural output, but at the same time it has created transgenic problems; Furthermore, non-GM crops may be eliminated, which becomes another problem. Pollution problems, environmental problems, fertilizer problems and pesticide problems are all like this, especially the problem of ozone reduction. Are these problems caused by science? Science has brought us so much trouble that some problems may never be solved. Some people will say: With the development of science, problems can always be solved. I don’t think so. Let me give you an example: in the hundreds of years of great scientific development, one-third of the world’s biological species have been destroyed. Can these extinct species be restored?

　　This involves the direction of science. The biggest problem of science is that it has no direction. I mean, science can benefit human beings, destroy their well-being, and even cause human disasters. For example, the use of nuclear energy is a well-known example, and so is cloning. Obviously, the direction of science determines the fate of mankind, and the wrong direction may cause the destruction of mankind. The poisonous milk, poisonous air, poisonous soil, poisonous vegetables, etc., which are now plaguing China, are actually the evil consequences caused by the wrong scientific direction, which has seriously threatened the survival of Chinese. But the direction of science is in people’s hands. It is not science, but people’s morality and scientists’ sense of responsibility for human destiny that can grasp the direction of science.

　　Having said that, I want to emphasize that science has its limitations. Don’t think that science can solve all problems. Science is a good thing, but scientism is a bad thing. Scientism is also called scientism, and scientism is unacceptable.

　　What are the conditions for the development of "science"

　　Scientific development needs conditions. In my opinion, these conditions mainly include the following two aspects:

　　First, science must be recognized by society. Without social recognition, science cannot exist. Science is not an objective existence, it comes from human activities, and now everyone understands that science does not exist if society does not recognize it. For example, science could not exist in Copernicus’ time. If someone advocated science, he and his science would be destroyed together. Therefore, social recognition is the first condition for the existence of science. Second, there must be social needs. This brings me back to my proposition: science is not an objective existence, and it will only appear when society needs it; If society doesn’t need it and thinks it is useless, it won’t appear. In fact, there is no essential difference between science and literature, history and philosophy. Science is a creative activity of human beings, but the object of science is an objective natural phenomenon, while the object of literature is poetic imagination, such as the Monkey King the Monkey King or Harry Potter and the like. The object of science is real existence, while the object of literature is imaginary imagination. (author:Qian Chengdan Professor, History Department, Peking University)

　　CCTV News:According to "Gongxin Weibo" WeChat WeChat official account news, in the first half of the year, the added value of China’s electronic information manufacturing industry achieved rapid growth, the growth rate of export delivery value rose steadily, corporate revenue continued to increase, and investment maintained rapid growth.

　　one

　　The added value achieved rapid growth.

　　In June, the added value of electronic information manufacturing industry above designated size increased by 11% year-on-year, 3.7 percentage points higher than that in May.

　　In the first half of the year, the added value of electronic information manufacturing industry above designated size increased by 10.2% year-on-year, and the growth rate exceeded that of industrial and high-tech manufacturing industries by 6.8 percentage points and 0.6 percentage points respectively.

　　In the first half of the year, among the main products, the output of mobile phones was 744 million units, down 2.7% year-on-year, of which the output of smart phones was 576 million units, down 1.8% year-on-year; The output of microcomputer equipment was 212 million units, down 5% year-on-year; The output of integrated circuits was 166.1 billion pieces, down 6.3% year-on-year.

　　two

　　Export delivery value’s growth rate has steadily rebounded.

　　In June, export delivery value, an electronic information manufacturing industry above designated size, grew by 12.4% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 6.3 percentage points higher than that in May.

　　In the first half of the year, export delivery value, an electronic information manufacturing industry above designated size, increased by 7.3% year-on-year, with a growth rate of 1-mdash; It rose by 0.9 percentage points in May.

　　According to customs statistics, in the first half of the year, China exported 88.35 million laptops, down 17.3% year-on-year; 406 million mobile phones were exported, a year-on-year decrease of 10.9%; 141 billion integrated circuits were exported, a year-on-year decrease of 6.8%.

　　three

　　Corporate revenue continued to increase.

　　In the first half of the year, the electronic information manufacturing industry above designated size achieved operating income of 7,019.9 billion yuan, up 7.7% year-on-year, compared with 1-mdash; An increase of 0.3 percentage points in May; Operating costs were 6.11 trillion yuan, up 8.7% year-on-year; The total profit was 323.4 billion yuan, down 6.6% year on year, and the profit rate of operating income was 4.6%.

　　four

　　Investment maintained rapid growth.

　　In the first half of the year, the investment in fixed assets of electronic information manufacturing industry increased by 19.9% year-on-year, 8.9 percentage points higher than that of industrial investment in the same period, but 3.9 percentage points lower than that of high-tech manufacturing industry.

　　Note:

　　1. Unless otherwise indicated, the statistical data in this paper are all from the National Bureau of Statistics or calculated accordingly.

　　2. "Electronic information manufacturing industry" in this paper is the same caliber as "computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry" in the national economic industry classification.

　　Source: Operation Monitoring Coordination Bureau of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.

　　A case of strabismus in children may be diagnosed as needing surgery, and may be corrected by rehabilitation training of eye muscles;

　　A case of habitual dislocation may be diagnosed as needing surgery and may be improved by ligament rehabilitation training;

　　A stroke patient, after thrombolysis or surgery, is likely to walk as before with seamless rehabilitation … …

　　"In the past, people thought that rehabilitation was care and care, and there was no technical content. Now they gradually realize that rehabilitation is a science." On June 20th, Wang Xiaoning, secretary-general of the China Association for Science and Technology’s Life Science Society Consortium, told the Science and Technology Daily reporter that good rehabilitation can significantly reduce the sequelae, and the most intuitive thing is to greatly reduce people’s pain and make people live with quality and dignity.

　　Since rehabilitation medicine has so much energy, we must pay more attention to the construction of healthy China. Recently, National Health Commission, the National Development and Reform Commission and other eight ministries and commissions jointly issued the Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Rehabilitation Medical Work (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions), requiring that by 2022, prefecture-level cities with 6 rehabilitation doctors per 100,000 population and more than 3 million people should set up at least one secondary and above rehabilitation hospital.

　　Start late and catch up.

　　"It was unimaginable in the past for patients in ICU to stand up with a special rehabilitation bed as soon as their vital signs were stable." Wang Xiaoning said that there was one thing in the past — — To save people’s lives, there is one more thing to think about now — — Activating anti-gravity muscle groups and realizing efficient recovery of body functions is called ultra-early rehabilitation.

　　Domestic high-level medical teams have been trying in this field, but they are still lagging behind and starting late in a wider range. The standardized training of rehabilitation medicine residents in rehabilitation medicine departments of some top hospitals began in 2004.

　　"Rehabilitation medical research in some developed countries, such as the United States and Japan, started earlier and has a systematic research and practice system that is connected and crossed with various medical sciences." Dong Yafeng, a professor at the University of Kansas School of Medicine in the United States, told the Science and Technology Daily reporter that, for example, after undergoing neurosurgery, the muscles began to shrink after lying in bed for a week and needed rehabilitation. Burn patients also needed special rehabilitation after undergoing escharectomy to recover to a greater extent … …

　　Because of this, the Opinions jointly issued by eight ministries and commissions twice mentioned multidisciplinary intersection, demanding that the multidisciplinary cooperation model between rehabilitation and clinic be gradually promoted. It can be seen that rehabilitation medicine is not an independent discipline. In order to "aim at the forefront" and strengthen the construction of rehabilitation medicine departments in rehabilitation hospitals and general hospitals, it is ideal to make rehabilitation medicine seamlessly connect with other medical disciplines, integrate into the consideration of the whole medical system, and achieve "throughout the whole process".

　　People are the core, and technology is the solution.

　　"Promoting the transformation of some first-class and second-class hospitals in areas rich in medical resources into rehabilitation hospitals" put forward in the Opinions has attracted much attention in the industry.

　　"It is structurally reasonable to let the first-and second-level hospitals undertake part of the later rehabilitation tasks and complement the top three hospitals." Wang Xiaoning said that because rehabilitation is characterized by a long period of time, beds will take up a lot if they are concentrated in large hospitals. Through this transformation, some patients will be diverted to primary and secondary hospitals, which will help to make overall use of existing resources.

　　In addition to hospital projects, it is still necessary to see that the training of talents in rehabilitation medicine is very insufficient. "In the past, general medical universities didn’t offer this major. Rehabilitation was considered as a school-running field for technical schools and specialties such as nursing and nursing, so talents in this field can be said to be extremely scarce." Wang Xiaoning said.

　　Therefore, in the "Opinions", the training of talents is taken as the main goal, and it is proposed to establish a professional team of rehabilitation medicine with reasonable quantity and excellent quality by 2022, and it is required to strengthen the capacity building of talents from three aspects: education, training and reserve.

　　"The current concept of personnel training and training should be innovative, and the training content should be more humanistic and detailed." Dong Yafeng believes that both disease rehabilitation and elderly rehabilitation need a long time to deal with each other, so cultural issues and living habits should be taken into account, including bedsore management and stool management, which are very detailed issues, and training should be more targeted.

　　Remote information technology may bring convenience to this discipline that pays attention to "mentoring".

　　"There are very professional experts in the rehabilitation department of big hospitals, who can train grassroots talents by means of helping belts. Through remote video guidance, he can be like an instructor, and it will be a trend to remotely correct the standard of rehabilitation actions." Wang Xiaoning said.

　　At the working conference on studying and implementing the theme education of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized: "This theme education should be firmly grasped ‘ Learn ideas, strengthen party spirit, emphasize practice and make new contributions ’ The general requirements. " At present, the second batch of theme education is being carried out in a solid way. Party member cadres should consciously transform the subjective world with the Supreme Leader’s New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought, deeply understand a series of requirements of this important thought on strengthening ideals and beliefs, enhancing ideological realm and strengthening party spirit training, and constantly enhance their political identity, ideological identity, theoretical identity and emotional identity with the Party’s innovative theory in the new era.

　　The subjective world is a multi-faceted, multi-level and multi-dimensional spiritual world, including thinking mode, ideals and beliefs, knowledge and ability, emotional will, moral concepts and so on. Chinese excellent traditional culture is rich in content about cultivating self-cultivation and improving ideological realm. For example, "Book of Rites University" says: "If the ancient desire is clearly superior to the world, rule the country first; If you want to govern your country, you should first get your family together; If you want to get your family together, repair your body first; If you want to cultivate your body, you should first correct your heart. " These ideas still have important enlightenment significance for us to strengthen our self-cultivation and enhance our ideological realm today. For communist party people, it is necessary to strengthen the cultivation of party spirit in order to transform the subjective world and enhance the ideological realm.

　　As an advanced Marxist political party, our party has always attached importance to the cultivation of party spirit. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out: "Party spirit education is a compulsory course for communist party people to cultivate their self-cultivation, and it is also for communist party people ‘ Mind ’ " "Party spirit cannot be naturally enhanced with the increase of the party’s age, nor can it be naturally enhanced with the promotion of the position, and it must be continuously enhanced in strict inner-party life exercise." In the Party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress, the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary regards "upholding Party spirit, Party style and Party discipline together" and "improving Party spirit consciousness" as an important part of the strategic deployment of strictly administering the Party in an all-round way, which points out the direction for us to continue to repair communist party people’s "mind learning" in the new era and new journey and provides fundamental follow-up.

　　The Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era not only contains the important thought of governing the country by the Party, but also runs through the requirements of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people’s political character, value pursuit, spiritual realm, style and ethics. Theme education emphasizes reading the original, learning the original, understanding the principle, strengthening ideals and beliefs, improving the political position, achieving the integration of learning, thinking and application, and unifying knowledge, belief and practice, and turning this important idea into a powerful ideological weapon to transform the subjective world and the objective world. Party member cadres should take the initiative to put themselves in the study, deeply understand the lofty beliefs and beliefs, sincere feelings for the people, high historical self-confidence and fearless spirit contained in this important thought, sharpen their initial mission, temper their party spirit consciousness, learn to really understand the truth, believe in the truth and use it, learn to make it practical, earnestly use the party’s innovative theory in the new era to build a soul, constantly build a solid foundation of faith, supplement the calcium of the spirit, and stabilize the rudder of thought. We should deeply understand the power of truth, practice and personality of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, and turn it into a powerful force for firm ideals and beliefs, so as to truly be a firm believer and faithful practitioner of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era.

　　It is virtue that determines a person’s quality, and it is party spirit that determines a party member’s quality. Party spirit is the cornerstone for party member cadres to establish themselves, establish their careers, make their own opinions and establish themselves. To transform the subjective world, it is necessary to strengthen party spirit, carry forward the party’s fine traditions, strengthen ideals and beliefs, constantly improve party spirit cultivation, and repair communist party people’s "mind learning". On the new journey, party member cadres should turn the world outlook, methodology, standpoints and methods of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought, the supreme leader in the new era, into their own powerful ideological weapons and scientific thinking methods, constantly improve their political, thinking and practical abilities, turn them into powerful driving forces to overcome difficulties and start businesses, and transform the subjective world while transforming the objective world.

　　　　On September 1st, the Provisions of Taiyuan People’s Procuratorate on the Application of Criminal Reconciliation in Handling Minor Criminal Cases (Trial) came into effect.

　　　　Set the original intention, resolve social contradictions and save judicial resources

　　　　Zhang, a middle school student in Xinghualing District, Taiyuan City, stabbed a person seriously in 2006. After accepting the case, the Xinghualing District People’s Procuratorate visited the victim and his relatives, and went to Zhang’s school to make a detailed study of his daily life. The procuratorate learned that Zhang is usually very dutiful, and although his academic performance is not very good, he has been rising steadily. Li, who was three years older than him before the incident, was bullied many times. After the parents learned about it, they took Zhang to the Li family to discuss the argument. However, Li was abusive to Zhang’s parents. Zhang was angry for a while and smashed Li into a serious injury. The two parties reached an agreement on civil compensation, and the Xinghualing District People’s Procuratorate finally made a decision not to prosecute.

　　　　This case has become a typical case encountered by Taiyuan People’s Procuratorate in the exploration of criminal reconciliation system.

　　　　"Such a child, just a moment of anger made an excessive move, subjective malignancy is very small. If he is sent to prison, his future life may be completely changed, and some teenagers will be’ infected’ again after being imprisoned, and they will completely embark on a wrong path. " Nan Li Ming Dow, Director of Public Prosecution Division I of Taiyuan Procuratorate, explained the original intention of the criminal reconciliation system.

　　　　The "Regulations" determine that in the process of minor criminal cases, the criminal suspect can actively gain the understanding of the victim by pleading guilty, apologizing, financial compensation, etc., and reach a criminal settlement agreement with the victim. After confirmation by the procuratorial organ, the procuratorial organ will make a decision not to prosecute the criminal suspect.

　　　　According to reports, in reality, if criminal sanctions are imposed on a large number of cases, under the existing judicial mechanism, both the offender and the victim are in a situation of mutual loss for a long time. For example, neighbors’ relationship, because one side’s head is broken and one side’s nose is interrupted at a moment’s quarrel, constitutes a minor injury. After the implementation of criminal sanctions, neighbors may die of old age, but it will increase social contradictions.

　　　　"Frankly speaking, prosecuting all these cases will not only have a bad social effect, but also waste judicial resources. Regardless of whether the case is big or small and involves prosecution, all procedures are actually exactly the same. The whole procedure has to be taken once. " A prosecutor said.

　　　　It is reported that from 2005 to 2006, Taiyuan City prosecuted 5,806 criminal cases with 9,223 people, among which 1,912 cases with 2,622 people were sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of less than three years, accounting for 28% of the total number. There is considerable room for criminal reconciliation.

　　　　Experts analyze the theoretical basis of criminal reconciliation

　　　　According to Li Qi, an associate professor of Shanxi University Law School, criminal reconciliation has its profound theoretical basis.

　　　　First of all, criminal reconciliation is the requirement of implementing the criminal policy of combining leniency with severity. There are various criminal cases, and the circumstances of the crime are light and heavy, which requires different resolution mechanisms for cases of different nature, so as to make the strictness strict and the leniency lenient. For those minor cases, the application of criminal reconciliation instead of blindly emphasizing the investigation of criminal responsibility can not only eliminate the opposing feelings of both parties, protect the rights and interests of the victims, urge the perpetrators to confess their sins and mend their ways, turn negative factors into positive ones, but also save judicial resources.

　　　　Secondly, criminal reconciliation embodies the characteristics of China traditional culture. In the traditional culture of China, there is a spirit of "harmony is the most important". Reconciliation based on distinguishing right from wrong and consultation between the two sides is conducive to social stability.

　　　　Thirdly, criminal reconciliation adapts to the trend of restorative justice in the international community. The focus of restorative justice is not the pursuit of punishment for crimes, but the pursuit of order reconstruction and social harmony. Procedurally, restorative justice also pays more attention to consultation and reconciliation. From the practical point of view, restorative justice has become a rising judicial reform movement in the international scope, and has also achieved remarkable results in preventing crimes, reducing judicial investment and safeguarding the interests of victims.

　　　　Finally, criminal reconciliation is in line with the spirit of China’s current laws. China’s criminal law, criminal procedure law, etc., have some provisions on non-penalty punishment methods, mediation and reconciliation for minor cases. However, due to the lack of detailed legal provisions, the scope of application of these provisions and procedures has been greatly limited, and the positive functions have not been fully exerted. Therefore, it is very necessary to improve and refine the operating procedures.

　　　　Scope of application Five kinds of minor criminal cases

　　　　According to the "Provisions on the Application of Criminal Reconciliation in Handling Minor Criminal Cases (Trial)" promulgated by Taiyuan Municipal People’s Procuratorate, criminal reconciliation is applicable to minor criminal cases that meet one of the following circumstances: (1) The criminal suspect has a statutory lighter, mitigated or exempted punishment; (2) The criminal suspect is a negligent offender, a first-time offender or an occasional offender; (3) The criminal suspect is a minor, an elderly person or a student at school; (4) The victim is obviously at fault; (five) the case is caused by disputes between relatives and friends, neighbors, colleagues or classmates.

　　　　In practice, criminal reconciliation can easily cause people’s worries about "buying punishment with money". In this regard, the head of the criminal reconciliation research group explained that although criminal reconciliation pays attention to protecting the interests of victims, criminal suspects, the state and society also benefit from it. Through criminal reconciliation, victims can be prevented from retaliating against criminal suspects and criminal suspects can be prevented from endangering society again, which not only embodies the protection of human rights, but also plays a positive role in controlling the occurrence of social crimes. Therefore, criminal reconciliation is a judicial idea and model to prevent crime from the victim’s point of view, which embodies humanistic care and social civilization and progress, and should not be misunderstood as "buying punishment with money".

　　　　In addition, in criminal reconciliation, the "power" of procuratorial organs is remarkable. In this regard, the person in charge of the research group introduced that the procuratorial organ is a legal supervision organ. If the criminal suspect and the victim reach a settlement, they shall apply to the procuratorial organ for confirmation. The procuratorial organ is not the host of criminal reconciliation, but the supervisor of criminal reconciliation. In practice, we should try to avoid the interference of "public power" on the will of both parties.

　　　　Procuratorial organs also have corresponding supervision and restriction mechanisms in the application of criminal reconciliation. If the grass-roots procuratorial organ intends to make a decision not to prosecute by applying criminal reconciliation to minor criminal cases, it shall be discussed and decided by the procuratorial Committee and reported to the Taiyuan Municipal People’s Procuratorate for approval; After accepting the request from the grass-roots procuratorial organs, the Taiyuan Municipal People’s Procuratorate shall report it to the procurator-general for decision or the procurator-general shall submit it to the procuratorial committee for discussion and decision.

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　　　　● What are the conditions for the procuratorial organ to confirm that the parties have settled?

　　　　If the settlement agreement meets the following conditions at the same time, the procuratorial organ shall confirm that the criminal suspect and the victim have reconciled: (1) The criminal suspect pleads guilty and repents, apologizes to the victim, and makes corresponding commitments in writing; (2) The criminal suspect and the victim have reached a consensus on civil compensation matters, which have been fully fulfilled; (3) The victim expresses forgiveness for the criminal suspect.

　　　　● What happens when the procuratorate does not confirm that the parties have settled?

　　　　If the settlement agreement has one of the following circumstances, the procuratorial organ shall not confirm it: (1) it infringes on the national interests, social public interests and the legitimate interests of other citizens; (two) against the true meaning of the parties; (3) Violating the prohibitive provisions of laws and administrative regulations.

　　　　● What corresponding supporting measures does the procuratorial organ have after criminal reconciliation and non-prosecution?

　　　　Within one year after the implementation of the decision not to prosecute, the person who is not prosecuted shall regularly report to the procuratorial organ in writing his compliance with laws and regulations and his commitment. The procuratorial organ shall pay a return visit to the person who is not prosecuted and the victim. (Reporter Yuan Wei)

Editor: Wang Yuxi