分类： aa

In the digital age, mobile phone traffic has become an indispensable part of our daily life. However, for many users, the charging method after the traffic exceeds the package limit is a relatively vague concept. This paper will analyze the charging mechanism of mobile phone traffic in detail to help you better understand and control your traffic consumption.

First of all, we need to be clear that different mobile phone operators may have different charging methods after the traffic exceeds. Generally speaking, there are mainly the following charging modes:

* * 1. Charge according to the standard tariff outside the package * *

This is the most common billing method. Once the user’s traffic exceeds the package limit, the operator will charge at a fixed price per MB or GB. For example, an operator may stipulate that the excess traffic is charged at 0.29 yuan /MB. Therefore, after users exceed the traffic, the amount they need to pay will be directly proportional to the amount of excess traffic they use.

* * II. Step-by-step billing * *

Different from charging according to the standard tariff outside the package, under the step-by-step charging method, the cost beyond the flow will change according to the different usage. For example, the first 100MB of excess traffic may be charged at a higher price, while the part beyond 100MB may be charged at a lower price. This billing method aims to encourage users to use traffic reasonably and avoid unnecessary waste.

* * Third, there is no charge for speed limit * *

When the user’s traffic exceeds the package limit, some operators will adopt the strategy of speed limit and no charge. That is, users’ internet access speed will be limited, but no extra fees will be charged. Although this method will not affect users’ normal call and SMS functions, it will reduce the online experience, especially in application scenarios that need high-speed network support.

* * IV. Flow refueling package * *

In order to meet the needs of users to temporarily increase traffic, some operators also provide traffic refueling package services. Users can order fuel packs when the traffic is insufficient to obtain additional traffic resources. The advantage of this method is that users can flexibly choose the traffic quota according to their own needs and avoid unnecessary waste.

After understanding these charging methods, we need to pay attention to some usage details. First of all, we should always pay attention to our own traffic usage and avoid unnecessary traffic waste. Secondly, when the traffic is about to run out, we can consider shutting down some unnecessary network applications or functions to save traffic. Finally, when it is necessary to temporarily increase the flow, priority can be given to ordering the flow refueling package to avoid the high cost caused by exceeding the package limit.

Generally speaking, there are various charging methods after mobile phone traffic is exceeded. Users should fully understand the characteristics and applicable scenarios of various charging methods when choosing a package, so as to better control their traffic consumption.

Adapted from a real event, the hero’s tenderness is touching.

　　The story of "Scared Sand" took place in 1937. Qin Jiwei, the general of our army, led a 300-man team against the enemy’s 7,000-man cavalry, and successfully broke through after defending the city for three days. This film is the first film to expose the hard-fought course of the Red Army’s West Route Army. The soldiers persisted in the struggle when the supply was extremely scarce. When they ran out of bullets, they rushed at the enemy with broadswords, and the final outcome was even more tragic. Except for the hero, all the other characters died heroically.

　　When heroes also have tenderness, the emotional portrayal of each character in the film is in place. When her sister Gui Fang was about to be captured by the enemy, first hero Qin Jiwei resolutely shot and killed the brave Red Army woman warrior in order to make her sister not be insulted. Gui Fang’s husband, Lao Han, witnessed the moment of his wife’s sacrifice, and was hit hard. First, he was depressed, and then he killed the prisoners to vent his anger without authorization. He also argued with Qin Jiwei about this matter. The feelings that they had suppressed for a long time in the war were released at this moment, which was really touching.

Guiding opinions of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the State Health and Wellness Commission and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine on deepening the reform of the title system of health professionals and technicians
No.51 [2021] issued by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security

Provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Human Resources and Social Security Department (bureau), Health and Wellness Committee, Chinese Medicine Bureau, the State Council ministries and commissions, personnel departments of institutions directly under the Central Military Commission, cadre bureau of the Political Work Department, and relevant central enterprise personnel departments:

Health professionals are an important part of China’s professional and technical personnel, and they are the backbone of implementing the healthy China strategy in the new era. In order to implement the requirements of "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Personnel Development System and Mechanism" of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Professional Title System" of General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council, we hereby put forward the following guiding opinions on deepening the reform of professional title system of health professionals.

I. General requirements

(A) the guiding ideology

Guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, we will fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth Plenary Sessions of the 19th National Congress, adhere to the health and wellness work policy in the new era, follow the characteristics of the health industry and the law of talent growth, take the promotion of talent development as the goal, take scientific evaluation as the core, and take moral ability and performance as the guidance, so as to provide institutional guarantee for scientific, objective and fair evaluation of health professionals and technical personnel, and provide talent support for the implementation of the healthy China strategy.

(2) Basic principles

1. Insist on having both ability and political integrity and putting morality first. Put medical ethics first in talent evaluation, give full play to the role of "baton" in professional title evaluation, and encourage health professional and technical personnel to study medical skills, carry forward medical ethics and correct medical style.

2. Adhere to practice orientation and scientific evaluation. Scientifically set evaluation standards, highlight the performance orientation of practical ability, get rid of the tendency of focusing only on papers, academic qualifications, awards and "hats", and encourage health professionals to take root in the front line of disease prevention and treatment.

3. Adhere to user-oriented and service development. China strategy of making good use of living talents, promoting the combination of talent evaluation and use, meeting the needs of all kinds of employers in selecting talents, and serving the people’s health and health.

Second, the main content

(A) improve the evaluation system

1. Clear titles at all levels. The titles of health professional and technical personnel are junior, intermediate and senior. The junior level is divided into division level and division level, and the senior level is divided into deputy senior and full senior. The professional titles of health professionals are divided into four professional categories: medicine, medicine, nursing and technology. The titles of medical titles at all levels are: healer, physician, attending physician, deputy chief physician and chief physician; The titles of pharmaceutical titles at all levels are: pharmacist, pharmacist, chief pharmacist, deputy chief pharmacist and chief pharmacist; The professional titles of nursing at all levels are: nurse, nurse, chief nurse, deputy chief nurse and chief nurse; The titles of technical titles at all levels are: Technician, Technician, Chief Technician, Deputy Chief Technician and Chief Technician.

2. Promote the effective connection between the health title system and the vocational qualification system. In accordance with the "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Medical Practitioners Law" and "Nurses Regulations", taking the qualification examination for doctors and nurses and obtaining the qualification of practicing assistant doctors can be regarded as obtaining the title of healer; Obtaining the qualification of practicing doctor can be regarded as obtaining the title of doctor; Obtaining the qualification of nurse practice can be regarded as obtaining the title of nurse. In accordance with the "Chinese Medicine Law", to participate in the examination of the qualifications of Chinese medicine doctors with expertise and obtain the qualifications of Chinese medicine (expertise) doctors can be regarded as obtaining the title of doctor.

3. Dynamically adjust professional settings. Focusing on the needs of the development of health undertakings and the development of medical disciplines, we should dynamically adjust the technical qualification examination or professional title evaluation of health professionals, and make a good connection with medical education. The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the National Health and Wellness Commission are responsible for adjusting the technical qualification examinations for primary and secondary health professionals. Provincial human resources and social security departments, health and health departments can adjust the professional evaluation of senior professional titles according to the actual situation.

(B) improve the evaluation criteria

1. Pay attention to medical ethics assessment. Strengthen the evaluation of medical ethics and professional behavior, and take the performance of medical staff in major natural disasters or public health emergencies as an important content of medical ethics assessment. The employer shall establish and improve the examination system of medical ethics, and take advantage of his position to ask for, illegally accept property or seek other illegitimate interests into the scope of examination. We will improve the disciplinary mechanism of good faith commitment and dishonesty, implement the "one-vote veto system" for academic fraud, and revoke all titles obtained through fraud, black-box operation and other violations.

2. Establish and improve the evaluation index of clinical doctors’ practice ability. The working hours of outpatient service, the number of patients admitted and the number of operations are used as reporting conditions; The coverage of diagnosis and treatment of diseases, coverage of operation or operation, number of cases of single disease diagnosis and treatment, average length of stay, average cost per time and number of complications are taken as important indicators to scientifically and accurately evaluate the practicing ability and level of clinicians. Strengthen the medical record as the evaluation carrier, and adopt the method of combining random sampling with individual provision to strengthen the evaluation of the clinical practice ability through a certain number of medical records. Explore the introduction of patients’ evaluation indicators for doctors.

3. Highlight the evaluation of performance level and actual contribution. In view of the practical characteristics of the health industry, the quantity and quality of business work are emphatically evaluated. The evaluation criteria for public health doctors shall be formulated separately, focusing on the ability of public health field disposal, formulation of technical specifications and standard guidelines, health education and popular science, evidence-based decision-making, and completion of basic public health services. Focus on the inspection of Chinese medicine personnel’s ability to master the classical theory of Chinese medicine, the ability to use Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment methods, the use of Chinese medicine prescriptions and the situation of teachers and apprentices.

4. Get rid of the tendency of focusing only on papers, academic qualifications, awards and "hats". Papers, scientific research projects, awards, study experience abroad (leaving the country), doctoral degrees, etc. are not necessary conditions for declaration. Scientific and reasonable treatment of papers, in all aspects of job title evaluation and post appointment, the number of papers and SCI (scientific citation index) and other related indicators should not be used as preconditions and direct basis for evaluation. Papers published in domestic and foreign journals should be treated equally, and more achievements should be encouraged to be published in influential domestic journals. The honorary title of talents shall not be directly linked to the evaluation of professional titles.

5. Implement the representative work system. Clinical medical records, surgical videos, nursing cases, epidemiological investigation reports, emergency response reports, papers, health standards, technical specifications, popular science works, technical patents, and transformation of scientific research achievements can all be evaluated as representative achievements.

6 the implementation of national standards, regional standards and unit standards. The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the National Health and Wellness Commission and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine are responsible for formulating the Basic Standards for the Evaluation of Professional Titles of Health Professionals (attached). Regional human resources and social security departments, health departments, and competent departments of traditional Chinese medicine may formulate regional standards according to local conditions. Units with the right of independent evaluation may formulate unit standards according to their actual conditions. In principle, the application conditions, regional standards and unit standards shall not be lower than the national standards, and the evaluation conditions shall be determined by local units within the framework of national standards.

(C) innovative evaluation mechanism

1. Improve the evaluation method of professional titles. The middle and junior professional titles will continue to be evaluated by examination, and the examination will be organized in a unified way throughout the country. The majors that have been unified in examination will no longer be evaluated or identified with corresponding professional titles, and the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) can determine the employment standards in their respective regions by the human resources and social security department in conjunction with the health department. In principle, associate senior professional titles should be combined with examination and evaluation, while associate senior professional titles can be combined with examination and evaluation, or combined with defense and evaluation, so as to establish and improve the industry evaluation mechanism based on peer expert evaluation. The specific measures shall be determined by the provincial human resources and social security department in conjunction with the health department.

2. Smooth the evaluation channels of professional titles. Social medical and health professionals enjoy the same treatment as public medical institutions in the declaration and evaluation of professional titles, and are not restricted by household registration, personnel files and different medical subjects. All kinds of health professional and technical personnel in public medical and health institutions enjoy equal treatment in the declaration and evaluation of professional titles. Health professionals and technicians from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan who are employed in the Mainland, as well as foreigners who hold permanent residence permits for foreigners or residence permits for overseas high-level talents issued by various places, may participate in the evaluation of professional titles as required.

3. Improve the informatization level of professional titles. Make full use of the information system of medical and health institutions to collect data on the workload, medical records, performance appraisal and working hours of health professional and technical personnel as an important basis for professional title evaluation. Encourage qualified areas to actively use information technology to carry out job title declaration, job title evaluation, certificate inquiry and verification. The results of the technical qualification examination for primary and secondary health professionals and the evaluation of senior professional titles are included in the electronic registration information system for medical institutions, doctors and nurses.

(D) Promote the combination of evaluation and use.

1. Reasonably determine the evaluation and employment mode. All localities fully consider the existing evaluation and employment model and the actual needs of health professionals and technicians, maintain policy continuity, and determine the connection between evaluation and employment of medical and health institutions.

2. Implement the employer’s autonomy. The employing unit rationally uses health professional and technical personnel according to the evaluation results of professional titles, and realizes the connection between the evaluation results of professional titles and post employment, assessment and promotion. Improve the assessment system of employment period, strengthen post-employment management, and realize the promotion and demotion of personnel in post employment.

3. Optimize the proportion of post structure. According to the development of health care, discipline construction and local reality, we should set up professional and technical posts scientifically, reasonably and dynamically, reasonably increase the proportion of middle and senior posts in medical institutions, especially primary medical and health institutions, and broaden the career development space of medical staff.

(5) Encourage talents to flow to hard and remote areas and grassroots front lines.

1. Improve the evaluation criteria at the grass-roots level. Doctors and nurses who work in township hospitals and community health service institutions can take the intermediate health professional and technical qualification examination of the corresponding profession one year in advance. Bachelor degree or above, qualified by the standardized training of general practitioners and working in primary medical and health institutions, can directly participate in the intermediate title examination of general practitioners, and directly appoint intermediate titles after passing the examination. There is no requirement for papers, scientific research and professional titles of primary health professionals in foreign languages, and the focus is on evaluating the ability and level of primary medical services. For health professional and technical personnel who have served at the grass-roots level for a long time, have outstanding performance and outstanding performance, the academic requirements may be appropriately relaxed, and priority shall be given to evaluation and employment under the same conditions. The specific evaluation criteria for primary health professionals can be applied to the Guiding Opinions of the National Health and Family Planning Commission of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security on Further Reforming and Improving the Evaluation of Professional Titles of Primary Health Professionals (No.94 [2015] of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security).

2. Improve the evaluation method. All localities can set up a grass-roots professional title evaluation committee or evaluation group separately to implement "targeted evaluation and targeted use" for health professional and technical personnel in hard and remote areas and grass-roots front lines, and the obtained professional titles are limited to hard and remote areas or grass-roots units.

3. Implement the service grass-roots system. Medical practitioners who are promoted to deputy senior titles shall have accumulated more than one year’s experience in providing medical and health services in medical and health institutions below the county level or with counterpart support. Foreign aid, aid to Tibet, aid to Xinjiang, aid to youth and other health professional and technical personnel who have performed well in handling major public health emergencies shall be given priority in evaluation and employment under the same conditions.

(six) improve the service mode of professional title management.

1. Promote the improvement of industry management. The human resources and social security department, together with the health department, is responsible for the formulation, organization, implementation, supervision and inspection of health professional title policies. The evaluation committee for senior titles of health series established by various departments, central enterprises and national trade associations in the State Council shall be approved and put on record by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security after consulting the opinions of the National Health and Wellness Commission, and the evaluation criteria shall be reported to the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the National Health and Wellness Commission for the record. If it is really necessary for other employers, such as affiliated hospitals of colleges and universities, to set up a health series senior title evaluation committee, the evaluation committee shall, in accordance with the management authority of title evaluation, be approved and put on record by the human resources and social security department at or above the provincial level after soliciting the opinions of the health department, and the evaluation standard shall be reported to the human resources and social security department at or above the provincial level and the health department for the record.

2. Decentralize the evaluation authority of professional titles. On the premise of ensuring the evaluation quality, scientifically define and reasonably delegate the title evaluation right of health professional and technical personnel. Three-level hospitals (including Chinese medicine hospitals) and provincial disease prevention and control institutions with high medical level, strong technical ability, perfect personnel management, and willingness to make independent evaluation can carry out independent evaluation of senior professional titles on a pilot basis. The evaluation committee shall, according to the management authority of professional title evaluation, be approved and put on record by the human resources and social security department at or above the provincial level after consulting the health department, and the evaluation standard shall be reported to the human resources and social security department at or above the provincial level and the health department for the record. Actively play the role of professional talent service institutions, industry associations and other organizations in the evaluation of professional titles and the formulation of evaluation standards.

3. Strengthen the whole process supervision. Improve the selection mechanism of evaluation experts, strengthen the construction of evaluation expert database, and implement the avoidance system of professional title evaluation. Improve the working procedures and evaluation rules of the professional title evaluation Committee and the professional title evaluation office, seriously evaluate the discipline, and clarify the responsibilities of staff and evaluation experts. The implementation of the title evaluation system of openness and publicity, the implementation of open policies, open standards, open procedures, open results. Establish the inspection system of professional title evaluation, establish the accountability mechanism of review, complaint and investigation, strengthen the supervision of independent evaluation units, and withdraw the evaluation right if it cannot correctly exercise the evaluation right and ensure the evaluation quality.

Third, organize the implementation

(1) Raise awareness and strengthen leadership. The reform of professional title system involves the vital interests of the majority of health professional and technical personnel, with strong policy, wide coverage, complexity and sensitivity. All localities should attach great importance to it, earnestly strengthen leadership, clarify work responsibilities, and ensure the smooth progress of reform.

(2) Carefully organize and proceed steadily and cautiously. All levels of human resources and social security departments, health departments, and Chinese medicine departments should carefully organize and closely cooperate with each other, do a solid job in implementing various reform measures in light of local conditions, conscientiously sum up experience, promptly solve new situations and problems arising in the reform, and properly handle the relationship between reform, development and stability.

(3) Strengthen publicity and create an environment. All localities should thoroughly publicize and interpret the title policy, respond to social concerns in a timely manner, guide public opinion, and create a good atmosphere conducive to the reform of the title system for health professionals and technicians.

This opinion is applicable to the health professional and technical personnel of various medical and health institutions at all levels. The army can formulate specific measures for the evaluation of professional titles of health professionals with reference to this opinion.

Attachment: Basic Criteria for Professional Title Evaluation of Health Professionals

Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security
National Health Commission
State administration of traditional Chinese medicine
June 30, 2021

attachment

Basic standards for professional title evaluation of health professional and technical personnel

1. Abide by the national constitution and laws, implement the policy of health and health work in the new era, consciously practice the professional spirit of "respecting life, saving lives, being willing to contribute, and loving the country without borders", and have good political quality, teamwork spirit, professionalism and medical ethics.

Two, physical and mental health, good psychological quality, can fully perform their duties.

Three, health professional and technical personnel to declare medical and nursing titles, should obtain the corresponding professional qualifications, and registered in accordance with the provisions, to obtain the corresponding practice certificate.

Four, health professional and technical personnel to declare titles at all levels, in addition to the above basic conditions, should also meet the following conditions.

(1) Junior professional titles

Physician (division): Taking the doctor qualification examination in accordance with the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Medical Practitioners and obtaining the qualification of practicing assistant doctor can be regarded as obtaining the title of physician; Obtaining the qualification of practicing doctor can be regarded as obtaining the title of doctor. In accordance with the "Chinese Medicine Law", to participate in the examination of the qualifications of Chinese medicine doctors with expertise and obtain the qualifications of Chinese medicine (expertise) doctors can be regarded as obtaining the title of doctor.

Nurse (division): Taking the nurse qualification examination in accordance with the Nurses Regulations and obtaining the nurse qualification can be regarded as obtaining the title of nurse; Have a bachelor’s degree or above, or a bachelor’s degree or above, and have been engaged in nursing practice for one year, you can directly hire the title of nurse. Have a college degree and have been engaged in nursing practice for 3 years; Or have a secondary school education, engaged in nursing practice for 5 years, can participate in the qualification examination of nursing teachers.

Pharmacist (Technician): With the corresponding professional secondary school or junior college education, you can take the qualification examination for Pharmacist (Technician).

Pharmacist (technician): Master’s degree in corresponding major; Or have a bachelor’s degree or bachelor’s degree in the corresponding major, and have been engaged in this major for 1 year; Or have a corresponding professional college degree, engaged in the professional work for 3 years; Or have the corresponding professional technical secondary school education, obtain the title of pharmacy (technician), and have worked in this profession for 5 years, and can take the qualification examination of pharmacy (technician).

(2) Intermediate titles

The intermediate title of health professional and technical personnel shall be subject to the national unified examination system. Have the corresponding professional qualifications, and meet the following conditions, can sign up for the exam:

Attending physician in clinical, oral and traditional Chinese medicine categories: with a doctoral degree and a certificate of standardized training for residents; Or have a master’s degree and have been engaged in medical practice for 2 years after obtaining the certificate of standardized training for residents; Or have a bachelor’s degree or bachelor’s degree, and have been engaged in medical practice for 2 years after obtaining the certificate of standardized training for residents; Or have a bachelor’s degree or bachelor’s degree, and have been engaged in medical practice for 4 years after being registered as a medical practitioner; Or have a college degree and have been engaged in medical practice for 6 years after being registered as a medical practitioner; Or have a secondary school education, and have been engaged in medical practice for 7 years after being registered as a medical practitioner.

Chief physician of public health category: having a doctor’s degree and engaging in public health practice after being registered as a practicing physician; Or have a master’s degree and have been engaged in public health practice for 2 years after being registered as a medical practitioner; Or have a bachelor’s degree or bachelor’s degree, and have been engaged in public health practice for 4 years after being registered as a medical practitioner; Or have a college degree and have been engaged in public health practice for 6 years after being registered as a medical practitioner; Or have a secondary school education, and have been engaged in public health practice for 7 years after being registered as a medical practitioner.

Nurse in charge: having a doctor’s degree and registered to engage in nursing practice; Or have a master’s degree and engaged in nursing practice for 2 years after registration; Or have a bachelor’s degree or bachelor’s degree, and have been engaged in nursing practice for 4 years after being registered and obtaining the title of nurse; Or have a college degree, and have been engaged in nursing practice for 6 years after being registered and obtaining the title of nurse; Or have a secondary school education, registered and obtained the title of nurse, and have been engaged in nursing practice for 7 years.

Pharmacist (technician) in charge: with a doctorate; Or have a master’s degree, obtained the title of pharmaceutical (technical) teacher, engaged in this professional work for 2 years; Or have a bachelor’s degree or bachelor’s degree, and have been engaged in this major for 4 years after obtaining the title of pharmaceutical (technical) teacher; Or have a college degree, obtained the title of pharmaceutical (technical) teacher, engaged in this professional work for 6 years; Or have a secondary school education, obtained the title of pharmaceutical (technical) teacher, engaged in this professional work for 7 years.

(3) Deputy Senior Professional Title

1. Deputy Chief Physician

(1) Application conditions: academic qualifications, qualifications and clinical workload requirements.

Have a bachelor’s degree or above, or a bachelor’s degree or above, and have been employed as an attending (supervisor) doctor for 5 years; Or have a college degree, work in grassroots medical and health institutions at or below the county level, and have been employed as an attending (supervisor) doctor for 7 years.

Complete the specified work quantity requirements (see Table 1 for details).

(2) Evaluation conditions: professional ability requirements

Clinical, Oral and Traditional Chinese Medicine categories: master the basic theory and professional knowledge of this major, be familiar with the current situation and development trend of this major at home and abroad, constantly absorb new theories, new knowledge and new technologies and apply them to medical practice, and be familiar with the relevant laws, regulations, standards and technical specifications of this major. Have rich working experience in this major, be able to treat critically ill patients skillfully and correctly, and have the ability to guide junior doctors in this major. Strengthen the medical records as the evaluation carrier, and provide 5-10 medical records of rescue, death or difficult cases which can reflect the professional and technical level of the applicant by combining random sampling with personal provision, so as to strengthen the evaluation of clinical doctors’ professional ability.

Based on the data of the first page of medical records, the professional ability and level of doctors are scientifically and accurately evaluated from four dimensions: technical ability, quality and safety, resource utilization and patient management, using the indicators such as the scope and number of diseases to be diagnosed and treated, the level and number of operations, the incidence of postoperative complications, the average length of stay of a single disease and the average cost of a single disease. Among them, the specialty of Chinese medicine should also evaluate the ability and level of Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment of Chinese medicine doctors based on the data on the first page of Chinese medicine medical records, focusing on the proportion of discharged patients who are mainly treated by Chinese medicine, the prescription ratio of Chinese medicine pieces, the number of patients with difficult and critical diseases treated by Chinese medicine, and the utilization rate of non-drug therapy of Chinese medicine. See attached table 2 for specific indicators.

Public health category: master the basic theory and professional knowledge of this major, be familiar with the current situation and development trend of this major at home and abroad, constantly absorb new theories, new knowledge and new technologies and popularize them, and be familiar with the laws, regulations, standards and technical specifications related to this major. Have rich working experience in this major, be able to solve complex or major technical problems independently, and have the ability to guide junior doctors in this major.

Based on the business work involved, it focuses on the assessment of public health field ability, planning ability, technical specifications and standard guidelines, business management technical report writing ability, health education and popular science ability, evidence-based decision-making ability, professional technical achievements output, scientific research and teaching ability, and the ability to complete basic public health service projects, including field epidemiological investigation report, disease and health hazard factor monitoring (analysis and early warning) report, public health emergency response plan and risk assessment report, and business work.

2. Deputy Director Nurse

(1) Application conditions: academic qualifications, qualifications and clinical workload requirements.

Have a bachelor’s degree or above, or a bachelor’s degree or above, and have been employed as a supervisor nurse for 5 years; Or have a college degree and have been employed as a supervisor nurse for 7 years.

As a competent nurse, he participated in clinical nursing, nursing management and nursing teaching for an average of not less than 40 weeks each year, and there were not less than 480 records of responsible nurses and quality control nurses on the first page of medical records (emergency, severe, operating room, hemodialysis, catheter room and other departments extracted nurse records from corresponding records).

(2) Evaluation conditions: professional ability requirements

Proficient in the basic theory and professional knowledge of this major, familiar with the current situation and development trend of this major at home and abroad, constantly absorbing new theories, new knowledge and new technologies and popularizing them, and familiar with the relevant laws, regulations, standards and technical specifications of this major. Can correctly carry out clinical nursing work according to nursing procedures, master the nursing points and treatment principles of patients in this specialty, and skillfully cooperate with doctors to rescue critically ill patients in this specialty. Have the ability to guide junior nursing staff in this major.

3. Deputy Director Pharmacist

(1) Application conditions: academic qualifications, qualifications and clinical workload requirements.

Have a bachelor’s degree or above or a bachelor’s degree or above, and have been employed as a pharmacist in charge for 5 years; Or have a college degree and have been employed as a pharmacist in charge for 7 years.

During his tenure as a pharmacist in charge, he participated in the pharmaceutical profession for an average of not less than 40 weeks each year.

(2) Evaluation conditions: professional ability requirements

Familiar with the basic theory and professional knowledge of this major; Familiar with the current situation and development trend of this major at home and abroad, constantly absorb new theories, new knowledge and new technologies and popularize them. Familiar with the laws, regulations, standards and technical specifications related to this major. Can participate in the formulation of drug treatment plans, make accurate analysis of clinical drug use results, find and deal with all kinds of unreasonable drug use phenomena in prescriptions and doctor’s orders in time, and put forward opinions on clinical drug use adjustment in time. Have the ability to guide junior pharmacists. Among them, the specialty of Chinese medicine should also have the ability of Chinese medicine pharmacy service such as acceptance, storage, dispensing, preparation and decoction, and can provide consulting services for Chinese medicine, and have the ability to comment on Chinese medicine prescriptions and provide suggestions for rational use of Chinese medicine.

4. Deputy Chief Technician

(1) Application conditions: academic qualifications, qualifications and clinical workload requirements.

Have a bachelor’s degree or above, or a bachelor’s degree or above, and have been employed as a competent technician for 5 years; Or have a college degree and have been employed as a competent technician for 7 years.

As a competent technician, the average annual working time in this major is not less than 40 weeks.

(2) Evaluation conditions: professional ability requirements

Proficient in the basic theory and professional knowledge of this major, familiar with the current situation and development trend of this major at home and abroad, constantly absorbing new theories, new knowledge and new technologies and popularizing them, and familiar with the relevant laws, regulations, standards and technical specifications of this major. Have rich working experience in this major, can independently solve complex or major technical problems, and have the ability to guide junior technicians in this major.

(4) Full and senior professional titles

1. Chief physician

(1) Application conditions: academic qualifications, qualifications and clinical workload requirements.

Have a bachelor’s degree or above, or a bachelor’s degree or above, and have been employed as deputy chief physician for 5 years.

Complete the specified work quantity requirements (see Table 1 for details).

(2) Evaluation conditions: professional ability requirements

Clinical, stomatological and TCM categories: on the basis of having the required level of deputy chief physician, systematically master the basic theoretical knowledge and technology in a certain field of this major, and have some expertise. In-depth understanding of the current situation and development trend of this major at home and abroad, constantly absorbing new theories, new knowledge and new technologies and applying them to medical practice. Have rich working experience in this major, be able to solve complex or major technical problems independently, and have the ability to guide junior doctors in this major. Strengthen the medical records as the evaluation carrier, and provide 5-10 medical records of rescue, death or difficult cases which can reflect the professional and technical level of the applicant by combining random sampling with personal provision, so as to strengthen the evaluation of clinical doctors’ professional ability.

Based on the data of the first page of medical records, the professional ability and level of doctors are scientifically and accurately evaluated from four dimensions: technical ability, quality and safety, resource utilization and patient management, using the indicators such as the scope and number of diseases to be diagnosed and treated, the level and number of operations, the incidence of postoperative complications, the average length of stay of a single disease and the average cost of a single disease. Among them, the specialty of Chinese medicine should also evaluate the ability and level of Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment of Chinese medicine doctors based on the data on the first page of Chinese medicine medical records, focusing on the proportion of discharged patients who are mainly treated by Chinese medicine, the prescription ratio of Chinese medicine pieces, the number of patients with difficult and critical diseases treated by Chinese medicine, and the utilization rate of non-drug therapy of Chinese medicine. See attached table 2 for specific indicators.

Public health category: on the basis of having the required level of deputy chief physician, systematically master the basic theoretical knowledge and technology in a certain field of this major, and have some expertise. In-depth understanding of the current situation and development trend of this major at home and abroad, constantly absorbing new theories, new knowledge and new technologies and applying them to practice. Have rich working experience in this major, be able to solve complex or major technical problems independently, and have the ability to guide junior doctors in this major.

Based on the business work involved, it focuses on the assessment of public health field ability, planning ability, technical specifications and standard guidelines, business management technical report writing ability, health education and popular science ability, evidence-based decision-making ability, professional technical achievements output, scientific research and teaching ability, and the ability to complete basic public health service projects, including field epidemiological investigation report, disease and health hazard factor monitoring (analysis and early warning) report, public health emergency response plan and risk assessment report, and business work.

2. Chief nurse

(1) Application conditions: academic qualifications, qualifications and clinical workload requirements.

Have a bachelor’s degree or above, or a bachelor’s degree or above, and have been employed as a deputy director nurse for 5 years.

As a deputy director of the nurse, he participated in clinical nursing, nursing management and nursing teaching for an average of not less than 35 weeks each year, and there were not less than 240 records of responsible nurses and quality control nurses on the first page of medical records (emergency, severe, operating room, hemodialysis, catheter room and other departments extracted nurse records from corresponding records).

(2) Evaluation conditions: professional ability requirements

On the basis of having the required level of deputy director nurses, I am proficient in the basic theoretical knowledge and skills of a nursing specialty and have some expertise. In-depth understanding of the current situation and development trend of this major at home and abroad, constantly absorbing new theories, new knowledge and new technologies and applying them to clinical practice. Have rich working experience in this major, can independently solve complex or major technical problems, and have the ability to guide junior nursing staff in this major.

3. Chief Pharmacist

(1) Application conditions: academic qualifications, qualifications and clinical workload requirements.

Have a bachelor’s degree or above, or a bachelor’s degree or above, and have been employed as a deputy chief pharmacist for 5 years.

During the period of serving as deputy director pharmacist, the average annual working time in pharmacy is not less than 35 weeks.

(2) Evaluation conditions: professional ability requirements

On the basis of having the required level of deputy director pharmacist, I am proficient in the basic theoretical knowledge and skills in a certain field of my major and have some expertise. In-depth understanding of the current situation and development trend of this major at home and abroad, constantly absorbing new theories, new knowledge and new technologies and applying them to practice. Have rich working experience in this major, be able to solve complex or major technical problems independently, and have the ability to guide junior pharmacists in this major. Among them, the specialty of Chinese medicine should also have the ability of Chinese medicine pharmacy service such as acceptance, storage, dispensing, preparation and decoction, and can provide consulting services for Chinese medicine, and have the ability to comment on Chinese medicine prescriptions and provide suggestions for rational use of Chinese medicine.

4. Chief Technician

(1) Application conditions: academic qualifications, qualifications and clinical workload requirements.

Have a bachelor’s degree or above, or a bachelor’s degree or above, and have been employed as a deputy chief technician for 5 years.

As the deputy chief technician, the average annual working time in this major is not less than 35 weeks.

(2) Evaluation conditions: professional ability requirements

On the basis of having the required level of deputy chief technician, I am proficient in the basic theoretical knowledge and skills in a certain field of my major and have some expertise. In-depth understanding of the current situation and development trend of this major at home and abroad, constantly absorbing new theories, new knowledge and new technologies and applying them to practice. Have rich working experience in this major, can independently solve complex or major technical problems, and have the ability to guide junior technicians in this major.

5. Job performance requirements.

The following achievements can be regarded as representative works:

(1) Clinical medical records, surgical videos, nursing cases, emergency response reports, epidemiological investigation reports, etc.

(2) technical patents related to this major formed by absorbing new theories, new knowledge and new technologies.

(three) papers and other achievements formed by scientific research combined with the professional practice.

(four) popular science works formed by popularizing the professional scientific knowledge to the public.

(five) technical specifications or health standards formed by participating in the research.

(six) the effectiveness of personnel training (including the number and quality of junior professional and technical personnel who teach the professional field, as well as the teaching topics and achievements, etc.).

(seven) other landmark work performance that can represent my professional and technical ability and level.

Schedule:

1. Physician promotion workload requirements

2 clinical, Chinese medicine, oral professional senior professional title evaluation index.

1905 movie network news　On December 10th, the sci-fi adventure film Ghostbuster 3 (provisional translation) released a brand-new preview and poster. This sci-fi series with symbolic significance in Hollywood will once again create a classic sci-fi adventure masterpiece in 2020. It is reported that the film is directed by jason reitman, starring "Ant Man" paul rudd, Carrie Coon, finn wolfhard and McKenna Grace, and the former actors such as bill murray, sigourney weaver, dan aykroyd and Ernie Hudson will return to stage the emotional killing again. At present, North America is scheduled for July 10th, 2020.

"Ant Man" joined the new team to create a "super universe"

In the preview, the young brother and sister followed their mother back to the village hut left by their grandfather. They not only met a new partner in the town, but also met a man who studied the mysterious earthquake in the town. With his appearance, the supernatural phenomenon in the town gradually appeared, and a group of young superheroes were about to fight against the mysterious supernatural threat.

In the poster, the classic "ECTO-1" demon-killing car is fully opened and rushes to the green energy field at the end of the distant sky to explore the unknown. In addition to Ant Man paul rudd, Carrie Coon, the "Dark Night proxima centauri" in Reunion 3 and Reunion 4, finn wolfhard, who starred in the new series "The Clown Comes Back", and McKenna Grace, who starred in Annabel 3 and Captain Surprise, will form a family of three, laying the foundation for the film.

Ghostbuster 3, as the follow-up of Ghostbusters series in 1980s, continued the story line of two previous films. The first two films tell the story of new york in the 1980s and 1990s. Three university professors with strong interest in supernatural phenomena formed a "Super Death Squad" to track and deal with supernatural phenomena in new york with their own scientific instruments, but they were regarded as quackery by mainstream society. Until one day, a group of supernatural forces surrounded new york City, and the Super Death Squad finally solved the crisis with courage, wisdom and high-tech equipment made by itself.

The new york crisis in the 1990s mentioned by paul rudd to two young actors in the preview is exactly the plot of the first two movies, and the appearance of trap weapons and the classic "ECTO-1" demon-reducing car at the same time also implies that this family is a descendant of a member of the last "Super Death Squad".

Science fiction classics return to the famous director Jason Reitman’s sequel.

In 1984, the first "Ghostbusters" grossed $240 million at the box office in North America, and was nominated for the best visual effect and the best original song at the 57th Academy Awards. It is regarded as one of the most popular and funny sci-fi adventure comedies in film history.

Jason reitman, the director of the film Ghostbuster 3, has made a great reputation in Hollywood before, directing such excellent films as Juno and Up in the Air, and won four nominations at the 82nd Academy Awards for Up in the Air. What is even more surprising is that Jason Reiter is the son of ivan reitman, the director of two previous films, and he will once again create an epoch-making sci-fi adventure masterpiece after his father’s footsteps.

　

It is reported that the film Ghostbuster 3 (provisional translation) will be released in North America on July 10th, 2020.

CCTV News (Reporter Sun Xiaoyuan): A few days ago, Liu Yinyue of Taikang County, Henan Province reported Xia Moumou, a former mother-in-law and employee of Taikang Sub-branch of China Agricultural Development Bank, with her real name, that "the source of huge property was unknown and she ate empty salary", which continued to attract attention. At present, Xia Moumou’s husband Li Moumou is under investigation.

The right to report is an important right stipulated in our constitution. Under the background of ruling the country according to law, what is the process of acceptance and feedback of online real-name reporting? Do whistleblowers have to have evidence to report? CCTV reporter interviewed Liu Chuanmanuscript, a lecturer, doctor of law and postdoctoral fellow of capital university of economics and business Law School on related issues.

Is real-name reporting a way for citizens to exercise their right to report?

Liu Chuangao: The right to report is an important right stipulated in our Constitution. China’s Constitution clearly stipulates that People’s Republic of China (PRC) citizens have the right to criticize and make suggestions to any state organ or state functionary; Any state organ or state functionary has the right to lodge a complaint, accusation or report to the relevant state organ for illegal or dereliction of duty, but shall not fabricate or distort facts to make false accusations or frame up.

If the informant uses his real name or the name of his unit and has specific contact information such as telephone number, it is a real-name accusation. There are many ways to report, for example, mailing letters, reflecting in person, making phone calls, etc., and you can also send electronic materials to the reporting website of discipline inspection and supervision organs, WeChat public platform, mobile phone client and other online reporting acceptance platforms.

If it is only exposed through the real name of the network, is it a report?

Liu Chuanmanuscript: Strictly speaking, online real-name reporting should be reported to the online acceptance platform of state organs in the form of real names. If the prosecutor simply exposes the illegal and dereliction of duty of the relevant state organs and state functionaries through the online media in a real name, but does not report to the relevant state organs, it is not a legal report.

However, state organs that investigate and deal with the illegal and criminal acts of state functionaries, such as the Commission for Discipline Inspection and Supervision, the public security organs, etc., should perform their functions and powers to investigate and deal with violations of discipline and law according to law if they find the materials reported by others through real names on the Internet, find out the authenticity of the materials and deal with them accordingly.

Do prosecutors have to have evidence to report?

Liu Chuanmanuscript: Under normal circumstances, the prosecutor should have clues or relevant evidence that the state staff violated the law. In other words, the report materials should have substantial content.

The supervision and inspection department of the discipline inspection and supervision organ shall carefully screen the received report materials, and return the report with no substantive content or the report accepted by other discipline inspection and supervision organs to the complaint reporting department according to procedures after communication and research and approval.

If the report is false, what legal responsibilities will be involved?

Liu Chuanmanuscript: False reporting should be discussed according to different situations: First, civil liability. The prosecutor may infringe on others’ reputation, privacy and personal information. At this time, the prosecutor should bear civil tort liability according to law.

The second is administrative responsibility. If the prosecutor fabricates facts, falsely accuses and frames others, and attempts to subject others to criminal investigation or public security administration punishment, if the circumstances are serious but do not constitute a crime, the prosecutor needs to bear the administrative responsibility of administrative detention and fine.

The third is party discipline. If the whistleblower is a cadre in party member, and he reflects the problem by fabricating facts or forging materials, with the intention of causing others to suffer adverse political influence, loss of reputation or accountability, it is a false accusation and will be dealt with severely according to the rules and regulations, or handed over to the relevant authorities for handling according to law.

The fourth is criminal responsibility. If the prosecutor fabricates facts and falsely accuses and frames others with the intention of making others subject to criminal investigation, if the circumstances are serious, he shall be guilty of false accusation and frame-up, and he shall bear criminal responsibility according to law. Of course, if the prosecutor doesn’t mean to frame it, but makes a false accusation, or the accusation is inaccurate, he doesn’t need to bear criminal responsibility.

How to strike a balance between the right to report and the protection of personal privacy?

Liu Chuanmanuscript: The Internet is not a place of extra-legality, and citizens need to exercise their power according to law. The state encourages and protects the right to report in accordance with the law, including through online channels, and will give certain rewards to cases reported by real names after verification; The procuratorial organ will also inform the result of the disposition of the accused according to law.

However, the prosecutor shall exercise the right to report according to law. For example, the prosecutor needs to be responsible for the authenticity of the report, and must not exaggerate or distort the facts, and must not falsely accuse or frame others. In addition to the information that the accused is suspected of violating discipline and law (crime), the personal information of the accused shall not be transmitted or disclosed without authorization. Otherwise, you need to bear the corresponding legal consequences.

While protecting citizens’ right to report, the state also protects citizens’ right to privacy from multiple levels through the Civil Code of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Personal Information Protection Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Public Security Administration Punishment Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Criminal Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC). At the same time, both the right to know and the right to privacy are protected, so as to achieve a balance between them in legal protection.

Editor’s Note: This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account Internet, and the author is Yong Yule, and the entrepreneurial state is authorized to reprint it.

According to the Survey on Wealth Values of College Students in China released in 2017, mobile payment accounted for nearly 92% of the post-90s generation in China in 2016. The per capita payment of China college students on Alipay (including data on transfer, online shopping consumption, red envelopes, financial management, etc.) is about 40,839 yuan, an increase of 97% compared with 2015. This is still the data of Alipay platform five years ago.

For contemporary college students, making money is more like a passive behavior of "people are in the rivers and lakes and can’t help themselves".

This year’s college students will spend the most money and make the most money.

For most students, it is difficult to reach home under the self-awareness of adults, and part-time job has become the choice of many people.

exceptBeing able to earn pocket money is also a fresh experience for college students in ivory towers.

Today, the business model and consumption level are constantly updated and upgraded, and they have grown up in the Internet age.After 00, college students have more ways and means to earn the first pot of gold in life.

Tik Tok, Weibo, bilibili, Xiaohongshu … There are more and more college students’ faces on these platforms. It is not only a platform for young college students to socialize and get information, but also a gold mine for flexible college students to show their talents and discover business opportunities.

Upmaster, game sparring, beauty blogger, short video expertIt has become a new way for college students to make money.

According to the survey data of Ai Media Consulting,In 2021, the average monthly income of college students in China is 1516 yuan.

Specifically, college students with an average monthly income of 1,000-1,500 yuan account for nearly 40%; College students with 1,500-3,000 yuan also account for the majority, reaching 47.7%, and those with more than 3,000 yuan account for 3.3%.

"Getting rid of poverty" seems to have become the goal that this college student is committed to achieving.

On August 17th, 2021,After #00, the sophomore girl took a paragraph and earned 700,000 yuan a month #Rushed to the Weibo hot search list, reading 460 million, discussing 24,000.

Wang Zhixin of Hubei UniversityWhen I was a sophomore, a joke that didn’t pass Grade 4 exploded, which made her gain millions of fans. Before graduation, she had her own studio to pay her seniors and realize the freedom of wealth.

Coincidentally, on November 16, 2021, Weibo topic.# After 00, Xi ‘an’s sideline income exceeded 10,000 yuan per month #Also, "College students identify the authenticity of tide shoes, cosmetic bags and all kinds of bags for their classmates to earn remuneration" was posted on Weibo Hot Search, which gained 150 million readings and 6,143 discussions.

In the comment area, there are also many popular comments from netizens, such as "Please tell me the wealth password, I also want to get rich", "I am jealous of this way of making money" and "I am really caught".

He Shijie, an undergraduate student at Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, started his freshman year in 2017."Hello, teacher. My name is He."In bilibili, I uploaded a video related to digital technology, and explained it in a simple and humorous way, which made people praise it again and again.

The number of single videos played exceeded 20 million, and the university participated in Hunan Satellite TV’s "Informal Talks" and interviewed Apple CEO Cook.

With a video of more than one minute, Loctek soared by 14%, equivalent to 550 million shares; Among the major e-commerce platforms, several lifting tables mentioned in the video are out of stock.

This advertisement placement has also brought rich income to He. According to a person familiar with the matter, the market price of this video of He is less than 3 million yuan.Even if he does it once every two or three months, he earns tens of millions of yuan every year.

Even, after graduating from Beihou University, Mr. He boarded a hot search in Weibo, and many students left messages.What’s the experience of graduating college students brushing Weibo to their classmates’ graduation?"

In fact, at present, college students have all kinds of strange ideas and like to pursue novel things, and those novel ways of making money, such as short video, live selling goods and dubbing, which are developed based on short video platforms, have also become the first choice for college students to work part-time, and their income is relatively higher.

If you are in Little Red Book, Tik Tok or bilibili, search."College students earn more than 10,000 yuan a month"You will find that there are many bloggers who have earned tens of thousands of dollars a month through part-time work during their school days.

There are even post-00 s who have multiple jobs and use school time fragments to continuously improve their capital income.

However, more college students rely on platforms such as Tik Tok and Xiaohongshu to realize the circle powder.

It is true that for college students, there are countless part-time jobs that can be realized by only one mobile phone.

Released by Tik TokTik Tok University Student Data Report 2020It shows that in 2020, college students in Tik Tok released video broadcasts, with a total of more than 311 trillion times, 118.4 billion likes and 2.7 billion shares.

Dormitory culture, college students’ daily life, graduation, starting school … These college students have become the source of college students’ daily income.

Short videos are just a way for college students to make money.

Before the Internet was developed,There are many college students scrambling to distribute leaflets, waiters, tutor, promote sales, and even novel scribes.However, the general commission is not high and it takes a lot of time, so it is difficult for college students to really get rich from it.

However, with the rise of short, flat and fast platforms such as Tik Tok, Aauto Quicker and Xiaohongshu, there are also many occupations, such as:Live broadcast with goods, beauty bloggers, wear bloggers, food bloggers, etc.

On the premise of low threshold and low cost, these "within reach" ways to make money have become the options for college students to earn extra money after school and realize the freedom of pocket money.

According to statistics,In 2021, 83.9% of college students in China’s first tier cities have part-time jobs after class.; 81.8% college students in second-tier cities have extracurricular part-time jobs; Third-tier cities have a higher proportion of extracurricular part-time jobs, reaching 86.1%; The proportion of extracurricular part-time college students in fourth-tier and below cities is 80.0%.

howeverFrom the perspective of the little red book platform, there are also many internet part-time sharing posts.

Among them, there are more than 30 thousand notes on "sending models", and more than half of them are sharing posts about college students’ experiences as part-time sending models; There are more than 60,000 notes on "College Students Live with Goods"; More than 5,000 notes on "Handmade by College Students"; There are also 5,900 notes on "Student Party Knowledge Sharing".

On the other hand, the topic of "student party sideline" played on the Tik Tok platform is as high as 276.2W；;# College Students’ Entrepreneurship # The number of topics played was 3.55 billion.

In addition, according to the data released by Cass,"2019 Beauty Short Video KOL Marketing Report"According to the survey, among the beauty bloggers in Tik Tok, Aauto Quicker and bilibili, the age of 18-24 accounts for the most, which means that there are not a few student parties whose sideline business is beauty.

Seeing the cheap and easy-to-use college students’ resources, smart capital began to act, and more and more MCN set their sights on colleges and universities.

We searched the employment networks of Shanghai Normal University, Nanjing Communication College, China Communication University and other universities, and found that "online celebrity" jobs such as recruiting celebrities, talents, UPmasters and anchors after the MCN season also appeared in the recruitment list with high profile.

The 2021 campus recruitment of MCN organization’s bee colony culture has launched the positions of beauty fashion, life orientation and talent to short video talents. Elephant mutual entertainment also recruits full-time anchors for college students.

theseIt is not without reason that institutions take a fancy to college students.

For example, about 70% of the traffic of talent under the banner of Ivy Culture is concentrated in bilibili, while the audience in bilibili is mainly young people under the age of 23, so the creators of young groups on campus will know more about them.

Under the promotion of professional MCN institutions, there are indeed college students who have done "online celebrity" in circles.

Funny humor UP main self-invited volume Miki and anime blogger UP main star Youye both entered MCN institutions during their college years, and were discovered and hatched by the company into online celebrity Talent, and now they are all big V’s with millions of fans.

In addition to college students who are out of the circle, there are many college students who get rich by "labor".

Xiaomi, a college student in Beijing.A wide range of hobbies, the pursuit of quality of life, spending as high as seven or eight thousand or even tens of thousands a month. More than half of this is earned by oneself.

From the freshman year, she worked part-time, as a tutor, delivering food, sorting express at the express station during the Double Eleven, playing games, and helping others walk their dogs at night …At the busiest time, she took seven part-time jobs at the same time.

Get up early in the morning to translate subtitles for movies, then go to class, deliver takeout for 2 hours after class, sing in folk bars at night, and help others walk their dogs when they come back. They are busy until eleven or twelve o’clock, and they will also go to the secret room to escape npc…… on weekends … The total income can reach about five or six thousand per month, and sometimes tens of thousands.

Yu Xia, a college student in ShanghaiSenior script killer fans often go offline to carpool and play books. Because of their clear logic and expression, they are taken by the boss of the script killer shop and work part-time as a DM on weekends.

Because of her extroverted personality and good looks, she became a top-level DM in the store. She can host three screenplay killings in a row on weekends, but the boss promised her a sharing mode, so she can earn nearly 1000 yuan a day.

She now has a plan to kill the author as a script, and plans to write her own script and sell the copyright.

She herself said that when DM only earns some pocket money temporarily, creation is her goal, and DM allows her to jump out of the player’s perspective and feel as much as possible what everyone is interested in and what interesting mechanisms are, which is also helpful for creation.

These accumulated experiences and Internet traffic can still be the key to widening the distance between peers in the future.

3、College students’ view of money has changed.

For contemporary college students, making money is more like a passive behavior of "people are in the rivers and lakes and can’t help themselves".

We can sum it up as two mountains where "money" is pressing on college students:Freedom of consumption and pressure from classmates.

Going to college is a watershed for personal consumption. In high school, food, clothing, housing and transportation were basically solved within the school, and there was not much extra cost. But after going to college, all kinds of consumption items came.

Freedom of consumption has become the premise of obtaining most other freedoms.

What brand of clothes to wear, what brand of mobile phone and computer to use, which online celebrity restaurant to eat, what kind of exhibitions to watch, and what kind of APP members are … Differences in consumer goods have almost become an important way for college students to show their differences from others.

Xiaomi in Beijing gives her daily consumption record: it costs 3,000 yuan to eat every month; Falling in love, buying gifts for friends, and attending class reunion are also at least 2,000 yuan per month; Cosmetics and clothes also need about 1000 yuan every month …

Peer comparison also makes college students more active in making money.

The Internet allows people to peek into other people’s lives. Under the general environment of "everyone is rich and beautiful, and everyone is not short of money" in Tik Tok and Xiaohongshu, college students are passively involved, and others who are beautiful find that others are more beautiful, and those who make more money find that others earn more.

I went to 985 and 211, only to find that I had nothing.The author who grew up in a small town had excellent grades since childhood, but after being admitted to a prestigious school in a big city, he found that he was behind his classmates in appearance, family, contacts and vision-"The more difficult it is to climb, the more painful it is to see."

College students’ involution is invisible, and earning money part-time is to prove themselves and relieve anxiety.

"Part-time job" brings not only "pocket money freedom" to universities, but alsoAfter entering the society, it has become one of the biggest reasons to open the distance between peers.

For college students, when everyone is in school, there may not be much difference for the time being. Even if some people work part-time and some people study hard every minute, these can’t give them too much visual impact, but if they don’t work hard, once they leave the society, they will immediately go to two worlds.

This common and immediate example can be found everywhere among many college students.

In fact, let’s not talk about right and wrong. If you want to get more pocket money to improve your quality of life, you can get it by part-time in your spare time, and you can also accumulate work experience while being self-sufficient.

Because college students are young, they are curious about the unknown world and want to keep exploring and making progress, butIt’s not that they can’t bear hardships, but they don’t want to suffer meaningless and imposed hardships.

This is reflected in the way they make money.

This article (including pictures) is reproduced by the cooperative media and does not represent the position of the entrepreneurial state. Please contact the original author for reprinting. If you have any questions, please contact editor@cyzone.cn.

Under the leadership of Su Yongqiang, Shen Gu survived the most difficult stage in history and finally turned the corner.

In January 2006, at the national science and technology conference, the national leaders formally put forward the policy of "independent innovation". A month later, the State Council issued "Several Opinions on Accelerating the Revitalization of Equipment Manufacturing Industry" (the State Council No.8 Document in 2006), which proposed that "we should select a number of major technical equipment and products that have an important impact on national economic security and national defense construction, have a significant effect on promoting the sustainable development of the national economy, have a positive driving role in structural adjustment and industrial upgrading, and can expand the market share of independent equipment as soon as possible, and increase policy support and guidance to achieve major breakthroughs in key areas."

Among the 16 key breakthrough areas listed in this document, two are directly related to Shengu, namely, the localization of large-scale ethylene complete sets of equipment of one million tons and the research and development of large-scale coal chemical complete sets of equipment. The transformation of the country’s major policies has provided conditions for the all-round breakthrough of Shen Gu.

Text | Lu Feng Wang Chen Guo Nianshun Peking University School of Government Administration

Editor | Xie Fang looks at the think tank

In order to reprint the original articles of Wangzhi think tank, please indicate the source of Wangzhi think tank (zhczyj) and the author’s information before the article, otherwise the legal responsibility will be strictly investigated.

one

"Localization" has finally entered the room.

While China’s 300,000-ton ethylene equipment has not been made in China, the international ethylene equipment continues to develop to a large scale, and a million-ton ethylene plant was built in the second half of 1990s. After entering the 21st century, China has also built three million-ton ethylene projects with the international trend, namely, the 900,000-ton ethylene project of Shanghai Secco Petrochemical Co., Ltd., the 800,000-ton/year ethylene project of China Shipping Shell, the 10,000-ton oil refining project of Dushanzi Petrochemical Company of PetroChina and the 1,000-ton ethylene project. However, they all did not use domestic main equipment because of joint ventures and other reasons.

Shengu Group. Figure | Figure worm creativity

At that time, excessive dependence on imported equipment has become a stumbling block to the development of petrochemical industry in China. In a report to the National Development and Reform Commission, Sinopec wrote: "In recent years, the shortage of international special equipment and materials resources has brought great pressure on the supply of equipment in the domestic petrochemical industry. For example, the supply of large-scale units such as ethylene’ three machines’ (cracking gas compressor, propylene compressor and ethylene compressor) is very tight in the global market, and some foreign manufacturers often do not respond to domestic inquiries. The delivery time has been extended from 12 months in 2003 to 22-24 months in 2007, and the price has nearly doubled. "[1].

Obviously, if the equipment is not localized, the petrochemical industry in China, which has entered a high-growth track, will be curbed.

The first self-built million-ton ethylene project in China was the 1 million-ton/year ethylene reconstruction and expansion project of Maoming Petrochemical Company, which was formally started in December 2004 and completed in September 2006. It was based on the 360,000-ton/year ethylene project of Maoming Petrochemical Company. According to the report on the website of SASAC, "448 of the total 510 cracking units in the project are made in China, and the localization rate of the equipment is 87.8%. Not only the new technology of ethylene cracking and ethylene recovery jointly developed by China Petrochemical and Rhuems Company of the United States is adopted, but also some core equipment such as ethylene cracking gas compressor and cold box are localized." [2] The cracked gas compressor mentioned in this report is provided by Shen Gu, but at the enterprise level, the actual situation is not so "politically correct".

When Maoming Petrochemical signed a contract with Shen Gu, the venue ready for signing had been arranged. The boss in charge of technology of the other party took Su Yongqiang and said, let’s have a talk outside. Su Yongqiang asked him, "We have to sign this time. What’s your attitude now?" The other party said, "I still agree to import." When Sue asked why, he said, "Manager Su, you have to understand me. I know that you are capable and you can do well, but if you say it from my mouth, my head will be smashed." Most of the risks are understood, and the deeper reasons are not mentioned. You can sign if you have the ability, and I will serve you if you sign. " Su Yongqiang said he would sign it right away, but he still didn’t believe it. Of course, Su Yongqiang signed it-"Maybe I’m a competitive person, and I have to do what I can’t do."

Su Yongqiang.

The major turning point of "localization" is the establishment of the national policy of independent innovation. In June, 2006, according to "Several Opinions on Accelerating the Revitalization of Equipment Manufacturing Industry", the million-ton large-scale ethylene complete equipment was listed as the key point of localization by the National Development and Reform Commission. At that time, the localization rate of ethylene plant, PTA complete sets of technical equipment and natural gas long-distance pipeline equipment was required to be not less than 75%.

In this context, China decided to invest 20 billion yuan in Tianjin, Zhenhai and Fushun to build three million-ton ethylene projects, and gave Shengu Group the task of supporting "three units". However, to be on the safe side, the million-ton ethylene "three machines" developed by Shengu for the first time were not put into the same project, but were respectively assigned to three million-ton ethylene plants, namely, Sinopec Tianjin Petrochemical used cracking gas compressor, Sinopec Zhenhai Refining and Chemical Company used propylene compressor, and Fushun Petrochemical Company under PetroChina used ethylene compressor.

When Su Yongqiang took the "Shangfang Sword" (that is, the task assigned by the government department) to find the main leaders of the party group of big users, they still said that it was best to ask Zhang Guobao, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, to sign it. Su Yongqiang still remembers what Zhang Guobao said to him: Lao Su, I am the deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, and I have never signed for the enterprise. But you are special, and you are promoting localization. Although Deputy Director Zhang Guobao hesitated, he finally signed it on the spot. To put it bluntly, it is still risky, otherwise the project can be decided between enterprises.

People in petrochemical companies told Su Yongqiang that the value of one-time feeding of a million-ton ethylene plant is 160 million yuan. If there is something wrong with the "three machines" of ethylene, all the plants have to stop and all the raw materials of 160 million yuan have to be released. How many compressors do you have to buy? By May, 2007, all parties signed the contract, and Shengu Group began to undertake the research and development tasks of cracking gas compressor, propylene compressor and ethylene compressor of the million tons/year ethylene plant.

2

Break through the core technology again

In fact, Shen Gu has been preparing for the development of million-ton ethylene "three machines" for a long time, and has invested tens of millions of yuan in research and development expenses before getting the contract. Compressor is a customized large-scale complex product system. Without the application of specific engineering, it is of little significance to make an independent prototype. Therefore, Shen Gu’s product development is basically combined with engineering projects, that is, it is put into product development when there is an order. However, the research and development of related technologies for new products has actually started.

An important prerequisite for realizing large-scale equipment is the breakthrough of core technology. For the compressor with heavy drum, the first key technology is impeller. The large-scale compressor brings many practical problems: the reliability of large-size impeller operation, the quality problems caused by welding deformation, defects and thermal stress, and the corrosion of defective parts under bad working conditions.

In 2005, the R&D team headed by Cui Lianshun (female) began to develop the integral milling impeller that only GE mastered at that time. Integral milling impeller has attracted much attention because it is much better than welded impeller in material utilization rate, machining efficiency, machining quality and corrosion resistance, but the process of integral milling is very difficult. First of all, to process the general outline of the impeller on an extremely expensive low-temperature steel, even rough machining requires extremely fine requirements. The position of the first knife is particularly critical, and the whole blank may be scrapped if it is not careful. The tool used is a harder material than the billet, and the redundant part is removed one minute at a time during rotation. Then, this rough machined part is sent to the CNC milling machine for the most critical overall milling, and the straight cutter will mill spiral blades on this whole billet. This is an extremely complicated procedure, and the slightest error will make the whole project go to waste.

Integral milling impeller fixed on milling machine.

After two years’ efforts, Cui Lianshun’s team successfully developed a three-dimensional closed impeller with integral milling in May 2007, making Shengu one of the only two enterprises in the world to master this technology at that time. The maximum diameter of the impeller with integral milling is 1500mm(1.5 m), which has reached the advanced level in the world.

After 2007, Shengu continuously broke through the million-ton ethylene compressor, long-distance pipeline compressor and large air separation compressor because of the application of large-scale integral milling impeller technology. With this technology research and development as the foundation, Shengu has always maintained an outstanding record of "if you do it, you will succeed" in those large projects that adopt the first set of equipment.

three

The Battle of "Million Tons of Ethylene"

The foundation stone was laid in June 2006 for the million-ton ethylene project of Tianjin Petrochemical Company, and it was officially put into commercial operation in May 2010. The first million-ton cracked gas compressor developed by Shengu for this project was installed in June 2009. When this unit is appraised at the factory, the appraisal meeting will end in 20 minutes. Usually, this meeting will last at least two hours. Then why did it only last for 20 minutes? Because all the data displayed in the instrument are advanced, there is no question to ask after reading the report, and it will be passed directly.

Finally, the relevant leaders made a summary, saying that all indicators showed that this unit was an excellent one. He talked about an experience: after dealing with Shen Gu for so many years, our greatest experience is the enterprise characteristics of Shen Gu: as long as it is a difficult bone, a complex, risky and technically complex project, Shen Gu will certainly win it.

There is another episode. When this million-ton ethylene cracking gas compressor was tested in Shengu, Sinopec invited an expert from Mitsubishi Heavy Industries of Japan to verify it. This is because the only enterprise that can produce this kind of large centrifugal compressor in China is Shen Gu, so no experts other than Shen Gu can do third-party certification. Su Yongqiang was at the scene. Japanese experts carefully watched the whole experimental process of Shen Gu without saying a word, and looked at the data. After all the tests were finished, the leader of Sinopec asked the Japanese expert about his skills, but he still didn’t say anything, just raised his thumb-a world-class level.

Shengu is the cracking gas compressor unit provided by Sinopec Tianjin Petrochemical Company for the million-ton ethylene project.

Sinopec Zhenhai Refining and Chemical Company’s 1 million tons/year ethylene project started in November 2006 and was completed and put into operation in April 2010. Shengu developed the first million-ton propylene compressor unit in China. Both propylene compressor and ethylene compressor are refrigeration, and their working environment is low temperature (propylene is generally used for refrigeration users at -50~0℃).

Zhenhai Refining & Chemical Company, as a user, requires that all partitions of Shengu compressor should be designed and manufactured with low-temperature resistant plates or forgings. In order to reduce the impeller diameter of the unit as a whole, Shengu adopted a high-efficiency three-dimensional impeller with large flow coefficient, high energy head and high Mach number, which was newly developed by R&D department and verified by performance experiments. Since then, Shengu propylene compressor unit has continuously passed the six levels of product design, large-scale casing assembly welding, impeller milling, rotor high-speed balance, mechanical operation test and performance test, and passed the factory acceptance of Sinopec Acceptance Committee in May 2009.

The acceptance experts agreed that the performance index of the propylene compressor unit in the million-ton ethylene plant reached the requirement of the technical agreement that the power deviation of the whole unit should not be greater than 2% of the design power, and the overall technical level reached the international advanced level, breaking the situation that this kind of products depended on imports for a long time.

The ethylene compressor is the last breakthrough in the development of ethylene "three machines" in Shengu. Ethylene compressors are generally used for users of cryogenic separation (-102~-60℃), and Shen Gu didn’t wait until 2006 to develop ethylene compressors for the first time. At that time, Huajin Group in Panjin handed over the order of ethylene compressors for the 450,000-ton/year ethylene expansion project to Shen Gu.

The leading designer of this project is Jiang Yan, a female engineer born in 1973. Without this kind of compressor development experience and external technical knowledge sources, Jiang Yan team worked hard and put in 3 years’ efforts to produce the products. However, this unit, which was put into trial operation in the factory, encountered the problem of excessive vibration as soon as the production line of Huajin was turned on. The reason is that the operating condition of the factory is normal temperature, but it is ultra-low temperature when it is turned on. Jiang Yan and the team searched for technical defects one by one, and finally broke the core problem of rotor structure operating at ultra-low temperature, and realized the stable operation of the first domestic ethylene compressor on January 8, 2010.

The 800,000-ton/a ethylene plant of Fushun Petrochemical Company started construction in April 2009, and the design task of developing the first million-ton ethylene compressor in China by Shengu was also given to Jiang Yan. In this project, Jiang Yan once again showed the courage and creativity of the Shen Gu technical team who dared to go their own way.

The structure and manufacturing process of large-scale ethylene compressor are very different from those of conventional compressors, and the biggest technical problem is the gas charging structure. In order to improve the efficiency of the general compressor, when it is compressed to a certain temperature by several stages of impellers, the compressed medium must be cooled and then compressed. Jiang Yan thinks that if the million-ton ethylene compressor is designed according to this method, it is necessary to add multiple air ducts, which will inevitably divide one compressor into two, resulting in double cost and reduced efficiency.

During that time, Jiang Yan couldn’t eat or sleep, and his mind was full of gas flow field maps. By chance, a sample of a low-temperature rotor detonated her idea: isn’t ethylene at MINUS 100 degrees Celsius itself a refrigeration medium? There is no need to toss the gas inside and out at such a low temperature. After asking for instructions, she decided to adopt the method of filling gas in the cylinder in the million-ton ethylene compressor. However, it is a major change in the structure of the whole unit from adding gas into the cylinder to adding gas into the cylinder. How to optimize the gas flow field without external gas addition, make the two gas additions not interfere with each other, improve efficiency and reduce the difficulty of casing processing, etc., involves the whole production process such as design, technology, processing and manufacturing. And all these problems, Jiang Yan must be solved one by one in the design process of product production source.

Jiang Yan has been cornered many times, and it often took days and nights to design the structure, but it was rejected because of a small defect. However, she and her team didn’t give up. When a structure was rejected, they carefully studied what they could learn from and applied it to the next scheme. In this way, with little accumulation and little improvement, Jiang Yan team perfected the structural design scheme of the unit in constant self-denial. At the same time, they have done a lot of basic research, from rotor dynamics to fluid mechanics to model-level development, constantly calculating every detail of simulating gas flow. After repeated argumentation and simulation, they finally formed a perfect design scheme for filling gas in the compressor cylinder. Practice has proved that the in-cylinder aerated structure greatly improves the performance and efficiency of the product, which is better than foreign units in some aspects [3].

The ethylene compressor should not only meet the strength requirements of the machine, but also improve the efficiency. By optimizing the design of the rotating parts such as the impeller, the Jiang Yan team successively overcame the difficulties such as the rotor structure, and finally formed a perfect design scheme for the million-ton ethylene compressor.

On the evening of February 22nd, 2011, the first million-ton ethylene compressor set in China was successfully tested in the assembly workshop of Shengu Group. In October 2012, Fushun Petrochemical’s 800,000-ton ethylene production plant was completed and put into operation. Since then, Shengu Group has successively signed several large-scale ethylene projects such as Wuhan, Yanshan, Huanggang and Zhenhai, and Jiang Yan team has designed and manufactured 16 ethylene compressor units in three years.

With the continuous success in developing the first set of equipment, Shen Gu is more and more trusted by users. In August, 2011, Sinopec Group and its affiliated Wuhan Branch packaged the products at one time, and delivered the orders for 8 centrifugal compressor sets, 5 reciprocating compressor sets and 4 pumps for the 800,000-ton/a ethylene project in Wuhan to Shengu. The total contract amount exceeded 300 million yuan, including the complete design and manufacture of all ethylene "three machines".

In 2013, Sinopec Wuhan 800,000-ton ethylene project was completed and put into operation. For the first time, Shengu became the general contractor of the million-ton ethylene "three machines". This is a great success, which proves that Shengu has become the mainstream supplier of ethylene "three machines".

In July 2013, the second phase of CNOOC Huizhou Refining and Chemical Company started construction, which is a project to build 10 million tons/year oil refining and 1 million tons/year ethylene on the basis of the first phase of 12 million tons/year oil refining, and it is also the first refinery in the world to centrally process heavy crude oil with high acid content. Its 1.2 million tons/year ethylene production facility was the largest in China and the most advanced in the world at that time [4]. In September 2014, CNOOC signed a contract with Shengu to provide all ethylene "three machines" for Huizhou Refinery Phase II project. In April 2018, CNOOC Huizhou Refinery’s 1.2 million tons/year ethylene plant produced qualified propylene and ethylene products.

So far, Shengu has become one of the top compressor manufacturers in the world.

Zhongsha (Tianjin) Petrochemical Co., Ltd. (formerly Sinopec Tianjin Petrochemical Co., Ltd.) decided to expand its capacity after 10 years of operation of its million-ton ethylene plant. In July, 2020, the nitrogen test run of the cracking gas compressor unit of the largest domestic ethylene plant with a capacity of 1.3 million tons/year, which was installed by Shengu Group, was successful once, and the mechanical performance parameters of the unit reached the high-quality level. The successful commissioning of the unit modification indicates that Shengu Group has been in the leading position in the world in the research, modification and installation of the million-ton ethylene compressor unit.

"Localization" is an important reason why China has made great progress in ethylene production: during the 30 years from 1975 to 2005, China’s annual ethylene production reached 6 million tons, and in the 15 years since the breakthrough of domestic equipment, China’s annual ethylene production reached about 21.6 million tons, and China became the second largest ethylene producer in the world after the United States.

Figure: Ethylene production in China from 1970 to 2020 (thousand tons)

Source: National Bureau of Statistics.

four

The Battle of "Long-distance Pipeline"

After the compressor of large-scale ethylene plant, another "localization" campaign of Shengu is the long-distance natural gas pipeline compressor, which should start from the "West-East Gas Transmission Project".

In February 2000, the first meeting in the State Council approved the start of the "West-to-East Gas Transmission Project", which is a great project in China’s energy field and the largest national project after the Three Gorges. Up to now, the "West-East Gas Transmission Project" has been divided into three stages, namely, West Line 1, West Line 2 and West Line 3. The general situation is as follows.

The West First Line Project was officially started in July 2002, passing through major provincial administrative regions such as Xinjiang-Gansu-Ningxia-Shaanxi-Shanxi-Henan-Anhui-Jiangsu-Shanghai, and was completed in 2004.

The West Second Line Project started in 2009, passing through major provincial administrative regions such as Xinjiang-Gansu-Ningxia-Shaanxi-Henan-Hubei-Jiangxi-Guangdong, and was completed and put into operation by the end of 2012. The West Second Line is the longest pipeline in China so far, with the highest pipeline steel grade, the largest pipe diameter, the largest gas transmission capacity and the greatest energy saving and emission reduction effect. The trunk line and branch line are all over 8,700 kilometers long, and the natural gas transported has entered the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions along the southeast coast through 15 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). If we add the foreign Central Asian natural gas pipeline, it can be said to be an "underground Great Wall of Wan Li Pipeline".

The West Third Line Project started in October 2012. The trunk and branch lines pass through 10 provinces and autonomous regions in Xinjiang-Gansu-Ningxia-Shaanxi-Henan-Hubei-Hunan-Jiangxi-Fujian-Guangdong. The total length of trunk lines and branch lines is 7,378 kilometers, which was completed in August 2014.

However, at the beginning of the "West-to-East Gas Transmission Project", it was also a major project relying on imported equipment. The pipeline of "west-to-east gas transmission" needs a lot of equipment, and the compressor is one of the key equipment, and it is the most important key equipment. The flow of natural gas in the pipeline depends on the power provided by the compressor, so it is necessary to build a pressurizing station every 200 kilometers and pressurize it with the compressor. The key equipment, including compressors, of the West First Line Project are all imported, and almost all of the West Second Line Project are imported. However, the only foreign enterprises that can provide pipeline gas compressors are GE, Rolls-Royce and Siemens.

Sui Yongbin, the chief engineer and consultant of China Machinery Industry Federation, was once the deputy director of the Ministry of Machinery Industry, and he was a man of lofty ideals who campaigned for the localization of major technical equipment for decades. According to his explanation: "The localization of China gas pipeline should not start from now. In the 1970s, the idea of "Sichuan gas flowing out of Sichuan" was put forward. In order to cooperate with "Sichuan gas flowing out of Sichuan", Chinese equipment manufacturers began to develop pipeline ball valves and compressors, and developed gas starters to drive pipeline compressors. For various reasons, the project was finally terminated. "

China decided to launch the "West-to-East Gas Transmission Project", which once again brought opportunities to China equipment enterprises. In Sui Yongbin’s words, "domestic equipment manufacturers have been waiting for opportunities since the beginning of the construction of the first line of the West-to-East Gas Transmission Project, hoping that the key equipment of the long-distance natural gas pipeline in China can use domestic equipment" [5].

However, this wait is nine years.

Shen Gu has been tracking since 1999, when the country was brewing the "West-to-East Gas Transmission Project". Since the first demonstration meeting of localization, Su Yongqiang has participated in 14 of the 16 demonstration meetings, and made speeches at the meeting every time, arguing with arguments, but failed to win a project.

The argument of west-to-east gas transmission is soul-stirring. Sometimes, people from Shen Gu didn’t get a chance to speak at the meeting, so the meeting decided to import it, and we will mention it domestically next time. Before this, Shen Gu did not make a gas pipeline compressor, but this kind of machinery is not complicated from principle to manufacture, and there is no insurmountable technical obstacle for Shen Gu. The problem is not technology-if domestic equipment is used, once problems occur, 500 million people will have no food. Who will bear the risk? Once the compressor is started, it will keep running for 365 days a year, and once an accident occurs, it will affect the overall situation.

[Note: The compressor unit used to be overhauled after 8000 hours of operation, but it was extended to one and a half years, then three years, and now it is overhauled every five years. 】

Even with heavy resistance, Shen Gu has been preparing for entering the long-distance pipeline market. In 2006, Shengu won the contract for the first "cooperative production" compressor, which was designed by GE and manufactured by Shengu. In 2007, I got a prototype, all designed and assembled by Shen Gu, but the prime mover (motor) and frequency converter were bought from abroad, and finally three finished products were made. Although Shen Gu failed to win an order for his compressor, when the country held a commendation meeting for the West-East Gas Pipeline Project, it still commended Shen Gu as an advanced unit and gave Su Yongqiang an outstanding individual. The award was signed by the the State Council West-East Gas Pipeline Leading Group.

Su Yongqiang asked the leaders of the National Development and Reform Commission, who presided over the meeting, how could we be awarded advanced without providing a single unit? The leader’s answer is: users said that although they didn’t give Shen Gu an order, Shen Gu’s intervention allowed them to beat foreigners with Shen Gu and saved them old money, so Shen Gu made great contributions to the country. Su Yongqiang said, "If you want to say so, I deserve it."

The substantial progress of "localization" of the "West-to-East Gas Transmission Project" occurred at the beginning of the construction of the West Second Line.

In April, 2009, the National Energy Administration held a meeting on "Localization of Key Equipment of Natural Gas Long-distance Pipeline" in Shenyang, and decided to carry out the localization research and development of "20MW electric drive compressor set", "30MW gas drive compressor set" and "high-pressure large-diameter welded ball valve" for the West Second Line Project.

Under the organization and coordination of the National Energy Administration, PetroChina took the lead in name, and Shengu developed a 20MW electric drive compressor unit, CSIC 703 developed a 30MW electric drive compressor unit, Shanghai Electric Group and Harbin Electric Group made motors, Anshan Rongxin Electric Power and SVA made frequency conversion, and five companies formed a company. In July 2010, the high-pressure large-caliber welded ball valve was successfully developed in Chengdu; In November, 2011, 20MW electric drive compressor set was successfully developed in Shengu. So far, the key technologies and equipment that restrict the long-distance natural gas pipeline in China have been successfully developed.

PetroChina paid experts from GE to certify the prototype of Shengu, and the result was excellent. Someone at the scene deliberately "provoked" and asked the experts of GE: What do you think of the comparison with the GE unit? The foreign expert replied that everything was fine, and even he was happy when he said it-in fact, he knew that the index of Shengu unit was better than GE.

However, although the policy of "localization" has been decided at the government level, and even domestic equipment has begun to be developed, there are still many obstacles to adopting domestic equipment at the implementation level. During the two years from 2009 to 2011, the debate on whether to adopt domestic equipment in the West Second Line Project has been in a state of "tug-of-war": it was approved at this meeting and overturned next time; After another meeting, it was decided to make it in China, and it was overthrown next time …

After several round trips, Sui Yongbin proposed to plan a cartoon, and Su Yongqiang found a professor from Shenyang Luxun Academy of Fine Arts to draw it. The professor drew several editions and passed them on to Sui Yongbin. Sui said that the painting was wrong and did not reach the artistic conception. Su Yongqiang discussed with Professor Lumei again, explaining to him that this is like tug-of-war, which is related to whether you win or I win.

In the final version, a tug-of-war competition was designed. On one side, there were three foreigners, Siemens, Rollo and GE, and on the other side, there were a bunch of Chinese cheerleaders, with Sui Yongbin and Su Yongqiang at the head. Su Yongqiang said, "I’m the little fat guy on the side, and I look quite like him." The referee in the middle was PetroChina, to see who won, so he finally sided with Chinese. Sui Yongbin is satisfied with this cartoon. At the last demonstration meeting, Sui Yongbin couldn’t speak at that time, so he went up to tell the cartoon himself. Then each enterprise spoke, and as a result, opinions were still inconsistent during the break.

At the end of the meeting, the senior vice president of PetroChina came forward. Before making his final statement, he called Su Yongqiang and Sui Yongbin and said: You all know the responsibility of this matter, and you also know the reason why they don’t agree to adopt domestic equipment. It is that the risk is too great, not only economic risk, but also political risk. If something goes wrong, this job will be lost. He asked Su Yongqiang directly: Do you have confidence? Su Yongqiang said yes. Later, when the meeting resumed, the vice president spoke passionately about the fact that central enterprises must take responsibility, bear national responsibility and support the localization of equipment, which was quite exciting. Finally, the parties decided to sign.

In 2012, the first pipeline compressor independently developed by Shengu was installed as a backup machine in Gaoling pressurization station of the West Second Line. But no one expected that a dramatic scene would happen later: the foreign compressor as the main engine could not be started after maintenance, so it had to start the standby drum sinking unit urgently, and the drum sinking unit was successfully started at one time. This accident made the standby machine of Shen Gu instantly become the host machine.

Since then, the National Energy Administration has organized a national appraisal in Gaoling, and the pipeline compressor of Shengu has received three evaluations: first, the performance has all met the design requirements, and compared with foreign units, it is truly world-class; Second, the fastest driving speed, a successful driving, and foreign units can not do, it will take a long time to drive; Thirdly, the most surprising thing is that the noise of Shengu unit is much lower than that of foreign units. When Su Yongqiang went to the scene, the people who used the unit told him that the Shen Gu unit was so good that after the foreign unit was driven, the people at the scene could not hear each other, but they could hear each other when the Shen Gu unit was running. Shen Gu people never thought that their compressor had this advantage. Su Yongqiang said, in fact, as soon as the mechanical and pneumatic indicators are reached, the noise will naturally come down, so the low noise just shows that the technical performance of the Shen-Gu compressor is excellent.

Shengu’s long-distance pipeline compressor was a hit at Gaoling pressurization station in the later period of the second line project of "West-to-East Gas Transmission" and was highly appraised. At present, there are a few imported compressors driven by gas turbine, and all the electric-driven compressors have been made in China (the number of electric-driven compressors exceeds that of gas-driven compressors). In other words, the compressors used in the first line of the "West-to-East Gas Transmission Project" are 100% imported, and almost all the compressors used in the second line are imported. Up to then, about 300 compressors have been imported into the "West-to-East Gas Transmission Project", and a rough calculation has cost about 30 billion yuan, of which the tax revenue, profits, employment and experience accumulated do not belong to China.

Since 2009, Shengu has independently developed the electric-driven compressor for long-distance pipelines, made a prototype in 2011 and installed it on the spot in 2012 (since then, CSIC 703 has successfully developed a gas-driven pipeline compressor). Since the Shengu compressor was launched at Gaoling Station of the West Second Line, there is no imported pipeline compressor driven by electricity, and the West Third Line has been localized.

On June 26, 2017, three sets of PCL compressor units provided by Shengu Group for Sinopec’s "Sichuan-East Gas Transmission Project" gold station completed 72-hour commissioning test on site, and all indicators were normal and met the design requirements.

On December 28th, 2021, the annual gas transmission capacity of the West-to-East Gas Pipeline System, a landmark project of China’s western development, exceeded 100 billion cubic meters that day. The important reason for this achievement is that in 2018, the country implemented the natural gas pipeline interconnection and supply guarantee project, and Shengu Group provided 14 sets of compressors for this project, which were all put into production in January 2019. In December, 2020, the East Line Project of Sino-Russian Natural Gas Pipeline (Changling-Yongqing) was successfully put into operation, and Shengu provided the design, manufacture and on-site service of 15 compressor sets in 5 stations for this project.

five

Battle of "100,000 air separation"

When the country implemented the policy of adjusting the energy structure around 2010, the intensive processing of China’s rich coal resources (such as coal to oil, coal to natural gas, coal to olefins, coal to aromatics, etc.) required larger-scale air separation compressors. At that time, in the world, only two German companies, Siemens and Man Turbine, could produce the 100,000-class air separation compressor units needed by large-scale coal chemical plants, and China could only rely on imports.

However, for the competent authorities, the prospect of developing coal chemical industry entirely by imported equipment is "horrible": a set of 4 million tons/year coal indirect liquefaction oil-making device needs to produce 1.2 million Nm?3 oxygen; /Hr air separation island and 12 sets of air compressors with 100,000 air separation (oxygen production). By 2015, more than 70 sets of air separation compressors of this scale will be needed for coal chemical projects approved and to be approved by the state.

In October, 2011, the National Energy Administration organized a working conference on the localization of key equipment of Shenhua Ningmei’s 4 million tons/year coal indirect liquefaction project, and proposed that localization must be carried out. In 2013, of the 12 sets of 100,000 air separation units required for this project, 6 sets were acquired by Hangzhou Oxygen Machine Group (hereinafter referred to as "Hangzhou Oxygen"). After expert argumentation, the National Energy Administration decided to set aside one of the 12 compressor units originally planned to be imported for the air separation unit in Shenhua Ningmei Project as a pilot for localization, and requested Shengu to carry out the research and development of 100,000 air separation compressor units.

This is another challenging task: the design and production cycle of the compressor is one and a half years, and the on-site installation takes half a year, which adds up to a two-year cycle; If it is not successful at one time, the redevelopment will lose four years, and the whole project with an investment of tens of billions of yuan will have to wait. Therefore, Shen Gu must be successful once, which is the most difficult part of "localization".

Shenhua Ningmei planned to import 100,000 air separation compressors at that time, each of which needed 150 million yuan. After the news of Shen Gu’s "localization" came out, the compressor price of foreign enterprises immediately dropped to about 100 million yuan.

The cause and effect of this project once again shows the logic of the "localization" model: major projects to be built in China must use major technical equipment that has not been developed and manufactured in China, but it is at least financially infeasible to rely entirely on imported equipment. Therefore, the government put forward the "localization" policy for the purpose of reducing the cost of using advanced technical equipment and gave China enterprises market opportunities.

However, this time there is a fundamental difference-because Shen Gu is not the same. The key to understanding the road of Shengu lies in this: after entering the 21st century, every time Shengu completed the task of "localization", it did not copy the imported foreign compressor technology, but replaced the foreign compressor with a self-developed compressor.

In fact, Shen Gu has been preparing for this opportunity for many years. Shengu Group has been committed to the development of compressors for large-scale air separation units since 2002, and successfully delivered the first set of 40,000 air separation compressors in China to users in 2004. In the same year, under the condition of no contract, Shengu completed the manufacture and test of a prototype of 35,000 gear-assembled air compressor units by self-financing. In 2006, Shengu developed the first set of 52,000 air separation compressor units in China, which was successfully started after being delivered to users. In 2010, the Energy Bureau of the National Development and Reform Commission determined that Shengu Group was the only R&D center for large turbocompressors in China. In the same year, Shengu completed the research and development design of 50,000 multi-shaft and multi-stage gear assembled air separation booster unit by self-financing, and completed the manufacturing and testing work in 2012, which solved the technical problems of high-efficiency impeller model stage, rotor stability, core component materials and strength analysis, and completed the test verification of more than 20 independent research and development new technologies.

After accepting the task, Shen Gu designated the "Development Project of Compressor Unit Supporting 100,000-class Air Separation Equipment" as "Pioneer Project of Communist party member". Su Yongqiang, the chairman of the board of directors, is personally in charge, Dai Jishuang, the deputy general manager, is responsible for the implementation, and the chief designer of the project is Wang Chuanghua, the vice president of the battle-hardened design institute.

As it is another "first set" project, the technical team of Shengu has no experience to learn from, whether it is the structural design of compressors and superchargers, seals and shells. However, they rely on mature large-scale centrifugal compressor technology and large-scale axial compressor technology, and adopt the structural design of "axial+centrifugal" air compressor and multi-shaft and multi-stage gear assembled supercharger in the R&D and design process. They have successively overcome a series of technical problems, such as high-efficiency impeller design with large hub ratio mixed flow and small hub ratio and high Mach number, cooperative coupling of various complex flows, dynamic analysis of rotor with special structure, complex connection structure of rotor and stator, complete set design of unit equipment, control and adjustment of complex working conditions and so on.

In order to hand in the best technical solutions to users, they constantly communicate with Hangyang Group and users to ensure the accuracy of each parameter, and also cooperate with foreign enterprises in individual technical fields to ensure the advanced nature of various technologies.

In August 2013, Shengu won the trust and recognition of experts and users with its technical scheme and service concept, and signed a commercial contract with Hangzhou Oxygen Group (air separation unit) and Hangzhou Steam Turbine Group (supporting steam turbine) for Shenhua Ningmei super-large air separation unit.

The manufacturing process is also a challenge. In the rotor workshop, the compressor spindle, which weighs nearly 30 tons, needs to be combined horizontally in three stages, and it needs to be successful once. There is only a gap of 0.02-0.04mm between the left and right sections of the spindle and the middle section, which is equivalent to one tenth of the hair. A slight negligence in installation will give up all previous efforts. On average, the 44 bolts on the left and right sides of the spindle have to be hammered more than 800 times and stretched more than 1000 times by workers. The rotor length of the air compressor in the 100,000 air separation project is 76.6 meters, which requires more than 300 people to repeatedly scrutinize the safety of the tooling, equipment and site. Each impeller has a weight of one ton, so the operator should wear a safety belt and stand on the assembly frame more than 7 meters high to operate.

In the stator workshop, the processing technology of the central casing is complex, and the same process involves the coordinated operation of multiple teams. According to the product structure characteristics and process flow, the workshop worked out a special production plan for the central casing of the 100,000 air separation project, and decomposed the plan into each process, strictly controlled the planned time nodes, kept track of the production progress at all times, and rationally arranged personnel, and each link was taken care of by a special person, so as to ensure the seamless docking of all teams and groups and ensure the production and processing were foolproof.

In the structural workshop, Nie Wanlong, who has provided technical services for the group’s heavy and difficult products for many times, was selected as the technical "chief surgeon" from the pre-production technical preparation. After receiving the drawings of 100,000 air separation units, Nie Wanlong immediately carefully analyzed the rationality of each process link and possible problems, and communicated with the design, process and other departments to solve the problems one by one. Subsequently, this heavy baton in Nie Wanlong’s hand was passed to the "Shenyang Welding King"-the technician Zhen Bide. Zhen Bide never let go of any problem, keeping a close eye on the production of 100,000 air separation units, and working overtime every day has become a common practice.

Rotor of 100,000 air separation compressor.

The development of large-scale equipment, especially the first set of equipment, requires large-scale test means. The power of large-scale air compressor set for 100,000 air separation plant exceeds 60,000 kilowatts, so it is very difficult to design and manufacture. In order to ensure that the development of the unit is foolproof, the product must be tested at full speed, full pressure and full load before leaving the factory. In 2012, Shengu invested 700 million yuan to build a world-leading 100,000 kW test bench in Yingkou, which was approved by the National Energy Administration as the national "Construction Project of R&D (Experiment) Center for Large Turbine Compressor Units". According to the actual operating parameters of users, the test-bed can test all the equipment including compressor, turbine, auxiliary machine, control system and so on.

From July 23rd to August 3rd, 2015, the 100,000 air separation compressor unit independently developed by the R&D teams of Shengu Group, Hangzhou Steam Turbine Group and Hangzhou Oxygen Group has successfully carried out the performance tests of mechanical performance and aerodynamic performance at full speed and full pressure for three times, and all the performance indexes meet the requirements of the contract and reach the international advanced level. Soon after, on August 23rd, 100,000 Nm?3 with a length of 35 meters, a height of 15 meters and a weight of 478 tons; /h The air separation compressor unit was commissioned at Shengu Yingkou Experimental Base, and conquered more than 200 guests including leaders, experts and customers with excellent performance.

On May 15th, 2017, the first domestic air compressor set of 100,000-class air separation plant independently developed by Shengu Group was successfully commissioned, and the linkage test of No.12 air separation unit of Shenhua Ningmei coal indirect liquefaction demonstration project was successfully completed. The operation data showed that all mechanical properties and aerodynamic performance indexes of the unit reached the international advanced level. On July 11, 2017, this compressor unit was connected to the grid and produced qualified oxygen and nitrogen products. The oxygen and nitrogen quality indicators met the design requirements and the mechanical properties of the unit were stable. The user Shenhua Ningmei specially sent a happy news to pay tribute to all the staff of Shengu Project Department and awarded the honorary title of excellent supplier of Shengu Turbine Company’s coal-to-liquid project.

On August 25, 2017, China Machinery Industry Federation and China General Machinery Industry Association jointly hosted a demonstration project of 4 million tons/year coal indirect liquefaction in Shenhua Ningmei-an industrial operation review meeting of domestic 100,000 air separation units and air compressors. The final evaluation opinion proves that the domestic 100,000-unit air separation plant and air compressor are another breakthrough of major equipment in China, and their main technical performance has reached the advanced level of similar foreign plants and products, which can meet the needs of large-scale domestic coal chemical, petrochemical and metallurgical projects for 100,000-level and above air separation plants. It is recommended to popularize them as soon as possible.

The whole picture of the first 100,000 air separation compressor set in China manufactured by Shengu, Shenhua Ningmei site. (Source: Shen Gu official website)

The 100,000 air separation compressor unit is a major breakthrough of Shengu in recent years. From the process, the whole process of "localization" is relatively smooth due to the direct intervention of the state authorities. This also shows that the market of major projects is deeply influenced by the government, and the role of the government in promoting "localization" at the "system" level is irreplaceable.

Following the breakthrough of Shenhua Ningmei Project, Shengu received contracts from two other enterprises in succession. In April 2020, Shengu Group designed and manufactured two sets of 105,000 air separation compressor units for Ningxia Baofeng Energy Group, and produced qualified oxygen and nitrogen products. This is another major breakthrough in the development of large-scale air separation units in China after the successful start-up of 100,000 air separation units developed for Shenhua Ningmei in May 2017.

On the basis of accumulating several sets of design and manufacturing experience of compressor units in large-scale air separation units, Shen Gu has successively developed 60,000, 80,000, 100,000, 120,000 and 150,000 Nm?3; Independent research and development of large air separation units with /h class, with 60,000 to 150,000 Nm?3; The design and manufacturing capacity of serial centrifugal compressor sets for /h air separation units shows the prospect of a full range of domestic compressor sets for large-scale air separation units replacing imports in the field of large-scale coal chemical industry.

The technical and product breakthroughs of Shen Gu in the last 20 years can’t come together, so we can only describe the general situation. Importantly, Shengu’s products have covered the upstream, midstream and downstream of petrochemical industry, and have rushed to the forefront of the world in almost all fields, which is a great contribution made by Shengu to China’s industry. In addition to the aforementioned fields of ethylene and natural gas long-distance pipelines and coal chemical industry, the technical breakthrough of Shengu also includes the following fields: compressors for oil production and oil refining, compressors for natural gas liquefaction (LNG) refrigerants, compressors for fertilizer production devices, and compressors for chemical fiber production devices. In addition, Shengu also provides high-end pumps, such as nuclear power plant main pump and oil pipeline pump.

It can be said that Shengu has fully covered the large-scale compressor units needed by petrochemical industry, national defense and military industry, and its market share is roughly as follows: centrifugal compressor is 85%; Large blowers account for 40%; The reciprocating compressor in petrochemical industry is about 80%; High-end pumps range from 50% to 85% according to the variety.

It is precisely because Shengu quickly realized the large-scale compressor, the improvement of technical level and the enhancement of supporting capacity that it met the development of petrochemical industry in China in the past 20 years. The president-level leader of a big user personally said to Su Yongqiang: "Mr. Su, Shen Gu has made great contributions to the development of China petrochemical industry. Your contribution to the country should be measured not by how much profit Shen Gu has produced, but by the social contribution you have made to the country. With Shen Gu, we dare to say no in front of foreigners. "

Notes:

[1] The story behind Sinopec’s promotion of ethylene plant localization | Pang Hongming, Gas Separation, No.2, 2010, p.25.

[2] China’s first million-ton ethylene production base has been fully completed and put into operation | SASAC website, September 19, 2006

[3] Jiang Yan dictated: "Little Ben" designed the world’s top equipment | "Contemporary Model Workers", No.10, 2013, pp. 53-55.

[4] On December 15th, 2015, Dutch Shell Group and CNOOC signed the Agreement on Major Terms for Enhancing Cooperation in Daya Bay, and Shell Company participated in the construction and operation of the 1,000,000-ton/year ethylene plant in the second phase of CNOOC Huizhou Refining and Chemical Project.

[5] High-end equipment casts an energy artery —— Three "Forever" arguments on the localization process of the 20 MW electric drive compressor unit in the west-east gas pipeline | China Equipment, No.12, 2012, pp. 42-47.

Original title: "All-round Breakthrough of Localization"

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　　On August 21st, the newly upgraded Star Era ES 2025 was officially launched, with a price of 195,900 yuan. Combining with Chery’s 27-year car-making experience and cutting-edge aesthetic concepts and cutting-edge technology, the Star Era ES 2025 brought many upgrades in five aspects: intelligence, safety, endurance, driving control and comfort, and created a quality car experience for users with advanced product strength.

　　This time, there are four versions of the Star Age ES 2025, namely, the Pro version is 215,900 yuan, the Pro City Smart Driving version is 236,900 yuan, the Pro four-wheel drive version is 236,900 yuan, the Ultra flagship version is 299,900 yuan, and the Star Age ES international version is 195,900 yuan. Five appearances are introduced: Xuanwu Black, Pale Azure, Wilderness Green, Dawn Red and Aurora Purple, with two interior colors: Xiahong and Porcelain Blue (the international version is Porcelain Blue).　

　　At the press conference, Yin Tongyue, Party Secretary and Chairman of Chery Holding Group, said, "Building a number of recognizable luxury brands around the world is the only way to become a powerful automobile country, and it is also the long-term strategic goal of Chery. Star Age, in particular, must undertake this mission, become Chery’s Audi and Chery’s Lexus, and make Chery Group develop into a century-old shop with a layer of gold, so that China brand can be selected, loved and trusted in the world for a long time.

　　Aesthetics is advanced to beauty, and the morning is just red.

　　Xingjiyuan ES 2025 has undergone a refreshing and advanced upgrade in aesthetics. The full and warm new "Dawn Red" car color comes from a new generation of paint system platform — PWB nano-colorful series water-based paint has achieved super-high color saturation, delicate and strong liquid metal texture, and the visual effect and wear resistance have reached the leading level.

　　Compared with the common varnish on the market, the nano-ceramic varnish used in "Dawn Red" has improved scratch resistance by five times, and can ensure that it will not change color or fade for eight years. Different from the traditional process, "Dawn Red" is made by 9-layer painting process, adding a layer of nano-ceramic varnish and a layer of targeted metal coating, which makes the car body feel delicate and uniform through layer-by-layer superposition.

　　Against the backdrop of "Dawn Red", Star Age ES won three international modeling awards, namely, the MUSE Award in 2023 in the United States, the iF Award in 2024 in Germany and the A Award in 2024 in Italy. The design of "wind aesthetics" is more elegant and dignified, especially the electric tail wing that controls the wind as standard in the whole department, as well as the "talking" lights equipped with 1200 high-power LEDs and 11 kinds of intelligent scenes. On the stage of the conference, it was compared with the piano player Wan.

　　Intelligent driving leads future travel.

　　Adhering to the principle of "Xingjian intelligent driving into the first echelon, making the journey easier!" Today, with the increasing trend of new energy intelligence, Star Age ES will bring a higher level of intelligent driving and intelligent cockpit experience through continuous OTA upgrade, and always meet the needs of users for intelligent software and hardware.

　　In the aspect of intelligent driving, Star Age ES adopts the fusion scheme of laser radar and high-definition camera sensor, with 508Tops high computing power NVIDIA chip, and uses BEV＋+to occupy the network, upgrade perception and fuse large models to further improve perception performance. And the whole vehicle is equipped with 30 high-performance sensors, providing 360 safety warning and collision avoidance capabilities, supporting the coverage of high-speed, urban and parking scenes. At high speed, it is a sharp weapon for inter-city communication, which supports automatic access to ramps, navigation lane changes and intersection diversion and confluence, and can intelligently avoid trucks and construction scenes; In the city, he is a car driver, who can cope with many complex driving needs such as traffic lights, unprotected left turn, traffic around the island, lane change overtaking and U-turn, and realize point-to-point full scene coverage; Facing parking, it can also free users’ hands, which can not only achieve side space parking and cross-floor memory parking, but also easily cope with narrow parking spaces and broken roads. At present, two cities, Shanghai and Wuhu, have opened the auxiliary function of urban navigation, and the city 20+ will be opened this year, covering the whole country next year.

　　In terms of intelligent cockpit, Xingyue ES is equipped with the Galaxy AI intelligent cockpit empowered by a large model, which has the communication ability closer to human natural language, stronger learning ability and interactive content generation ability. For example, the AI ? ? car assistant can quickly solve various car problems for users through dialogue; AI secretary can use the big model to record and intelligently summarize Bluetooth calls, establish schedule reminders and avoid work omissions. In addition, there are AI sound reproduction and AI wheat-free K songs, which bring more personalized and interesting experiences for users to travel. Moreover, the whole system comes standard with UWB entity key+mobile phone key, which realizes keyless entry, startup and accurate vehicle positioning, and also has convenient functions such as watch control, navigation and car search. Through continuous OTA upgrade and software optimization, Star Age ES provides consumers with smoother driving experience, smarter speech recognition, more friendly human-computer interaction and more comfortable driving experience.

　　Super security interprets the true nature of luxury

　　Star Road Star Era adheres to the concept of "safety is the greatest luxury", and strictly controls every link from design to manufacturing, from materials to technology, from testing to verification in accordance with the world’s highest five-star safety industry standard and customer-oriented car-making concept, striving to provide consumers with the safest and most reliable automobile products.

　　In terms of car body structure, Xingjiyuan ES adopts cage capsule 2.0 high-performance car body, and the proportion of high-strength steel in the whole car body is increased from 85% to 88%. The mixed structure of high-strength steel, thermoformed steel and aluminum alloy is in the same class, and the torsional stiffness of the car body is increased from 42,600 N m/deg to 46,000 N m/deg. In terms of restraint system, Star Age ES comes standard with 7 airbags, all of which are designed with a super-large volume of 125 liters, which can protect the co-driver. At the same time, the length of the side air curtain reaches 2368mm, with 100% full coverage protection from the A-pillar to the D-pillar. The over-long crushing stroke of the steering column is twice that of the industry standard, and the larger area provides more comprehensive protection for the occupants in the vehicle. In addition, Star Age ES is equipped with emergency mechanical inner opening handle, which can also escape from danger through mechanical operation when the vehicle door cannot be opened when it is powered off.

　　In the super-high-speed 120km/h three-car collision test, the passenger compartment was intact after the two-car collision, and the A, B and C columns did not fail structurally. The airbag curtain explodes in time and unfolds normally; The high-voltage system automatically cuts off power, and the battery pack has no displacement, no leakage, no smoke, no fire and no explosion. The excellent performance fully proves the safety quality of Xingyue ES.

　　Recently, in the latest test results of C-NCAP, Xingjiyuan ES won the five-star safety certification and obtained the C-NCAP "electrical safety" logo, far exceeding the average value of C-NCAP 2021 code version test.　

　　Long battery life breaks mileage anxiety

　　Strong battery life is the cornerstone for new energy vehicles to explore the distance. Thanks to a complete energy consumption development system with five capabilities of drag reduction, energy consumption reduction, energy supply, efficiency improvement and temperature control, and mastering 56 energy-saving technologies, Xingjiyuan ES supports the realization of a long battery life of 880km, and its energy consumption performance is ahead of the industry level under multiple working conditions.　

　　Under the joint blessing of 800V high-voltage overcharge platform and 5C peak charging rate, the charging efficiency of Xingyuan ES can be supplemented by 900+ miles in just 10 minutes, which is about 450km；. 5%-80% of SOC can be replenished in 11.5 minutes. Era ES has a long battery life, 77kWh Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited Shenxing battery can achieve 680km battery life, and 100kWh Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited ternary lithium battery has a battery life performance of 880km, which dispels users’ battery life anxiety. The design of one-button power-down not only simplifies the operation process after getting off the bus, but also effectively extends the cruising range through intelligent management of vehicle energy consumption.

　　At the same time, the model can be compatible with 132 charging pile brands, covering 98% of mainstream brands, and the charging scene is fully covered. It is connected to more than 410,000 mainstream charging operators’ charging piles. Whether it is fast charging or slow charging, whether it is community or long-distance travel, it is easy to find a suitable charging adapter interface and enjoy convenient travel.

　　Super driving control interpretation is extremely stable.

　　Excellent driving performance endows the vehicle with soul, and every acceleration and turn is full of fun. On the eve of listing, on the professional high-ring runway of Hainan Qionghai Automobile Test Site, Xingjiyuan ES demonstrated what "extreme operation is stable". In the test of high surrounding piles with a slope of 51 degrees, "overtaking on the wall" was staged at a speed of 183km/h; Breaking the existing record with a speed of 220km/h for winding piles on the flat road, and completing the snake-shaped winding of piles on the 180-meter site in 9.16 seconds, setting the best result in the industry. Under such high-speed and complicated road conditions, Xingyue ES can still complete the challenge with a very stable attitude, fully demonstrating its outstanding performance in driving control.

　　The excellent handling performance of Xingyue ES benefits from the intelligent pan-tilt chassis with millions of levels. It has four core technologies: pan-tilt architecture, intelligent control chassis, intelligent power and efficient braking. After thousands of matches and adjustments, it has the ability to cope with various extreme challenges. Among them, the front high-order virtual kingpin double wishbone+rear five-bar suspension combination can be called the top structure in automobile suspension, which is the same as the ultra-luxury brand models such as Rolls Royce and Bentley, and can reach the decoupling limit of physical mechanism, which can reduce the vibration sense of vehicles by 30%, the impact sense of speed bumps by 40%, the tire grip by 50% and the cornering stability by 40%, perfectly balance the comfort and handling, and redefine the luxury chassis.

　　Xingyue ES has a minimum turning radius of 5.65m, which can better improve the driving flexibility and passability, and can easily complete the turning action in narrow urban streets, complex bends or limited parking space. In addition, Star Age ES adopts high-performance 6-piston racing-class calipers, and the braking distance of 100-0km/h is only 32.9 meters. The high-efficiency braking system is applicable to all regions and is not afraid of the challenges of altitude and wading. And the whole system is equipped with industry-leading 800V ultra-efficient electric drive, which has strong power, high efficiency and quiet effect. The intelligent torque control system has accelerated the 100-kilometer acceleration of Xingyue ES to 3.7 seconds.

　　Super comfortable high-end experience

　　In terms of ride experience, Star Age ES has 70.2% effective space "room rate" and 2.1 square meters of light transmission area on the roof. The streamlined dome effectively isolates 99.9% ultraviolet rays through double-layer nano-silver-plated thermal insulation glass, and the thermal insulation rate is increased by 30%, effectively controlling the temperature rise by 7-8℃ and creating a comfortable and comfortable interior space.

　　Star Age ES pays attention to multi-dimensional sensory comfort experience, and achieves the leading level of vehicle quietness through three-layer sealing system design, high-rigidity silent glass and 66 sound-absorbing materials wrapped around the whole vehicle. Lion Melody Starway Concert Hall brings 3D immersive panoramic sound experience through 16 channels and 23 high-quality speakers.

　　The nebula seat is wrapped in NAPPA leather, and the 10-layer material is ingeniously designed, which makes the touch more comfortable and skin-friendly. The co-pilot zero-gravity seat is equipped with heating, ventilation, lumbar support, massage, electric 16-way adjustment function, 120 true zero pressure, one-button opening of the cloud to lie down, and other functions. The spacious rear space, 256-color firefly atmosphere lights and front-row double nap mode can make users feel a unique tranquility and comfort when they step into the car.　

　　Chery Group, based on its profound technical background, endows Xingtu Xingyu with outstanding product strength. From January to July this year, the growth rate of Xingtu automobile sales reached 111.4%, and the proportion of new energy sales exceeded 50%. With the global listing of the Star Era ES 2025 model, the sales volume of Star Road vehicles is expected to exceed the annual sales volume in 2023 from January to September 2024. (Source: Xingtu Automobile)